Traité de métaphysique. (Annoté) (French Edition)

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Faucheux, , 27 pp. Orelut begins with a letter to Mesmer telling him that when he Orelut arrived in Lyon he found the city to be in a state of excitement about animal magnetism and the cures being attributed to it. The author then describes in some detail the nature of the cases treated and the positive effects produced. A well-written treatise arguing against animal magnetism.

This is one of the most important and intelligent of the early critiques of animal magnetism. It includes a famous engraved frontispiece depicting Mesmer drawing magnetic fluid from the heavens and conferring it upon the ill. Couturier, , 34 pp. Paulet sets out to convince Hervier that his cure by Mesmer was not remarkable, because he Hervier had not been truly ill in the first place.

A farcical piece which makes fun of Mesmer and his practices by pretending to give serious instructions about how to use animal magnetism, while really mocking the whole procedure. Couturier, , 15 pp. This satirical piece is attributed to Doctor Philip, dean of the faculty of medicine at Paris at the time when it carried out its investigation of animal magnetism. Imprimerie royale, , 39 pp. This report was compiled by a commission of the Royal Society of Medicine set up by the king to investigate the claims of animal magnetism. This commission was constituted at approximately the same time as a second commission The Franklin Commission , also appointed by the king, made up of nine eminent scientists from the Academy of Sciences.

The commission of the Royal Society of Medicine began its investigations on April 5, The findings of this commission condemned animal magnetism. Hampered by a lack of scientific method and a surfeit of theoretical dogmatism, however, its report proved to be far less significant than that of the Franklin commission. A work of great significance for the history of modern psychology. A member of an old and distinguished family, he had inherited a large property in Buzancy near Soissons and spent most of his time there looking after his land and occasionally carrying out experiments with electricity.

Having heard about animal magnetism and its marvelous curative powers, he went to Paris to learn from Mesmer. Returning to his estate at Buzancy, he began to use animal magnetism to alleviate the ills of local residents. Among the first he treated was a peasant named Victor Race who was suffering from a fever and congestion of the lungs. When returning to his normal state of consciousness, Victor remembered nothing of what had happened.

He noted that they all showed the same characteristics as the ones that Victor had demonstrated. The alteration in consciousness between the state of magnetic sleep and the normal waking state, with its attendant amnesia, revealed, within human beings, a double or divided consciousness with two memory chains.

Prault, , 72 pp. He had learned the techniques of animal magnetism and found occasion to use them at this posting. Here he mentions some sixty cures accomplished through animal magnetism. One of the most curious was that of a dog which had been injured by an angry soldier. The dog was restored to good health in the space of a few minutes.

This seems to be the first example in the literature of animal magnetism of the application of magnetic healing to an animal. Berlin, , pp. He had been cured by a mesmerist when traditional medicine had failed to help him. Van Swinden was an eminent physicist and first president of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands. The dating of this work is uncertain, but it is believed to be — Thouret was a member of the Royal Society of Medicine in Paris and one of the leading spokesmen of the opposition of that society to animal magnetism and the teachings of Mesmer.

In this work Thouret claims that his main concern is not to examine the details of cures being performed by animal magnetism, but to trace the history of the theory and practice of animal magnetism. He nevertheless clearly sides with those who reject animal magnetism as an illusion. Admitting that many persons of stature accept animal magnetism as an effective cure, Thouret uses his considerable erudition to show that such cures are not new and that Mesmer was simply the most recent of a long tradition of thinkers who posited a hidden power of nature that produces healing effects.

He cites Paracelsus, Kircher, Maxwell, and Fludd as examples of men who held views similar to those of Mesmer. He points out that he has been charged by the king to investigate the mineral and medicinal waters of the realm. The work describes successful treatment of various illnesses by animal magnetism. In this, the least memorable of his works on animal magnetism, Bell presents a confused physics of magnetism, animal magnetism, magnetic fluid, etc. A satirical confession of wrongs by a fictitious member of the commission that condemned animal magnetism. Here Bergasse announces the split that had opened between Mesmer and himself.

