Mis Cuatro Estaciones:Tener una Enfermedad, No Significa Estar Enfermo (Italian Edition)

Seven Wonders of Wales

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We have placed several CON 6 2 samples, confirmed by IR spectroscopy at the time of sample loading, into our instrument and obtained two different sets of rotational lines. Chili con carne with beans shall contain To assess whether preretinal hemorrhage PRH is associated with the presence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity ROP in high-risk patients.

Prospective cohort study, patients referred to the Department of Ophthalmology for ROP screening during October-November were evaluated weekly on 4 occasions to assess the relationship with PRH and the development of ROP as well as degree of severity associated. Stage I severity occurred more frequently. HPR is a risk factor for the development of ROP during the first weeks of life and is associated with stages of mild severity. Energy Star program benefits Con Edison. Impressed with savings in energy costs achieved after upgrading the lighting and air conditioning systems at its Manhattan headquarters, Home Box Office HBO wanted to do more, James Flock, vice president for computer and office systems, contacted Con Edison Co.

Arthur Kressner, Con Edison Research and Development manager contacted industry organizations and manufacturers for advice, but was told only to shut off computers at night and on weekends. Environmental Protection Agency EPA , which was designing a program to promote the introduction and use of energy-efficient office equipment. In , the EPA announced the Energy Star program for PCs, enabling manufacturers to display the Energy Star logo on machines meeting program criteria, including the ability to enter a sleep mode in which neither the computer nor monitor consume more than 30 W or electricity.

Industry experts estimate national energy consumption by office equipment could double by the year , but Energy Star equipment is expected to improve efficiency and help maintain electric loads. Cervical disc arthroplasty has emerged as a promising potential alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion ACDF in appropriately selected patients. Despite a history of excellent outcomes after ACDF, the question as to whether a fusion leads to adjacent segment degeneration remains unanswered.

Numerous US investigational device exemption trials comparing cervical arthroplasty to fusion have been conducted to answer this question. This study reviews the current research regarding cervical athroplasty, and emphasizes both the pros and cons of arthroplasty as compared with ACDF.

Early clinical outcomes show that cervical arthroplasty is as effective as the standard ACDF. However, this new technology is also associated with an expanding list of novel complications.

Although there is no definitive evidence that cervical disc replacement reduces the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration, it does show other advantages; for example, faster return to work, and reduced need for postoperative bracing. Greater risk of cost growth and schedule slippage. The Procurement of Non Developmental Items: The list of the pros greatly outweighs the cons. Pros and cons of phage therapy.

Many publications list advantages and disadvantages associated with phage therapy, which is the use of bacterial viruses to combat populations of nuisance or pathogenic bacteria. The goal of this commentary is to discuss many of those issues in a single location. In addition to these assets, we consider aspects of phage therapy that can contribute to its safety, economics, or convenience, but in ways that are perhaps less essential to the phage potential to combat bacteria.

For example, autonomous phage transfer between animals during veterinary application could provide convenience or economic advantages by decreasing the need for repeated phage application, but is not necessarily crucial to therapeutic success. We also consider possible disadvantages to phage use as antibacterial agents. As described in previous meeting reports, Pitt Con is one of the largest international conferences for analytical chem Games Con Men Play: The Semiosis of Deceptive Interaction. Analyzes some of the most frequent deceptive interactions as rendered through case histories of male con artists and their victims taken from police records.

Discusses the recurrent elements in both the con -games strategies and victims' way of interpreting those strategies. The modest amount of research that exists on the ability, or lack of ability, of mantle precession to power a geodynamo developed mostly during the last half of the s. Malkus in the late s attempted to advance a positive role for precession through experiments and analysis.

His experiments have survived criticism, but his analyses were discounted, especially by Rochester, Jacobs, Smylie, and Chong and by Loper Loper argued emphatically that precession was not capable of powering the geodynamo. During the s, Vanyo and associates studied energy dissipation during precession of satellite liquid fuels and its effect on satellite attitude stability. Engineers and scientists in every country that has launched satellites completed similar research. Some is published in the aerospace literature, more is available in company and government reports.

Energy experiments indicate massive amounts of mechanical energy are dissipated at the CMB, and flow experiments show complex motions within the boundary layer and axial flows with helicity throughout the interior. Analysis of Earth core precession also advanced, especially in several papers by Kerswell and by Tilgner in the late s. Detail numerical models have yet to appear. Although progress in understanding the role of precession in Earth core motions has advanced, there remains a.

