Sei passi nella nebbia (Italian Edition)

---

Masculine nouns beginning with: Simply extend the vowel. Which endings to use vary with stress. Stress is the emphasis of a syllable in a word, and plays an important role in Italian. Generally, stress in Italian words falls on the second-to-last syllable. However, these two words are also examples of words that are not differentiated in written Italian with accents. For example, words in which the final syllable is accented and therefore stressed , the words do not change when pluralized.

Words ending in consonants primarily loanwords do not change when pluralized as well. I eat an apple. The changes are listed below. Un panino - Un applies to everything else. Feminine Una mela - Only used for nouns beginning with a consonant. There are no plural versions of the indefinite articles, but are expressed by the partitive articles, which will be covered later.

Some other rules for determining whether a word is masculine or feminine, when not given enough context: It is reasonable to guess that nearly any word that ends in -ma is a word of Greek origin, except for words such as la mamma. Conjunctions Conjunctions are words like and and or. In Italian, they may change depending on the words that come after them. The second conjugated verb indicates the conjugation to use when referring to plural things. To negate the statement, just add non to the beginning of the sentence.

To change the subject, the person who is liking something, you use one of the pronouns from the following table and replace mi with one of them. Mi piace giocare con il mio giocattolo. I like to play with my toy. It pleases me to play with my toy. Non mi piacciono le carote. Carrots do not please me. Conjugate the following verbs in all six forms.

Pluralize the following singular nouns. Express a like and dislike for ten different words from the vocabulary list, pluralizing some of the nouns. School In this chapter, you will discuss your classes in your school, and also learn about the school system in Italy, and the values towards education in the process. Pictured to the left, the Colosseum is often considered a place of pilgrimage for aspiring architects and engineers, who regard it as a an ancient artistic and technical marvel, and consider it a great learning experience.

Knowing the way the Italian school system works will be an invaluable tool, especially for those aiming to study abroad in Italy. Learn to count in Italian, and be able to tell the time. Learn about the Italian school system and the evolution of education in Italy. Learn common irregular verbs in the present indicative tense, three ways to say to leave, how to use adjectives in Italian, and how to use possessive adjectives.

First, for men, you use signore, regardless of being married or not. For women, you use signora for married women, and signorina for unmarried women. The adjective endings change based on number and gender as well, the same way nouns do. The ending in parentheses after some adjectives is to denote the change when made feminine. Additionally, some adjectives are also adverbs, depending on the context. If the word is being used as an adverb, do not change the ending; leave it in its masculine form. To make numbers beyond 10 ordinal numbers, you drop the final vowel, and add -esimo.

There are two classes of verbs: The difference is that a transitive verb describes an action that acts upon a direct object, and an intransitive verb does not. I dislike pears; In this instance, dislike is transitive, because pear is the direct object. I go to bed; In this instance, the act of going to bed has no direct object, and therefore is intransitive.

Direct objects must be nouns or actions. In Italian, there are verbs that differ in usage based on whether they are transitive or intransitive, but they are rare. Following is a list of commonly used irregular verbs. Partire is used in the sense of to leave, whereas uscire is used more to mean to exit. These two verbs are intransitive, and must be used with a preposition, as such. Lasciare is a transitive verb, used without a preposition. If you were to say that they are leaving New York, there are technically three ways to do so.

Io parto di Nuova York. Uncommon usage Io lascio Nuova York. These are verbs such as capire and finire. Possessive Clauses To express ownership of something, in Italian, you use one of six adjectives. The structure for the possessive clause: The following table shows the adjectives. Si chiama il suo avvocato Lorenzo. Some idiomatic expressions also omit the definite article, such as: Mia sorella ha tre anni. My sister is three years old. Be careful when writing possessives, as the gender of the possessive changes according to the gender of the possessed noun, not the gender of the possessor.

Telling Time In Italian, telling time is very simple. However, unlike English, where the time of day is divided into two periods, AM and PM, Italian separates the day into four periods. To indicate AM, attach di mattina to the time. For fractions of an hour, you give the whole hour first, and then the minutes elapsed past that hour. What time is it? Sono le tre e dieci di notte.

In , a law called the Legge Casati Casati Act was passed, which made primary education compulsory, in order to reduce illiteracy. Historically, Italy has been a center of higher education, even after the fall of Rome. The University of Bologna was the first university in all of Europe and in Italy.

The Catholic Church used to be in charge of the majority Italy was well known for having preserved the classics of Greek and Roman thinkers, such as Socrates, Plato, Virgil, and Livy. The study of the classics and the classical languages: Latin and Greek, was encouraged by the humanist movement umanesimo. Today, education has evolved into something more reminiscent of the Austrian and French systems, which changed dramatically with the advent of the industrial revolution, and the French Revolution in the latter. Italian primary education is identical to US primary education, although it includes mandatory instruction of English.

In la scuola secondaria di primo grado, lower secondary education, the students are required to take classes in technology and yet another language typically French, Spanish, or German in addition to extended studies in their primary education subjects. They must then sit through an exam at the end of the three-year period to be admitted to la scuola secondaria di secondo grado.

There are three types of scuola secondaria di secondo grado: Liceo, Istituto Tecnico, and Istituto Professionale. The licei are targeted toward the study of the arts and sciences. The istituti professionali are similar to the istituti tecnici, although they may be more specific in vocation course offerings, and enables students to start searching for a job immediately after receiving their diplomas.

These titles can only be conferred by nationally recognized universities. There are three Superior Graduate Schools, three Doctoral Colleges, and nine further university off-shoots not official universities , making for a total of fifteen eligible schools.