It is valuable for the information it provides about contemporary events concerning the fortunes of animal magnetism. The constitution for the Societies of Harmony which were to be set up all over France. Examen du Compte rendu par M. Testament politique de M. A pamphlet against Mesmer. The reference to a German original seems to be a literary fiction. De Bruno developed a theory of magnetic fluid that was similar to that of Mesmer whom he cites.

He posits one universal magnetic fluid, rather than many, which explains all physical phenomena. Oufroy, , 98 pp. Carra was a prolific writer in many fields, including that of physics. Carra gives his own somewhat convoluted physical and philosophical explanations about why this is so. Ouvrage mis au jour par M. The Aphorismes was a very popular book and went through many editions. A wide ranging study of phenomena that are analogous to animal magnetism.

The author covers everything from electricity and magnetism in the human body to the curative effects of music. His speculations on the nature of sympathetic cures are particularly interesting. An attempt to trace the historical antecedents of animal magnetism. Delandine works along the same lines as those pursued in his De la philosophie corpusculaire entry number A work opposing the brand of animal magnetism being practiced in Lyon by a number of practitioners associated with Freemasonry, particularly those under the leadership of the Chevalier de Barberin. He sees magnetic somnambulism as a state midway between waking and sleep, a state essentially the same as natural somnambulism, which had been widely recognized as a reality.

Fournel points out that the seemingly extraordinary phenomena associated with magnetic somnambulism, such as suggestibility and clairvoyance, have been noted for centuries in connection with natural somnambulism. Speaking of the sudden rise to popularity of magnetic somnambulism, he estimates the number of somnambulists in Paris and the provinces to be in the neighborhood of six thousand. Fournel makes a strong case for accepting magnetic somnambulism as a genuine phenomenon which deserves further study. A satirical treatise written in opposition to animal magnetism.

The author uses the popular interest in animal magnetism to advertize the use of medicinal baths and other approaches such as exercise and music to treat illnesses. However, there is very little about animal magnetism in the pamphlet. Its mention in the title was obviously just to arouse the curiosity of the reader. Mesmer counters that it was explicitly stated in their agreement with him that the doctrine of animal magnetism remains his property and that only he can determine how it is to be propagated. Apparently the earliest Italian book on animal magnetism, and there are no references to it in any of the bibliographical sources for animal magnetism.

He begins with something of an apology for writing a book on the subject of animal magnetism, a subject which is of questionable merit. He points out that some French commissions had already dismissed it as a matter of imagination. But since there are people in Italy, at Piedmont, who are nonetheless practicing it, something needs to be written in response.

Mullatera examines the background of magnetic medicine in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe, pointing out the similarity between the teachings of Mesmer and those of Paracelsus, Van Helmont and Fludd. For his contemporary sources he uses principally the reports of the commissions including that of Jussieu and the propositions of Mesmer. He finds animal magnetism to be of no particular value as a method of cure and places it in the category of useless, fantastic medical treatments. The first treatise to attempt to present a comprehensive theory of magnetic somnambulism. It was published in shortly after the essay of Fournel see entry number , which Tardy de Montravel knew and appreciated.

Like Fournel, he notes that since its modest beginnings at Buzancy in the previous year, the phenomena of magnetic somnambulism could now be found in Paris, Strasbourg, and throughout all the provinces of France. Tardy de Montravel had observed many somnambulists, but he bases his newly formulated theory of magnetic somnambulism chiefly on experiments he conducted with a certain Mademoiselle N. These qualities included the ability to diagnose her own illness and those of others and the ability to perceive clairvoyantly.

He also states that his Mademoiselle N. He held that this sixth sense proceeded from the stomach area and that somnambulists could see and hear with their stomachs. This work is one of the most important and influential early writings on magnetic somnambulism, being cited in nearly all treatises on the subject written before Imprimerie royale, , 74 pp. Mesmer que par M. A member of the very active Lyon branch of Freemasonry and a friend of the celebrated philosopher Louis Claude de Saint-Martin — , the Chevalier de Barberin developed a mystical and spiritualist type of animal magnetism that quickly influenced many practitioners in France.