For such an upload one needs proteomics data in a standardized format. Therefore, it is desirable, that the proprietary vendor's software will integrate in the future such an export functionality using the standard formats for proteomics results defined by the HUPO-PSI group. Currently not all search engines and analysis tools support these standard formats. In the meantime there is a need to provide user-friendly free-to-use conversion tools that can convert the data into such standard formats in order to support wet-lab scientists in creating proteomics data files ready for upload into the public repositories.

This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Published by Elsevier B. Recent advances in protein residue contact prediction algorithms have led to the emergence of many new methods and a variety of file formats. We present Con Kit , an open source, modular and extensible Python interface which allows facile conversion between formats and provides an interface to analyses of sequence alignments and sets of contact predictions.

Con Kit is available via the Python Package Index. The documentation can be found at http: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. Published by Oxford University Press. Providers debate pros and cons of pneumonia vaccination at discharge. When to vaccinate against pneumonia? Does it makes sense when patients are in the hospital? Or should patients wait for the first post-op visit with the PCP? Office-based and hospital-based physicians weigh the pros and cons of each.

Detail of conning tower atop the submarine. Note the wire rope wrapped around the base of the tower, which may have been used in an attempt to pull the submarine offshore. The Pros and the Cons. Having enjoyed teaching during my active career, I continued to teach summer school following retirement. Self-observed sensory and cognitive impairments, although not mentioned by students in their evaluations, induced me to consider the pros and cons of continuing to teach.

My hope is that this list of benefits and problems will be of assistance…. The purpose of this paper was to review, analyze, and critique the pros and cons , the advantages and disadvantages, of inclusion. The methodology consisted in analyzing and comparing research findings on the benefits and costs of inclusion. Federal legislation and regulations on inclusion were examined, analyzed, and discussed.

EPA has reached agreement with the manufacturer, to cancel 12 d- CON products that do not meet our testing protocols that better protect children, pets and non-target wildlife from accidental exposure to the pesticide. These products will be phased out. Utilice en forma segura los productos con cebo para roedores. Siempre que use pesticidas lea la etiqueta del producto y siga todas las indicaciones. An integral part of the Systems Engineering process is the creation of a Concept of Operations Con Ops for a given system, with the Con Ops initially established early in the system design process and evolved as the system definition and design matures.

LSP procures and manages a launch service from one of our many commercial Launch Vehicle Contractors LVCs and these commercial companies are then responsible for developing the Interface Control Document ICD , the verification of the requirements in that document, and all the services pertaining to integrating the spacecraft and launching it into orbit.

However, one of the systems engineering tools that have not been employed within LSP to date is a Concept of Operations.

The goal of this paper is to research the format and content that goes into these various aerospace industry Con Ops and tailor the format and content into template form, so the template may be used as an engineering tool for spacecraft integration with future LSP procured launch services. This Con Ops describes the current state of operations, establishes the reasons for change, and This Con Ops describes the current state of operations, establishes the reasons for Public mental hospital work: The extensive literature concerning public mental hospitals has largely been written from the perspective of administrators and systems analysts; most of the reports emphasize the frustrations and problems of working in public mental hospitals and the continued exodus of psychiatrists from these facilities.

The author addresses the pros and cons of such a career choice from the viewpoint of one who has been an "Indian" rather than a "chief" for a decade. He suggests that the current financial situation in both private practice and academia makes work in public mental hospitals increasingly attractive.

Topical Oxygen for Chronic Wounds: The role of oxygen in wound healing is universally accepted and does not require any further evidence; however the controversy as to whether oxygen delivery systems have the potential to improve wound healing remains to be concluded. The use of TOT gained increasing interest recently.

The current manuscript will summarize the pros and cons of TOT in the view of the available literature. We present Caffe con Troll CcT , a fully compatible end-to-end version of the popular framework Caffe with rebuilt internals. We built CcT to examine the performance characteristics of training and deploying general-purpose convolutional neural networks across different hardware architectures. We find that, by employing standard batching optimizations for CPU training, we achieve a 4.