Incontro / Encounter

Esercizi di pratica A. Write out how the given time would be told in Italian. Write the following nouns in possessive clauses for each possessive adjective. Write the number associated with the given noun out in Italian. Note that the answers do not occur in order. Listen to the whole track before answering questions. This track is available on aspirantoflanguage. What classes does Lorenzo take? Health We think about what we eat and how we exercise every day. In this chapter, you will learn about the rich diversity of Italian cuisine, while also learning about how to discuss your own dietary and exercise habits.

Learn to discuss dietary and exercise habits, and explain why they help you maintain good health. Learn about the evolution of Italian cuisine in the North and South. Avere Expressions and Other Verbs tagliare - to cut also figuratively: Abbiamo bisogno di acqua. Ha sonno il bambino? Is the child sleepy? In southern regions of Italy, the verb tenere is used instead of avere with these expressions. However, in other parts of Italy, you should generally use avere, and use tenere for the following meanings: One of the most common uses of the verb is as an auxiliary verb. This means it is used to express other sentiments, that you could express using to be in English.

The list previously given can only be used in conjunction with people. Use essere for things that are not people. Even if I did that… or Even you can do it.. I ate an orange six years ago. Sono un membro della squadra de nuoto da tre anni. I have been a member of the swim team for three years. Commands The imperative is the form used for giving commands. The Negative Imperative To issue commands that tell someone not to do something, you add non before the infinitive of the verb for singular commands both formal and informal.

Share this article

For voi commands, you simply conjugate the verb in the voi form, and add non before it. Ragazzi, non mangiate i pasticcini prima di cena! The Body La parte del corpo - part of the body Il braccio - arm plural: Le orrechie La faccia - face Gli occhi - eyes Il sopracciglio - eyebrow pl. This phrase often takes the form: Sometimes, the partitive is expressed using qualche or alcuni.

The contraction of di and plural article implies that the object is countable, but the amount or number is undetermined. Using a singular article suggests that both the element and amount in question are uncountable. I want some a little pudding. Ho bisogno di comprare dei frutti. I have to buy some fruits. My dad made some grappa a grape-based pomace brandy at work.

Grappa is the uncountable element, so the amount in question is also uncountable, and therefore a singular article is used. Notice that di is combined with the definite article i, to create dei. The following table shows the pattern for these contractions. The pronoun can help convert longer sentences into shorter ones.

Voglio un pezzo a piece della torta. Lui ha quattro arance. He has four oranges. Italian Cuisine Italian cuisine as we know it in the United States is considerably different from the real cuisine in Italy. In reality, the divide between North and South also divides cuisine, and the variations are great. In addition, many of the ingredients in Italian cooking are not native to Italy, but rather, were introduced to it in the 18th century. These ingredients include potatoes, tomatoes, and corn introduced by the Spanish, who came by these foods through the New World and interactions with Britain as well as spinach, almonds, and rice from the Arabs.

Casseroles, stockfish, and salt cod were introduced by the Normans. The northern regions of Italy reflects a mix of Roman and Germanic influences, while the South has many Arab influences in its cooking. Both parts of Italy make extensive use of olive oil, fish, and various vegetables. Cheese is also a popular ingredient in Italy, although it is used sparingly as a condiment, and will only be used in large amounts when a recipe calls for it.

As you may know, Italy has a multitude of pastas of varying shapes and made of different ingredients. They are either dried pasta made without eggs , which can be preserved for long periods of time, or fresh pasta made with eggs , which must be consumed immediately. Sicilian cakes are lavish and decadent. In places like Piedmont, which is famous for its sweets made from chocolate, sweets are often filled, dipped, or are wholly chocolate, along with various dried fruits and nuts.

In the realm of beverages, Italy is world-famous for its drinking tradition, which comes from the Mediterranean tradition of moderation, and usually only includes wine, and only good wines at that. Prosecco, Cinzano, and Vermouth are popular wines enjoyed as aperitifs, alcohol consumed in order to stimulate the appetite. Italians also enjoy having multiple cups of coffee through the day, usually small cups of strong espresso in the morning, or a cappuccino, which usually is mostly milk, more sparingly. Children are usually only given latti, drinks consisting of mostly milk, and a little coffee.

The Italian dining tradition is a long process, as the food is meant to be enjoyed and savored. This is partly a respect to the cook, especially if the cook is a fellow diner, and also simply to enjoy the company. Meals are social occasions, and to eat quickly is to imply impatience, dissatisfaction with the food, and disapproval of the company. Long, drawn out meals are typical of Italian families, especially in the South, and particularly during festivals and other holidays.

The North is generally less traditional when it comes to eating in company. Italian meals consist first of aperitivi alcohol, usually wine , to stimulate the appetite. Then comes the antipasti appetizers; literally meaning before-meal , consisting of cold or hot foods. Following those are the primi, the first course consisting of pasta, risotto, gnocchi, or soup. The secondi are usually meat or fish dishes, served with contorni, side dishes of salads or cooked vegetables, traditionally accompanying the secondi.

Afterward, diners eat an assortment of cheeses and fruits as a first dessert, although some areas serve this part of the meal with the antipasti or the contorni. This finishes off the meal. If in a class, have the students bring in traditional dishes from different parts of Italy that are served as a part of large meals, barring the alcohol. The class will sit down for the meal, and try to discuss the food and the experience, all in Italian, if possible. Conjugate the given verb in all the present indicative forms and the imperative forms.

Make a diagram of the human body, and label all the body parts in Italian. Physical and Emotional Conditions The Italians are known to be an expressive and passionate people, both in action and in speech. In this chapter, you will learn to emulate this kind of expression in speech. Along with various body gestures, you will express many traits that you and others possess.

You can see how important emotions and physical conditions and traits were when depicting people in the bust, pictured below. Learn how to describe the personal or physical conditions of others and yourself. Learn the contractions of essential prepositions, how to truncate words, and the demonstrative pronouns.