The notion of a physical magnetic fluid was de-emphasized and a more psychological—even magical—view of animal magnetic action took its place. The magnetic passes were made without touching the body and there was much emphasis placed on magnetizing at a distance—even at very great distances. The importance of the will was emphasized, and the magnetizer was expected to be in tune with the patient in order sympathetically to diagnose and then heal the person.

He also truly believed in the pronouncements of his magnetic somnambulists, both for their usefulness in the healing process and for their spiritual messages. A description of cures and other phenomena associated with the somnambulist Madame de La Breteniere. Cures faites par M. This work is better known by the title of its second expanded edition: The author develops at length his notion of a sixth sense which is brought into operation in the magnetic state. Buchhandlung, , 96 pp.

Birnstiel was a well-known professor of medicine at Marburg; Baldinger was a physician. This collection of letters is one of the earliest German works that critically examines the nature of animal magnetism. In support of animal magnetism and one of the few works written by a woman in the early years of its history. Intrigued by a paper on animal magnetism written by Hoffman, Gmelin decided to experiment with this potential source of healing on his own patients.

In this work he presents detailed case histories of his magnetic treatments and draws preliminary conclusions about the nature of animal magnetism. Dorner, , 14 pp. Mouilleseaux proposes the establishment of a journal that will publish articles on the systematic and scientific study of animal magnetism a journal that never came into being. In the process of making his proposal, the author gives an informative picture of the present state of affairs with regard to animal magnetism.

He has a note on the phenomena of magnetic somnambulism that is one of the best summaries of that subject of the time. Petetin describes a number of cases of hysteria that he treated through the induction of magnetic somnambulism. He believed that certain hysterics spontaneously enter somnambulistic states and that magnetic somnambulism could be better understood through the experiences of these patients. He, like Tardy de Montravel before him, believed that somnambulists could see and hear from the stomach area. These letters have become rather rare. Der Beobachter des thierischen Magnetismus und des Somnambulismus.

The author writes with the purpose of bringing a balance to the controversy for and against animal magnetism. He says that he has himself observed errors of judgment and unfounded conclusions reached by the supporters of animal magnetism, but this should not serve to lead to the condemnation of that doctrine. What is needed, he says, is a balanced and careful investigation of the facts, not a wholesale dismissal of the phenomenon because of admitted shortcomings in some of its supporters.

Villers was a member of the society of harmony of the Metz artillery regiment associated with that of the Marquis at Strasbourg. His highly philosophical theory of animal magnetism was clearly influenced by that of the Lyon school of the Chevalier de Barberin. This work is a novel, but is as much a theoretical treatise on animal magnetism as it is a work of fiction. An important writing in the history of animal magnetism and psychotherapy, it develops a definite psychology of the relationship between magnetizer and magnetized.

Villers does not seem to believe in the existence of a magnetic fluid—at least he does not place any importance upon a physical agent in the action of animal magnetism. Rather he sees animal magnetism as the work of the soul, a spiritual entity, which makes use of the will to bring about the desired curative effects.

Villers mentions two different kinds of suggestion at work in the relationship between magnetizer and patient: He believed that patients must put their trust in the magnetizer, opening themselves completely to his influence, and he in turn must exercise a familial benevolence towards them. This work has a curious publication history. Today only one copy of the first edition is extant.

As he states in his preface, he made some changes, but left the work principally intact.

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The new version was published in two-volume form Paris: In any case the second edition is extremely rare. Treuttel, , 54 pp. He compares Mesmer to Galileo and Harvey whose important discoveries were rejected by their contemporaries. He then sets out a proposal for a course of study of animal magnetism, highlighted by an investigation of the physics, chemistry and metaphysics of magnetism. The proposed course would also deal with the practical application of animal magnetism to healing and with procedures to be used for different cases. Within this framework he suggests an examination of the effects of magnetic somnambulism, particularly questioning the accuracy of the medical pronouncements of somnambulists.