Intelligence and female desire in Dedh Ishqiya. This article investigates the ostensibly paradoxical relationship that exists between the theme of excessive love, as suggested by the title of Abhishek Chaubey's film Dedh Ishqiya , and the actual representation of it in the movie, which is not only restrained and disproportionate, but is also looked at with suspicion and contempt. The quest for financial autonomy that the female protagonists of the movie are involved in-a necessary pre-condition for leading independent lives-is so inextricably intertwined with manipulation, dexterity, and subterfuge, that any overt expression of homoerotic female desire can only jeopardize their existing possibilities of self-aggrandizement.

Through this strategic negotiation, which is also a tactical necessity, the female protagonists are not only able to con the con men in the movie, but also imagine alternative subject positions that recognize the need for both pragmatism and expediency as well as deconstructing heteropatriarchal economies of desire. Early diagnosis and referral to a rheumatologist are positive prognostic factor but diagnosis in many cases is in the hands of primary care physicians PCP. Retrospective study of patients referred by PCP and seen as outpatients at a rheumatology clinic in Patients with referral diagnosis of RA were identified and symptoms, signs, functional capacity and ACR criteria for RA were evaluated by 2 rheumatologists.

Arthritis was symmetrical in X-ray erosions were reported in 6. When using the ACR criteria, A poor clinical evaluation and little support from laboratory and x-rays was noticed. The delay in diagnosis and referral was 3 years, worsening prognosis. Published by Elsevier Espana. Chronic kidney disease CKD and type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM are highly prevalent chronic diseases, which represent an important public health problem and require a multidisciplinary management.

T2DM is the main cause of CKD and it also causes a significant comorbidity with regard to non-diabetic nephropathy. Patients with diabetes and kidney disease represent a special risk group as they have higher morbi-mortality as well as higher risk of hypoglycemia than diabetic individuals with a normal kidney function. The current consensus report aims to ease the appropriate selection and dosage of antidiabetic treatments as well as the establishment of safety objectives of glycemic control in patients with CKD.

Effects of intensive glucose control on platelet reactivity in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Hyperglycaemia has been associated with increased platelet reactivity and impaired prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome ACS. Whether platelet reactivity can be reduced by lowering glucose in this setting is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the functional impact of intensive glucose control with insulin on platelet reactivity in patients admitted with ACS and hyperglycaemia.

Of the patients who underwent random assignment, 59 were assigned to intensive and 56 to conventional glucose control. Baseline platelet functions and inhospital management were similar in both groups. Maximal aggregation after ADP stimulation at hospital discharge was lower in the intensive group Similarly all other parameters of platelet reactivity measured at hospital discharge were significantly reduced in the intensive glucose control group. In this randomised trial, early intensive glucose control with insulin in patients with ACS presenting with hyperglycaemia was found to decrease platelet reactivity.

Clinical Trial Registration Number http: To assess cost-effectiveness of antifungal treatment on patients with persistent fever neutropenia: A decision model was performed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of antifungal treatment strategies in patients with febrile neutropenia not responding to a broad spectrum antibiotic treatment. The strategies included were: Effectiveness was measured as the number of deaths averted. Cost-effectiveness and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated.

Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyzes were performed. EAT with Amphotericin B deoxycholate was the least expensive and least effective strategy. The EAT with caspofungin was the most effective. If the threshold is lesser the EAT with amphotericin B deoxycholate would be the election. Published by Elsevier Inc.

In the last two decades, research has dramatically increased the knowledge of cannabinoids biology and pharmacology. To date, cannabinoids have been licensed for clinical use as palliative treatment of chemotherapy, but increased evidences showed direct antiproliferative actions of cannabinoid agonists on several tumour cells in vitro and in animal models. In this article, we will review the principal molecular pathways modulated by cannabinoids on cancer and summarize pros and cons evidence on the possible future use of endocannabinoid-based drugs in cancer therapy.

The overall goal of the acceleration systems: They involve three superconducting linacs: The present baseline acceleration scenario has been optimized to take maximum advantage of appropriate acceleration scheme at a given stage. Pros and cons of various stages are discussed here in detail.

However, far off-crest acceleration reduces the effective acceleration gradient and adds complexity through the requirement of individual RF phase control for each cavity. Quantum optimal control becomes a necessary step in a number of studies in the quantum realm. Recent experimental advances showed that superconducting qubits can be controlled with an impressive accuracy. However, most of the standard optimal control algorithms are not designed to manage such high accuracy.

To tackle this issue, a novel quantum optimal control algorithm have been introduced: It avoids the piecewise constant approximation of the control pulse used by standard algorithms. This allows an efficient implementation of very high accuracy optimization. It also includes a novel method to compute the gradient that provides many advantages, e. This talk will present the GOAT algorithm and a few applications to transmons systems.