Stare is used in auxiliary patterns, idiomatic expressions, and also to describe precise locations. Io sono uno studente. I am a student. Where is Maria now? Maria sta nel treno per Palermo. Maria is on the train to Palermo. You use stare in the last sentence, because you know for a fact where Maria physically is at that moment. Look at the table below for the rules.

It is especially common in poetry and song lyrics. This is characteristic of northern and southern dialects, but standardized, Florentine Italian does not do this, and enunciates each vowel. To imitate these dialects, to an extent, follow the pattern below. Hai bisogno di far lavoro di casa. Notice how fare is truncated to far. All you need to do is drop the terminating -e from the verb in question.

This also applies to nouns ending in -ore, -ire, -are, and -ere. That man is Doctor Emilio. The general rule is that if it sounds smoother without the terminating -e, then drop it. Prepositional Articles There are several prepositional articles in Italian, each of which denote a different kind of physical position. Six of them have inflections based on the definite article, and combined with a noun, they create prepositional clauses. The uses of each are listed below. These are a, in, and da. A is used to denote location in a city, small island, or other very specific location.

In, on the other hand, denotes location in a more general area, for countries, states, and such. However, da is used to denote the residence of a specific person. This is simply an idiomatic convention that needs to be obeyed. Io sono dal dottore. Vado da Lorenzo oggi.

Translate the given phrase into Italian, using the correct demonstrative pronouns. These blue books 2. This orange sunset 4. That sad man 5. This tired woman 6. These talented children 7. Those six people 8. This old man 9. These gray clouds These marvelous people B. Write a prepositional clause for the given noun for each adjective. Tourism and Travel In our lives, we hope to be able to travel for pleasure. However, within the cities of Italy, there also things that pose a threat to the people of Italy, and tourists. In this chapter, you will learn about both of these things.

Be able to discuss travel plans and experiences. Learn about the Italian traditions of Ferragosto and about the threats on Italian roadways of le stragi del sabato sera. Make use of affirmative and negative words, learn to use Indirect Object Pronouns IOPs , learn il Futuro Piccolo Little Future to express simple ideas that will occur in the future, the present progressive tense, and how to conjugate -urre verbs. The same rule applies to verbs ending -rre, being conjugated like porre. Indirect object pronouns IOPs are pronouns that express the notion of to someone or for someone.

When you want to express this notion, you use these pronouns. From here, you should be able to employ them with all sorts of other verbs. Put simply, IOPs receive an action indirectly. Give me the backpack. This applies to any command in the tu form that has an apostrophe after it, with any indirect object pronouns beginning with m or l. Indirect object pronouns are frequently used with verbs such as piacere, importare, infastidire to bother , or arrabbiare to anger.

Non mi importa nuotare. Mi infastidisce che tu mangi con la bocca aperta. It bothers me that you eat with your mouth open. All object pronouns can be attached to gerundives, infinitives, and commands. Nationalities and Countries Format: The Little Future To indicate the future tense without actually using it, you use andare as an auxiliary verb to do so. Until you learn the future tense, use this expression to express it. After learning the actual future tense, you will be expected to use the real future tense.

Vado a comprare gli alimentari. Che cosa vai a fare? What are you going to do? It should be noted that this usually implies a more immediate action something relatively near in the future , and once the future tense is learned, it should be used as such. Il Gerundio The gerundio gerund , or present progressive, expresses an action that is in the process of being done. This means attaching the ending -ing to a verb in English. The gerundive form is the verb stem combined with the endings designated for each kind of verb. You can also use this form in the following way.

Swimming, he saved his aunt. By swimming, he saved his aunt. It should be noted that the present tense often implies the present progressive tense, and the actual tense is used for emphasis. Ferragosto e le stragi del sabato sera Ferragosto is a national holiday for Italy, celebrated on August 15, and is usually heralded by many vacationers heading up to the mountains or down to the coast to relax.

People in Italy like to get away from the city, and appreciate the relative calm in towns and cities in natural settings. During this time, many of the businesses in the city close for the holiday, which can last for up to three days if it falls on a Tuesday or a Thursday. Other places hold paegants and games, such as in Tuscany, or processions in Abruzzo, or fireworks in Liguria.

Discuss a traditional celebration from your background that is very important in your culture. Talk about the similarities, if any, between it and Ferragosto. Le stragi del sabato sera are a series of accidents that have occurred in Italy among Italian youth. Under the influence of alcohol, Italian youth drive on expressways and participate in races, placing others on the road in danger. Drinking while driving has resulted in it becoming the leading cause of death among Italian youth. Italy has recently acquired a growing drinking problem among its younger generation, evidenced by the national age for the purchase of alcohol being only sixteen years old.

Older Italians disapprove of excessive drinking, and are not used to the change in the appreciation of alcohol, as they believe younger people seem to drink anything. Even bar owners acknowledge that there is a growing number of younger Italians drinking at Irish pubs, cocktail bars, and other venues only selling alcohol. The Italian-style bars that most tourists will see are of the Mediterranean drinking tradition, which is usually the restrained drinking of wine or other alcohol. Bars advertise two-for-one and three-for-two offers, which may attract Italian youth to experiment or participate more in drinking.

Some Italian cities have enacted measures that fine the parents up to euros. Compare attitudes in the United States and your own cultural background s regarding alcohol to those in Italy, both past and present. Translate the given phrase into Italian, using indirect object pronouns.