The Author, , 38 pp. Bell states that he then developed his own practice of animal magnetism, and it is from these experiences that he writes the present treatise. Bell finds magnetic somnambulism the most interesting aspect of animal magnetism because the phenomena it produces are so striking. This is the first lengthy discussion of magnetic somnambulism written in English. Byron, , 36 pp. Henri Vincent, , 61 pp. Couturier, , pp. Lo-Looz was a Belgian physician who was also a spiritual philosopher.

This book devotes about sixty pages to animal magnetism, a phenomenon which the author claims to have known about before Mesmer. Lo-Looz also finds hints in the writings of the Chinese that they had long known about animal magnetism. A treatise containing pronouncements on spiritual matters by a magnetic somnambulist, along with prescriptions for how to apply animal magnetism. One of the earliest German treatises on animal magnetism. Acknowledging that more often than not animal magnetism has been a subject of ridicule, Meiners undertakes to present enough information about it to convince the reader that it is a respectable subject of inquiry.

He concentrates on animal magnetism as a healing art and describes the method to be used in magnetizing and the marks that characterize the magnetized state, emphasizing that this state has a remarkable power to bring about healing in the physical organism.

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In the process of examining this healing power, Meiners describes in detail a number of interesting case histories. Goschen, , pp. His comments are highly critical of the position taken by members of the Swedish society. He objects to the basically religious orientation of their explanation of the phenomena of animal magnetism, their belief that supernatural and spirit forces are at work. This even-handed and well-written work is one of the best discussions of the problems of occult interpretations of magnetic phenomena to appear before The Exegetic and Philanthropic Society of Stockholm was founded to study and promote the teachings of Emmanuel Swedenborg — , a visionary and intellectual of great influence.

The theory of animal magnetism, and especially the experiences connected with magnetic somnambulism, were very attractive to this society and it incorporated them into its world view. It is not surprising that the Swedish society found the writings of the Strasbourg society, oriented as they were to the psychological and moral aspects of magnetic somnambulism, congenial to its philosophical framework. The Stockholm society believed that supernatural and spirit forces were at work in the creation of disease and so must be involved in the cure.

The Stockholm Society attempted to show that this Swedenborgian view of illness was the only reasonable way to explain the phenomena of animal magnetism and magnetic somnambulism. Dieterich, , 44 pp. Written to obtain a degree in medicine and surgery, this is an interesting but very abbreviated list of works on animal magnetism. It cites the title of the work, place of publication, and number of pages. Its greatest value is that it lists periodical articles on animal magnetism and also gives locations of periodical reviews of the books mentioned. Wagstaff, , 17 pp. Cooke, for The Author, , 9 pp.

Pfahler, , pp. Rahn states that he has studied the writings on animal magnetism and has not discovered anything essentially new. Rather he has found a revision of old opinions about a universal world spirit that also exists in the human body. This universal world spirit not only produces the general mutual influence between all bodies, heavenly and earthly, but also produces the special sympathy between one man and another, and is, in the last analysis, the bond between body and soul.

Historical Introduction

Rahn notes there is a remarkable connection between individuals who are magnetized at the same time and he relates this connection to the old, well-known notion of natural sympathy. But he says that people must be willing to learn what new things the magnetists have to teach them, and, with the idea of an animal magnetic material, perhaps something novel has been added to traditional knowledge of the phenomena.

Stockdale, , 70 pp. One of the earliest British works on animal magnetism. Martin believed magnetizers to be mere hustlers drumming up business with empty promises of cure.

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With Notes and Appendix by the Editor. Stratford, , 51 pp. The author casts a skeptical eye on the purported effectiveness of animal magnetism in curing illness. The author emphasizes the importance of a good will for effective treatment. An attempt to look at the questions of animal magnetism and animal electricity from a physiological point of view. The author tends to downplay the importance of the effects of animal magnetism, although he admits it does exist, and to emphasize the importance of animal electricity.