The wear products and adverse reactions that occur on bearing surfaces represent one of the greatest challenges in prosthetic replacements, as the latter experience increasing demands due to the large number of young and older adult patients that have a long life expectancy and remarkable activity. The purpose of this review is to analyze the pros and cons of the new advances in the bearing components of the articular surfaces of current total hip arthroplasties.

We also discuss the strategies used historically, their problems, results and the surgeon's role in prescribing the tribologic couple that best fits each patient's needs. We conclude with practical recommendations for the prescription and management of the latest articular couples for total hip arthroplasty. Pros and cons of transcatheter aortic valve implantation TAVI. This technique was already worldwide adopted for inoperable and high-risk patients.

Improved device technology, imaging analysis and operator expertise has reduced the initial worrisome higher complications rate associated with TAVR, making it comparable to surgical aortic valve replacement SAVR. However, many answers need to be addressed before adoption in lower risk patients. This paper highlights the pros and cons of TAVI based mostly on randomized clinical trials involving the two device platforms approved in the United States.

We focused our analysis on metrics that will play a key role in expanding TAVR indication in healthier individuals. We review the significance and gave a perspective on paravalvular leak PVL , valve performance, valve durability, leaflet thrombosis, stroke and pacemaker requirement. In this review we aim to provide an overview of the most important ethical pros and cons of stem cell derived gametes SCD-gametes , as a contribution to the debate about reproductive tissue engineering.

Derivation of gametes from stem cells holds promising applications both for research and for clinical use in assisted reproduction. We explore the ethical issues connected to gametes derived from embryonic stem cells both patient specific and non-patient specific as well as those related to gametes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. The technology of SCD-gametes raises moral concerns of how reproductive autonomy relates to issues of embryo destruction, safety, access, and applications beyond clinical infertility.

Seven Wonders of Wales Ron Davies, Elin Llwyd Morgan - Read online

An integrated well log, biostratigraphic, and seismic stratigraphic study of Miocene to Recent deltaic sediments deposited in the Nam Con Son Basin offshore from southern Vietnam shows the influence of eustacy and tectonics on sequence development. Sediments consist of Oligocene non-marine rift-basin fill Cau Formation , early to middle Miocene tide-dominated delta plain to delta front sediments TB 1. Tectonic effects on middle to late Miocene sequence development consist of thick transgressive systems tracts due to basin-wide subsidence and transgression, sand distribution in the basin center, and carbonate sedimentation on isolated fault blocks within the basin.

Third-order sequence boundaries SB are identified by spore peaks, sand stacking patterns, and channel incision. In the basin center, widespread shale beds with coal occur above sequence boundaries followed by transgressive sandstone units. Maximum flooding surfaces MFS have abundant marine microfossils and mangrove pollen, a change in sand stacking pattern, and often a strong seismic reflection with downlap. Fourth-order genetic-type sequences are also interpreted. The MFS is the easiest marker to identify and correlate on well logs.

Fourth-order SB occur within these genetic units but are harder to identify and correlate. Caring for Alzheimer's Patients. This manual is intended for caregivers of homebound patients with Alzheimer's disease and others who are mentally impaired. It deals with the nature of Alzheimer's, the decline in a patient's abilities, information about available services, and legal and financial issues.

The manual provides guidance and suggestions to lessen the daily stress…. Pros and cons of vaccination against serogroup B meningococcal disease. A vaccine has recently been approved in the EU against meningococcal serogroup B, the main cause of meningococcal disease. There is a fierce debate about the decision regarding a universal vaccination in infants older than 2 months, as recommended by the majority of scientific societies. In western Europe the only country to have included the universal vaccination is the United Kingdom, with a lower incidence of the disease than Ireland.

Other countries have also adopted it, such as the Czech Republic, Cuba and certain regions of Italy. Numerous cost-effectiveness studies have been published regarding the vaccination with different assumptions, which have supported the decision not to implant the universal vaccination because it exceeds the will to pay for a health benefit.

Many cost estimating tools use weight as a major parameter in projecting the cost. This is often combined with modifying factors such as complexity, technical maturity of design, environment of operation, etc. For a set of conceptual designs, all meeting the same requirements, increased weight can be a major driver in increased cost.