I give my mother a pizza. Give her the toy! You informal are telling Lorenzo. They give us pasta. We give them money. My mother is giving me my bike. You formal are translating for us. Give us the bread. Lorenzo is giving him his book. We are giving them our house. Write a sentence with the given subject and verb and use the present progressive, as well as vocabulary from the list. Mia mamma; cucinare 2. I ragazzi; camminare 4. Maria; suonare il clarinetto 6. Luca e i suoi amici; guardare il televisione 7. Tu e Giovanni; giocare il basket 8.

Tu; viaggiare a Spagna 9. Events and Celebrations Around the world, there are many different celebrations and events for all kinds of people, and Italy is no exception. From the masquerade balls of Venice to the many dances in the squares of Rome, Italy has a wide range of parties and festivals to accompany its holidays, religious and secular alike. The picture below shows the cathedral near the Leaning Tower of Pisa, in which many celebrations and events have taken place.

In this chapter, you will learn about these things in detail. Learn to discuss important events and celebrations. Learn about major Italian holidays and celebrations. Time Expressions and Days Il giorno - day a single unit of the month La notte pl. Sei mai venuto qui prima? Have you ever been here before? Eat dinner before dessert. Sto per chiamare a mia madre. Irregular Present Tense Conjugations: Following is a table of direct object pronouns for nouns. The same applies for Loro. The distinction can only be made in writing, where the latter set is capitalized.

When attaching the DOPs, you place it before the conjugated verb, or, if attaching it to an infinitive, drop the final -e, and attach the pronoun. Mi invita alle feste. He invites me to parties. Ho bisogno di invitarli. I have to invite them. In Italian, you must use the infinitive. I prefer speaking in English. I prefer to speak in English. Playing basketball is fun. To play basketball is fun. Il Passato Prossimo The verb tense passato prossimo is called the present perfect in English. This is a compound tense, and to form it you need a conjugated form of avere or essere and the past participle of a verb.

Similar authors to follow

The passato prossimo is used in the place of the true past tense, il passato remoto, and would be understood as such. The difference will be elaborated upon in the supplement. The past participle is the form of a verb, that, in English, typically takes on the ending -ed. The passato prossimo uses the present tense of avere or essere. Il Presidente dei Stati Uniti ha parlato al pubblico statunitense. They went on vacation to Europe.

Note that the past participle changes according to gender and number when used with essere. You use avere for transitive verbs and essere for intransitive verbs. La festa di Carnevale, i Re Magi, e la Befana Easily one of the best known Italian celebrations, Carnevale is effectively a party that lasts from January 6th, Epiphany to la Quaresima the beginning of Lent, a forty-day period during which Catholics abstain from indulgent things, such as eating sweets, drinking, or swearing.

Every region of Italy has its own variations on Carnevale: People also prepare many different kinds of dolci tradizionali. Similar to Los Reyes Magos in Spain and other Spanish-speaking nations, it is accompanied by a grand festival. Italians also celebrate the coming of La Befana, a kind old woman who is said to visit children and leave gifts on the Twelfth Night.

Rewrite the given sentence using a direct object. Sto mangiando le mele. Mio nonno scrive saggi di filosofia philosophy. Le ragazze hanno bevuto le sode. Le donne spagnole ballano il tango. Tu preferisci pasta alla carbonara. Voi avete pulito la camera. Chi fa la torta? Io sto cercando il mio orologio. Rewrite the given sentence with the passato prossimo. Faccio la torta per il Presidente del Consiglio the Prime Minister. La bambina siede nella sua sedia. Mi dai una carta. Adriana vuole suonare il suo violino oggi Hint: Alesso ed io giochiamo il basket.

Bevo il vino per la prima volta for the first time. Il mio amico ha bisogno di partire della festa in presto. Partecipi male nella sfilata di Carnevale? I miei nonni my grandparents vanno a messa Mass sotto Natale at Christmastime. Esercizio di leggere Read the following passage, and respond to the questions about it in Italian. Io refers to Alexander in this passage.

Ieri, Arianna ed io siamo andati alla festa del compleanno di Marcello. Molti dei nostri amici sono venuti, e ognuno gli ha dato un regalo. Invece instead , gli abbiamo dato un iPad per usare FaceTime per chiamare i suoi nonni. Arianna ed io abbiamo usato molti soldi dei i nostri salari from our salaries. Why was there a party? Where was the party held? What did Arianna and Alexander want to give Marcel? What did they give him instead, and how did Marcel react? Literary Language and Northern versus Southern Italy Il Passato Remoto The passato remoto, or the simple past, is one of two past tenses in Italian, that expresses an absolute event that occurred in the past.

This includes sentences like: I went to the market. However, this tense as fallen into disuse in areas outside of literature, and is only used in Sicily in modern day. These pronouns are egli he , ella she , and esso a it. The plural versions of the lattermost pronouns are used to mean them. Many countries, such as Mexico, India, or China, have historically significant divides between its northern and southern parts.

Such a thing is present even in the United States, where the distribution of people in society economically, socially, and politically is well-known to be irregular across the country. The difference between Northern and Southern Italy, in fact, is very similar to the difference between the American North and South in history, and to an extent, in the present. Northern Italy has always been the center of culture and changing ideas since the days of the Renaissance. It also had historically Germanic and French ties, having been under the control of Austria and France.

Northern Italy is generally more modern, and has been historically wealthier than than Southern Italy, being a huge industrial and financial center. On the other hand, Southern Italy is significantly more traditionalist, and conservative in its values. Southern Italians place more emphasis on honor, manners, and background, and to offend these virtues is considered a greater offense than in the North.

However, Southern Italians are extremely friendly, and tend to be very open people. And also, like in many Spanish- speaking countries, the family is considered very important. In Southern Italy, family members, even relatively distant ones, are very close-knit, making for large extended families. So Southern Italy has had more Spanish influence, and in spoken language, some parts of the South may even borrow words from Spanish. Yet at the same time, it was a distant province of Spain, and has largely retained its cultural identity in comparison to the North, which received many influxes of French and Germanic culture and language.