A Ballad, with Explanatory Notes and Observations: Gesammelt und herausgegeben von dem Hofrath von Eckhartshausen. Marat, , 40 pp. Florentii Jacobi Voltelen Oratio de magnetismo animali: The most influential of the early British works on animal magnetism. Bell was trained in animal magnetism at the Paris Society of Harmony and at the beginning of the book includes a reproduction of a certificate of fellowship signed by Bergasse, Kornman, and others.

Bell uses his own terminology to describe the phases of animal magnetism. He also emphasizes the importance of the will in the process of magnetization and even mentions the ability to will an absent person into the magnetic state. Bell used this book as a sort of written manual to supplement lectures on the subject of animal magnetism that he delivered throughout Britain. Riflessioni sul magnetismo animale-fatte ad oggetto di illuminare i suio cittadini aveudolo trovato salutare in molti mali.

Constante Cordialita, , pp. A Key to Physic, and the Occult Sciences. A handbook for health practice that combines occult procedures with medical electricity and animal magnetism. The book contains some remarkable plates depicting these practices. Benjamin Perkins was the son of the American doctor Elisha Perkins — who developed a healing technique involving the use of metallic tractors. The approach in some way resembled that used by the practitioners of animal magnetism; partly because of that, it received a hostile reception from the American medical establishment.

Benjamin took up the cause, promoting the tractors in the United States and England. Certificates of the Efficacy of Dr. Elisha Perkins was an American physician who developed a healing technique involving the use of metallic tractors. The approach in some way resembled that used by the practitioners of animal magnetism.

Only George Washington, because of the request of his friend Lafayette, gave it any kind of a hearing through a brief correspondance with Mesmer. These devices were made of dissimilar metals, gold and silver, and were approximately three inches in length. His son Benjamin was more vocal about theoretical issues see his Influence of Metallic Tractors. This collection of certificates simply testifies to the efficacy of the tractors. See Elisha Perkins, Certificates of the Efficacy.

Observations of Animal Electricity. In Explanation of the Metallic Operation of Dr. Smyth, , 32 pp. An attempt to explain the efficacy of the metallic tractors of Elisha Perkins see the works of Elisha and Benjamin Perkins in terms of animal electricity. The Lectures of J. De Mainauduc received his medical training and set up his medical practice in London. In the Lectures, he says that this Science of healing is not new, but has been practiced by physicians for two hundred fifty years.

He bemoans the false philosophies that have over the ages become associated with this healing power. Lately Discovered by Dr. Johnson, and Ogilvy and Son. See earlier works by Elisha Perkins and his son entries — By medical and Other Respectable Characters. The editor is the son of Elisha Perkins who invented the metallic tractors described here. He hopes that the present treatise will correct mistaken notions and clarify the relationship of animal magnetism to the principles of physics. He also undertakes to explain the phenomenon of somnambulism and its place in the practice of animal magnetism.

In his description of the physics of animal magnetism, Mesmer reasserts his mechanical view of what takes place. Everything is explained in terms of matter and motion. The magnetic fluid is composed of infinitesimally small particles that move in streams. Health and disease are the result of the free or blocked flow of those streams. Taking up the subject of somnambulism, Mesmer states that it is a phenomenon known throughout history. He insists that traditional occult interpretations of these things are mistaken and disclaims any connection with those of his followers who have gone in that direction.

In it the commissioners express their concern about potential misuses of animal magnetism, particularly the possible sexual arousal of female subjects by male magnetizers. Although the report contains some false information that it is always men who magnetize women , it does give an accurate picture of the procedures: The commission states that the patient does not simply regard the magnetizer as a physican; he is, after all, still a man.

The report also points out that often the female subject experiences an ecstasy of sorts when in the magnetic crisis, a buildup of emotions which is followed by a languor and a kind of sleep of the senses. The emphasis of the commission is on not only the danger of overt sexual acts performed by the magnetizer, but also the fact that the process may well awaken sexual passions latent in the female patient which she will then seek to fulfill in fornication or adultery. Exemplified by Fictitious Tractors, and Epidemic Convulsions.