Economically, the South has been poorer than the North, due to highly agrarian roots, and because Spain, a highly conservative monarchy in its prime, occupied it, the region has adopted that conservatism. In comparison to the United States, Italians in general tend to be more reserved than Americans. Even though social activity like clubbing and dancing is common in Italy as it is in the US, there is a set of personal and emotional boundaries that is always considered in social interactions.

In Italy, women do not take kindly to very forward advances from men, and other Italian men can extremely protective, especially if the man and woman in question are family. The process of courtship is meant to be delicate and to be done with finesse, especially to the Italians. Family As in many European and South American countries, family is very important, and families in Italy are frequently large, and often include of extended relatives.

On the Spanish Steps, pictured below, numerous families gather on the steps, enjoying time together. In this chapter, you will learn about family values, while also learning to discuss your own. Learn the use of the imperfetto versus the passato prossimo. See section on Demonstrative Adjectives for modification rules. Maria ha divorziato da Lorenzo. The latter set of actions are called reciprocal actions, because each person involved does it to the other.

If the action is one sided, then you have to take away the reflexive pronoun. However, for ci, you can only drop the i if the verb begins with a weak vowel sound Ex. To attach a reflexive pronoun to the infinitive by dropping the final -e, and replacing it with one of the pronouns. Following is a table listing the reflexive pronouns. First, you need to understand what the imperfect is. This sentence depicts an action that happened continuously and repeatedly over a period of time.

Some cues for using the imperfect are listed below. One hundred years ago, there was a princess who was the most beautiful in the country. You can form the gerundio passato, or to say I was doing Stavo mangiando la pizza. I was eating the pizza. However, the imperfect by itself already expresses this notion.

An example is below. When we were eating dinner, my grandmother called. The call from my grandmother interrupted the action of eating dinner. When I visited my friend in Greece, I had fun. Superlatives and Comparatives A superlative is an adjective that describes a noun as being of the absolute highest degree of that quality. This means words like best, worst, tallest, or shortest. In spoken Italian, using the superlative is generally used for emphasis. When converting adjectives ending in -co, -go, -ca, and -ga, add an h before adding the -issimo a , in order to preserve the hard c and g sounds.

For regular superlatives, just add -issimo to the ending. Gender changes normally, even in the superlative form. The following table shows irregular forms of the given adjective. If they mean other things in other contexts, the adjective is made a superlative regularly.

The comparative clausal form of an adjective is used to compare two things, as you can guess. However, there are two forms of the phrase used to compare qualities or people. The first form uses di, while the second uses che. This teacher female is more intelligent than that teacher male. The parents are more reserved than energetic. Swimming is more fun than running. Gli italiani mangiano tante paste quante pane. The Italians eat as much pasta as they eat bread. This first example compares quantity, and is used for comparing nouns and actions.

When comparing actions, tanto can be omitted. The woman is as beautiful as her mother. This example compares quality, and is used for comparing adverbs and adjectives. The House La casa - house Il piano terra - ground floor Il piano primo, secondo, etc. Le donne Italy, while often romanticized as a place of peaceful rolling countrysides, and a lively nightlife, is rife with domestic violence.

Women are often threatened by their husbands and boyfriends. Many activists, not all necessarily female, have called out the Italian government for not taking adequate measures against this abuse, and have called for stricter enforcement of the laws protecting women and prohibiting domestic violence.

However, many of the centers for helping women in and recently out of abusive relationships have closed down due to lack of funding. This kind of abuse has been attributed to a history of paternalism in Italy, and until , things called honor-killings, murders of women and others said to have disgraced their families, were legal. Other offenses against women include the denial of the right to abortion, which, until , was highly contested by feminists and anti-clericalists.

Law guarantees women the right to have an abortion before the 90th day of pregnancy, or until the 5th month, but only for medical reasons, in public hospitals. The law also provides for the obligation of the consultori public health centers to help women in pregnancy, provide sex-related medical and other information. Many consultori are run by Catholic organizations, and the Catholic Church has been historically opposed to abortion.

The struggle for the right to decide has been argued by the feminist and pro-life movements for years, and hopefully, is nearing its resolution. Translate the given sentence into Italian, making correct use of the imperfetto and passato prossimo. I wrote essays for school when I was seventeen. My sister was a professional dancer when I was a child. Our grandparents went to the park today. While I was studying, my grandmother was cooking dinner for us.

The Giordano boys brought home the groceries this afternoon. When my brother came home, my sister and I were watching television. Your formal brother and I used to go for music lessons at Mrs. Were you informal and Christine at school today? Leonard and Alexandra got married in Translate the given sentence into Italian, and making correct use of reflexive pronouns.

Mary wants to marry Lucas in January. The two lovers gli amanti kissed at the wedding. When the brother and sister met, they hugged. At the family reunion riunione familiare , the sisters greeted each other. You informal and the child behave badly. She and I recovered from our injuries le ferite. You formal and Giovanni comb your hair every day. Translate the given sentence into Italian, making correct use of comparative clauses and superlatives. I am more intelligent than you informal. Are you formal as talented in music as Alexander?

He likes fruits more than vegetables. They play more sports than they play music. Jacob eats as much as his father. He thinks that chocolate cake is the worst dessert. Anna and Mary wanted to go to Venice more than Rome. This room is smaller than mine. Do you formal and George like meat more than pasta? Assemble a genealogical table of all your relatives, and try to sort them into a family tree, labeling them with terms from the vocabulary list.

Esercizio di ascoltare Listen to the track and answer questions about it. What is Anna now? How long has it been since they last met? What is Giselle now? Who used to live near their family house? The Arts In Italy, the arts have always been a major part of its culture. Several major composers and artists across the four eras of art were born in Italy. Italy has been a place for the classical study of the arts for centuries, and that tradition still persists today. Musicians, artists, and historians from all over the world still come to Italy to learn from the immense cultural heritage the nation possesses.

Learn to discuss the arts at length and in the contexts of different periods and styles. Learn about the attitudes toward cultural preservation in Italy. Learn about irregular past participles and how to use double objects and the passive voice. This means sentences such as: Give it to me! The table after the example details contractions of direct and indirect object pronouns.

It is also important to note that these contractions become parts of single words when used with commands, infinitives, and gerunds. Why are you giving it to him? Do it for me. Lui va a comprarcela. Below is list of words with irregular past participles and irregular conjugations in general. However, irregular conjugations will continue to be listed. The passive version of a sentence essentially changes the order to OVS, emphasizing the object receiving the action from the subject. Look at the example below. I turisti comprano biglietti. This sentence emphasizes the subject doing the action to the object.

Biglietti sono comprati dai turisti. Tickets are bought by tourists. You can use essere and venire. The use of essere suggests that the object frequently or habitually receives the action. Tickets in general, not any specific tickets, are bought by tourists on a regular basis, after all.

On the other hand, if the tickets in question are of specific kind, those tickets are only available for a set time, so you could use venire as you do in the following example. I biglietti a Spagna vengono comprati. The tickets to Spain are being bought. This case is called a dynamic passive, which describes a process being done. The former case is called a static passive, which describes a process in general. They discourage the purchase of potentially fraudulent art, and defend important artistic and cultural assets that Italy has from those who would tarnish it.

The photographs are examples of important pieces of Italian artistic heritage. Rewrite the given sentence using double objects. Sto scrivendo una lettera a mia sorella. Nostra figlia vuole suonare la sonata per noi. Signora Costa ha dato il giocattolo al suo nipote.. Hanno inviato i inviti a voi. Tu sai che Arianna sta comprando vestiti per Loro. Il prete the priest ha condotto il servizio religioso per il pubblico. Do messaggi al Presidente del Consiglio. Translate the given sentence in Italian, making correct use of irregular past participles.

I put the bowl of salad on the table. Did you informal read J. My mother closed the door before going shopping. He told his friend female that he was going on vacation. Hail, Macbeth, Thane of Cawdor! Hail, Macbeth, King of Scotland! Do these happy prophecies make you tremble? You will be lesser than Macbeth and yet greater! Not so happy as he, but happier! Not king, but the father of kings! Long live Macbeth and Banquo! Long live Banquo and Macbeth!

Macbeth - Giuseppe Verdi - Libretto in Italian with translation in English - www.farmersmarketmusic.com

And you will be king before them. Il tuo signore Sir t'elesse di Caudore. Ma quel sire ancor vi regge! Mi si promette dal terzo un trono. Pensier di sangue, d'onde sei nato? Brave Macbeth, your lord has made you Thane of Cawdor. But that Thane is still living! Struck down by the law he has died on the block. The third promises me a crown. But why do I feel my hair standing on end? Where has this thought of blood come from? Fate offers me a crown which I will not stretch out my hand to snatch.

Why has Macbeth taken this news so coldly? Why does he show no pleasure? We shall come together again when we hear the crash of thunder. We await destiny's fulfilment amid the witches'sabbath. Macbeth will return, we shall see him there and our oracle will speak to him. Atrio nel castello di Macbeth che mette in altre stanze. Lady Macbeth leggendo una lettera.

Lady Macbeth reading a letter. Stupito io n'era per le udite cose; Quando i nunzi del Re mi salutaro Sir di Caudore, vaticinio uscito Dalle veggenti stesse Che predissero un serto al capo mio. Racchiudi in cor questo segreto. Alla grandezza aneli, Ma sarai tu malvagio? Accendere Ti vo' quel freddo core! Accetta il dono, Ascendivi a regnar.

I was stunned at what I heard; when the King's messengers hailed me Thane of Cawdor, it fulfilled a prophecy those seers had made. They also predicted a crown for my head. Keep this secret in your heart. You long for greatness, but will you be wicked enough? The road to power is filled with crimes, and woe to him who sets an uncertain foot upon it and retreats! I wish to light a fire in your cold heart! I shall give you the courage to carry out this bold undertaking. The prophetesses promise you the throne of Scotland. Accept the gift, mount the throne and reign. Al cader della sera il Re qui giunge.

Trovi accoglienza quale un re si merta. The King will come here this evening. Is Macbeth with him? He is accompanying him. My lady, the news is certain. Let him find a reception which a king deserves. The servant goes out. Or tutti sorgete, ministri infernali, Che al sangue incorate, spingete i mortali! Tu, notte, ne avvolgi di tenebre immota. Qual petto percota non vegga il pugnal. Duncan will be here? Spend the night here?

Arise, all the agents of hell that rouse mortals to bloody acts! Night, wrap us In motionless darkness. Do not let the knife see The breast which it strikes. Fra poco il re vedrai. Mai non ci rechi il sole un tal domani. E se fallisse il colpo? Lieto or lo vieni ad incontrar con me. Soon you will see the King. And when will he leave? May the sun never bring that tomorrow. What are you saying? Do you not understand? And if the blow should fail? It will not fail if you do not waver. Sounds of celebration are heard. Now come and greet him cheerfully with me. Musica villereccia, la quale avanzandosi a poco a poco annuncia l'arrivo del Re.