Haygarth, a physician of Bath, and a friend, William Falconer, undertook to test the efficacy of the metallic tractors of Elisha Perkins see entry numbers — in treating ill patients. They used wooden tractors painted to look like the metallic ones and discovered that the wooden ones were just as effective as the metallic ones. The experiments are described in this book. Ideen und Beobachtungen den thierischen Magnetismus und dessen Anwendung betreffend. London, Bath and Edinburgh: Johnson, Cadell and Davies, etc.

A description and defense of the use of the metallic tractors of Elisha Perkins — written by his son. To Which are Prefixed, Prefatory Remarks. A description of supernatural occurrences in the eighteenth century. The work is an important attempt to assemble facts related to paranormal events in an effort to explain them.

Also Advice to Those who Visit the Sick. Winter did not believe in the efficacy of animal magnetism to cure disease; he had tried it himself with no success. He did believe that imagination could play a part in producing results. A section written by De Mainauduc is entitled: Heilkraft des thierischen Magnetismus nach eigenen Beobachtungen. Wienholt was a physician from Bremen who began his magnetic practice in when, along with a Dr. Olbers, he healed a nineteen-year-old girl of a severe nervous condition. His practice of animal magnetism lasted for more than fifteen years, and this master work spans that whole period.

After outlining abrief history of animal magnetism in Germany and describing the details of his own magnetizing process, Wienholt unfolds a panorama of his healing career from Many of the cases he presents are nervous disorders, ranging from epilepsy to hysterical loss of voice. The third volume, posthumously published, contains a collection of seven lectures on the nature of somnambulism, and seven more lectures on the physics of the living body. The lectures on somnambulism were translated by J. Colquhoun Seven Lectures on Somnambulism, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, ; see entry number A work claiming that the practitioners of animal magnetism were subject to demoniacal and occult influences.

Case histories of individuals treated by the metallic tractors of the American doctor Elisha Perkins see entries — There is a second edition, in two volumes, that appears in Aus den literarischen Nachlass des Verfassers besonders abgedruckt. Seven Lectures on Somnambulism. Adam and Charles Black, After two chapters on electrical machines and galvanism, the author deals with the subject of magnetic somnambulism and its power to cure illnesses. He presents cases of his own in which this treatment has been successful. There seems to have been a much shorter version of this work published the same year.

Among them is a most interesting letter from the brother of the Marquis, Maxime, who describes procedures to be used when many magnetizers are operating at one time under the leadership of a chief magnetizer who sets the tone for the whole group. He also mentions the necessity for a magnetizer to keep control of individuals in magnetic crisis through the use of his will.

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Treuttel et Wurtz, , pp. Judel devotes a part of this work to animal magnetism, which he sees as a useful medical tool. Born in Westphalia, Germany, Jung-Stilling was raised in a pious Christian home and dreamed of becoming a preacher. Instead he became a physician and eventually professor at the universities of Heidelburg and Marburg. The important Theorie attempts to unify the data of animal magnetism and somnambulism within a far reaching spiritualistic philosophy.

The author takes up issues such as the state of the soul after death, visions and apparitions, presentiments and prophecy, and other spiritistic matters. He discusses the higher states of somnambulism which make the world of the spirits accessible to those still in the body and thereby anticipates a whole body of literature that would combine these various concerns some forty years later.

Jung-Stilling was strongly influenced by Swedenborg but also conducted his own experiments with somnambulism. Apologie der Theorie der Geisterkunde. Raw, , 77 pp. Here he writes about the notion of Hades or Scheol. Otherwise, the work contains nothing basically new. This periodical was published in Berlin and edited by Karl Christian Wolfart — Sympathy, Hufeland says, causes thoughts and feelings to be held in common by the two, and even muscular action is communicated to the somnambulist by the muscular movement of the magnetizer.

Versuch einer Darstellung des animalischen Magnetismus, als Heilmittel. One of the most researched and widely read early German works on animal magnetism. The assistant of Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland entry number , Kluge carried out magnetic treatments on the patients of his mentor, but his book deals mainly with experiments and theories of other magnetizers. A treatise on the medical use of magnets with favorable mention of animal magnetism. A significant study of natural and magnetic somnambulism by the discoverer of the latter.

Ordinarily natural somnambulism follows upon sleep. Artificial somnambulism, on the other hand, is produced through the application of the techniques of animal magnetism. This book also examines the faculties exhibited by individuals in the somnambulistic state, providing many case histories as illustrations.

Hallischen Waisenhauses, , 78 pp. Again, his intention is to remove any superstitious or religious elements in the explanation of somnambulism and to explain it in terms of his mechanistic theory of animal-magnetic fluid. He states that these phenomena have been recognized in all ages. Mesmer explains how these things are possible with a purely mechanical theory of physiology and the action of the magnetic fluid over a distance. An important collection of articles on animal magnetism accompanied by the official reports of the two French commissions of , including the secret report concerning potential moral abuses of animal magnetism.

The publication history of this and subsequent related works deserves a special note. Later in this latter work was republished in one volume with Les fous. He experienced severe headaches and would fall into fits of weeping and moaning while hitting his head against the wall, sometimes even attempting to throw himself from windows. The boy was a good subject, immediately falling into states of somnambulism. The magnetic treatment became a veritable psychotherapy, involving long conversations, revelations of secrets in the state of magnetic somnambulism, and even the analysis of dreams.

Alexandre, who had been troubled from age four, eventually underwent a relatively complete cure, with only certain memory problems remaining. He held that the disturbed person was in a state of disorder precisely because he or she was caught in a magnetic rapport with someone no longer present Alexandre, for instance, maintained a hidden rapport with his mother. A note on animal magnetism written in the form of a critique of a letter by Morisson see entry number Deleuze is a central figure in the history of animal magnetism.

After serving as a lieutenant in the French infantry, he decided to devote himself to the study of the natural sciences, eventually becoming assistant naturalist of the Garden of Plants in Paris and secretary to the association of the Museum of Natural History. Deleuze was highly respected by his contemporaries as a great scholar with a balanced approach to scientific issues. However, when a respected friend of Deleuze went to see Mesmer and was then able to induce somnambulism, Deleuze decided to visit his friend and find out for himself.

He was impressed with the demonstration and began to pursue his own study of animal magnetism.

In the process of depicting the history, Deleuze also conveys a great deal of information about the theory and practice. In his presentation, he pays a great deal of attention to detail and strives to be objectively fair. Although a partisan of animal magnetism, Deleuze does not close his eyes to legitimate criticism. The Histoire is about as balanced a treatment as one could find from a man who was engaged in a daily practice of that art.

Strombeck writes about a seventeen-year-old girl whose attacks of hysterical trance were cured through the use of magnetic sleep. This book is an important contribution to the history of psychotherapy. This in turn was continued as: Marks, , 34 pp. According to Tischner Franz Anton Mesmer, p. This error has somehow been perpetuated by many modern libraries. It is divided into two parts: In his explanations, Mesmer is consistent with the mechanistic approach he held from the beginning.

In the universe there are two primary essences—matter and motion. The second part examines the implications of animal magnetism for the moral life. Based on the central notion of universal magnetic harmony, much expounded by Bergasse, Mesmer draws conclusions about the true nature of morality, freedom, social life and religious worship.

He did not go along with the common theory of animal magnetism, and he was slow to accept its genuineness.

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However, he took this position not as one who had experimented in the field, but as a critic of the literature. This book is his major work in the field of animal magnetism. The tremendously influential works of the Age of Enlightenment from the pen of Voltaire in a concise edition. These are delightful and wise tales with philosophical meaning and rooted in the desire to make the world a better place to live.

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