Sounds of folk-like music are heard, coming nearer, announcing the arrival of the king. Sappia la sposa mia che, pronta appena La mia tazza notturna, Vo' che un tocco di squilla a me lo avvisi. Tell my wife that as soon as My night drink is ready I wish to be alerted by a bell. Mi si affaccia un pugnal! L'elsa a me volta? Se larva non dei tu, ch'io ti brandisca. Mi sfuggi, eppur ti veggo! A me precorri Sul conuso cammin che nella mente Di seguir disegnava! Solco sanguigno la tua lama irriga! Ma nulla esiste ancor. Odesi un tocco di campana E' deciso. E' squillo eterno Che nel cielo ti chiama o nell'inferno.

Entra nelle stanze del Re. Is this a dagger I see before me? The hilt turned to me? If you are not a dream, let me grasp you. You fly from me, and yet I can see you! You run ahead of me along the unclear path which my mind intended to follow! The blade is streaked with blood! Only my bloody imagination gives it shape and presents a dream to my eyes as a reality. On one half of the world nature now is dead. Now the murderer creeps like a phantom through the shadows. Now the witches consummate their secrets.

Stay hushed at my steps. A bell rings It is decided. That bell invites me! Do not hear it, Duncan. It is a knell That summons you to heaven or to hell. Regna il sonno su tutti. Risponde il gufo al suo lugubre addio! Ch'ei fosse di letargo uscito Pria del colpo mortal? Sleep reigns over everyone. The owl responds To his mournful farewell.

What if he was roused from his sleep before the fatal blow? La precedente, Macbeth stravolto con un pugnale in mano. Si avvicina a Lady e le dice sottovoce: Del gufo udii lo stridere. Storna da questo il ciglio Nel sonno udii che oravano I cortigiani, e: Allora questa voce m'intesi nel petto: Avrai per guanciali sol vepri, o Macbetto! Il sonno per sempre, Glamis, uccidesti! Ma dimmi, altra voce non parti d'udire? Sei vano, o Macbetto, ma privo d'ardire: Glamis, a mezz'opra vacilli, t'arresti, Fanciul vanitoso, Caudore, tu se'.

Quell'animo trema, combatte, delira. Chi mai lo direbbe l'invitto che fu? Le sue guardie insanguinate. Che l'accusa in lor ricada. Strappa dalle mani di Macbeth il pugnale, ed entra nelle stanze del Re. It is all over. My fated lady, did you not hear murmuring, as I did? I heard the shriek of an owl. What did you say a moment ago? I thought I heard you just now. While I was coming down? Tell me, who is sleeping in the side room?

I heard the courtiers praying in their sleep. God be with us always, they said. I wanted to say Amen but the rebellious word froze on my lips. Why could I not say that Amen? Such foolishness, but the first light of day: Then I heard a voice within me saying: O Macbeth, you will have only thorns for a pillow. Glamis, you have murdered sleep for ever. Cawdor, you will never sleep again.

But tell me, did you not seem to hear another voice? You are bold, Macbeth, but have no daring. You hesitate halfway, Glamis, and stop. Cawdor, you are a conceited child. I shall hear Duncan's holy virtues thunder vengeance at me like angels of wrath. His spirit is trembling, struggling and raving. Who would ever call him the unconquered man he was? Smear his guards with blood so that they will be accused.

I cannot go back in! Give me the knife. Ogni rumore mi spaventa! Si guarda le mani Oh! Non potrebbe l'Oceano Queste mani a me lavar! Every noise alarms me! Looking at his hands Oh, this hand! The ocean could not wash my hands clean! Non ti vinca un vil timor. Oh, potessi il mio delitto Dalla mente cancellar!

Deh, sapessi, o Re trafitto, L'alto sonno a te spezzar! Parte trascinato da Lady. My hands are stained too. A sprinkle of water and they will be c1ean again. The deed too will pass into oblivion. We must remove all suspicion from the murderer. Don't be defeated by fear. Oh, if only I could wipe my crime from my mind! O murdered King, if only I could rouse you from your deep sleep. Lady Macbeth drags him off. Di destarlo per tempo il Re m'impose: Qui m'attendete, o Banco. Entra nella stanza del Re. The King ordered me to waken him early, and it is already late.

Wait here for me, Banquo. He goes into the King's chamber. Oh, qual orrenda notte! Per l'aer cieco lamentose voci, Voci s'udian di morte. Oh what an awful night! Mourning voices were heard in the blind air, voices of death. The bird of ill omen moaned gloomily and the earth was felt to shake. Banco entra precipitoso nella stanza del Re Correte! In there, see for yourself. I cannot say it! Banquo rushes into the King's chamber Hurry! Esce spaventato Oh noi perduti! Schiudi, inferno, la bocca ed inghiotti Nel tuo grembo l'intero creato; Sull'ignoto assassino esecrato Le tue fiamme discendano, o Ciel.

O gran Dio, che ne' cuori penetri, Tu ne assisti, in te solo fidiamo; Da te lume, consiglio cerchiamo A squarciar delle tenebre il vel! L'ira tua formidabile e pronta Colga l'empio, o fatal punitor; E vi stampi sul volto l'impronta Che stampasti sul primo uccisor. King Duncan has been murdered!

Open your mouth, hell and swallow all creation in your womb. Heaven, let your flames fall on the unknown, detestable murderer. God, you can look into our hearts, aid us, we trust in you alone. We look to you for light and counsel to tear through the veil of darkness. Deadly castigator let your formidable, ready anger take the villain and mark his head as you marked that of the first murderer. Act 2 Top Act 1 Act 3.

Macbeth pensoso, seguito da Lady Macbeth. A room in the castle. Macbeth enters, deep in thought, followed by Lady Macbeth. Veraci Parlar le maliarde, e re tu sei. Ma le spirtali donne Banco padre di regi han profetato. Dunque i suoi figli regneran? Ma vita immortale non hanno.

Ah si, non l'hanno! Al venir di questa notte. Immoto sarai tu nel tuo disegno? Why are you avoiding me, and why do I always see you sunk deep in thought? The deed cannot he undone. The sorceresses spoke the truth and you are king. Because of his sudden flight to England Duncan's son has been accused of parricide and the throne was left empty for you.

But the witches predicted that Banquo would father kings. So will his sons reign? Will Duncan have died for them? He and his son are alive, it is true. But they are not immortal. No, they are not! My lady, more blood must flow! Will you be firm in what you intend? Banquo, eternity opens its realm to you. La luce langue, il faro spegnesi Ch'eterno corre per gli ampi cieli! Compiersi debbe l'opra fatale. O scettro, alfin sei mio! Ogni mortal desio Tace e s'acqueta in te.

The light is fading, the beacon that eternally crosses the wide sky has gone out. O longed-for night, throw a veil over the guilty murderous hand. It must be so! The fatal deed must be done. Power means nothing to the dead; for them a requiem and eternity. Oh, desire of the throne! Oh, sceptre, at last you are mine! Every living desire is quieted and calmed in you. The man who was prophesied king will soon fall lifeless. In the distance is Macbeth's castle.

Two groups of assassins enter from several directions. Chi v'impose unirvi a noi? Ed a che far? Rimanete, or bene sta. Sparve il sol, la notte or regni Scellerata, - insanguinata. Cieca notte, affretta e spegni Ogni lume in terra e in ciel. Who commanded you to join us? We are to slaughter Banquo.

He will come here with his son. The sun has disappeared, now let night reign, wicked and bloodstained. Blind night, hurry to extinguish all light on earth and in heaven. The time is near, now let us hide. We shall wait for him in silence. Tremble, Banquo, the point of a dagger is stuck in your side! Studia il passo, o mio figlio usciam da queste tenebre un senso ignoto nascer mi sento il petto, Pien di tristo presagio e di sospetto. In notte ugual trafissero Duncano, il mio signor. Mille affannose immagini M'annunciano sventura, E il mio pensiero ingombrano Di larve e di terror.

Si perdono nel parco Voce di Banco entro la scena: Fleanzio attraversa la scena inseguito da un sicario. Hurry, my son, let us escape from these shadows. I can feel an unknown sensation rising in my heart, filled with sad foreboding and suspicion. How the gloom falls more and more darkly from heaven!

It was on a night like this that they stabbed my lord Duncan. A thousand feverish images foretell misfortune to me and cloud my thoughts with phantoms and fears. They go off into the park Alas! Fleance crosses the scene pursued by one of the assassins. A magnificent hall with a table laid for a banquet. Voi pur salvete, nobilissimi signori. Ricevete la merce' dei vostri onori. Prenda ciascun l'orrevole Seggio al suo grado eletto. Pago son io d'accogliere Tali ospiti a banchetto. La mia consorte assidasi Nel trono a lei sortito, Ma pria le piaccia un brindisi Sciogliere, a vostr'onor. Al tuo regale invito Son pronta, o mio signor.

E tu ne udrai rispondere Come ci detta il cor. Si colmi il calice Di vino eletto; Nasca il diletto, Muoia il dolor. Da noi s'involino Gli odi e gli sdegni, Folleggi e regni Qui solo amor. Giustiamo il balsamo D'ogni ferita, Che nova vita Ridona al cor. Cacciam le torbide Cure dal petto; Nasca il diletto, Muoia il dolor.

Ripetono Cacciam le torbide Cure dal petto; Nasca il diletto, Muoia il dolor. Hail to you, most noble lords. Accept my thanks for your praise. Let everyone take his place according to his rank. I am pleased to greet such guests at the banquet. Let my consort take her appointed place on the throne. But first let her offer a toast in your honour. I am ready to answer your royal request, my lord. And you will hear our reply, prompted by our hearts. Fill the cup with the choicest wine. Give life to pleasure And death to sorrow. Let hate and scorn fly from us and let love alone reign here.

Let us savour the balm for every wound which gives new life to the heart. Let us cast dull care from our hearts; give life to pleasure and death to sorrow. Un Sicario si affaccia ad un uscio laterale. Macbeth gli si fa presso. An assassin appears at a side door. Macbeth goes up to him. You have blood on your face. Is this the truth? What about his son? Macbeth dismisses the assassin, who leaves. Macbeth va per sedere. Le ciocche cruente non scuotermi incontro. Lo sono, ed audace S'io guardo tal cosa che al dimone istesso Porrebbe spavento Vuotiam per l'inclito Banco i bicchieri! Fior de' guerrieri, Di Scozia onor.

Spalanca una fossa, O terra l'ingoia. Quel sangue fumante mi sbalza nel volto! Quel guardo a me volto trafiggemi il cor! Quant'altri io pur oso! Diventa pur tigre, leon minaccioso M'abbanca Macbetto tremar non vedrai, Conoscer potrai - s'io provi timor Ma fuggi! L'Ombra sparisce La vita riprendo! My royal husband, what has drawn you away from the delights of the banquet? Banquo is not here. That courageous man who would complete the chosen circle of the most worthy in all our kingdom. He said he would be here but he has failed us.

I shall sit in his place. Do not shake your bloody locks at me! His sickness is passing. I am, and a bold man if I can look at such a thing which might frighten the devil himself. I saw him with my own eyes. Sit down, my husband!

• Winning Through (The Chadwick Family Chronicles Book 3)
• O Bamboo Viper (Portuguese Edition)
• Bone Soup: An Afterlife Adventure
• To Touch the Face of God: The Sacred, the Profane, and the American Space Program, 1957–1975 (New Series in NASA History)
• Dreams
• Beauty Tips (50 Tips)
• The Chainsaw Man