However, once a design is fixed, increased weight generally decreases cost, while decreased weight generally increases cost - and the relationship is not linear. Alternative approaches to estimating cost without using weight except perhaps for materials costs have been attempted to try to produce a tool usable throughout the design process - from concept studies through development. This paper will address the pros and cons of using weight based models for cost estimating, using liquid rocket engines as the example.

It will then examine approaches that minimize the impct of weight based cost estimating. RECM will be presented primarily to show a successful method to use design and programmatic parameters instead of weight to estimate both design and development costs and production costs. Laparoscopy for inflammatory bowel disease: The role of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of colorectal malignancies is still under investigation, although it can offer significant benefits to many patients with inflammatory bowel disease IBD.

The aim of this study was to assess the pros and cons of the laparoscopic management of IBD. Data were obtained from a review of the literature published since , when the first report of laparoscopic surgery for IBD appeared in print. From to several series of laparoscopic colorectal surgery for the management of IBD have been reported. A close evaluation of these studies revealed that laparoscopy in patients with terminal ileal Crohn's disease or anal Crohn's disease in need of fecal diversion offers significant advantages compared to laparotomy, including decreased pain, length of hospitalization, and disability.

An additional bonus is improved cosmesis and a reduction in symptomatic postoperative adhesions. These many benefits can be achieved without any increase in morbidity or expense. Conversely, the use of this technology for restorative proctocolectomy in patients with mucosal ulcerative colitis is associated with a longer operative time and an increased incidence of both intra- and postoperative complications compared to laparotomy.

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery can thus be advantageous for treatment of terminal ileal Crohn's disease but cannot be routinely justified for the treatment of mucosal ulcerative colitis. Pitt Con began in as a small sp The aim of this article was to address pros and cons of gestational surrogacy, the social and psychological issues involved in surrogate motherhood triads. Pros and cons of surrogacy, the possible insurgence of a hematologic disease in the fetus, hemolytic disease of the newborn, naturally acquired microchimerism in surrogacy cases, ethical, medical, psychologic, legal and religious issues of a problem are discussed.

Surgical animal models of neuropathic pain: One of the biggest challenges for discovering more efficacious drugs for the control of neuropathic pain has been the diversity of chronic pain states in humans. It is now acceptable that different mechanisms contribute to normal physiologic pain, pain arising from tissue damage and pain arising from injury to the nervous system. To study pain transmission, spot novel pain targets and characterize the potential analgesic profile of new chemical entities, numerous experimental animal pain models have been developed that attempt to simulate the many human pain conditions.

Among the neuropathic pain models, surgical models have paramount importance in the induction of pain states. Most of these models induce responses similar to those found in causalgia, a syndrome of sustained burning pain often seen in the distal extremity after partial peripheral nerve injury in humans. Researchers most commonly use these surgical models in both rats and mice during drug discovery to screen new chemical entities for efficacy in the area of neuropathic pain.

However, there is scant literature that provides a comparative discussion of all these surgical models. Each surgical model has its own benefits and limitations. It is very difficult for a researcher to choose a suitable surgical animal model to suit their experimental set-up. Therefore, particular attention has been given in this review to comparatively provide the pros and cons of each model of surgically induced neuropathic pain.

Pros and cons of circumcision: Based on three large randomized controlled trials RCTs conducted in Africa, it can clearly be stated that circumcision lowers the risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus HIV and some sexually transmitted infections STIs among males in settings of high HIV and STI endemicity.

Similar effects on STI risk may exist for females, although this may result from an indirect effect of decreasing risk of infection among male partners. It is unknown whether circumcision prevents HIV acquisition in men who have sex with men MSM , although there might be a protective effect for men who engage mainly in insertive anal intercourse. When the effects of adult circumcision on sexual function and satisfaction of men are examined, high-quality evidence strongly supports lack of harm. Whether circumcision alters sexual satisfaction of female partners is not known as fewer and smaller studies reported conflicting results.

Circumcision rarely causes serious complications if practiced by trained practitioners, in a sterile setting, and with a proper follow-up. These conclusions are limited by the lack of high-quality data from areas outside of Africa. Circumcision has well-proven benefits for people residing in areas with high prevalence of STIs, including HIV, and is not unethical for those who choose to be circumcised or have their children circumcised on religious, social, or cultural grounds. For many others, a definite pro or con recommendation, based on a risk-benefit ratio, cannot be made. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Our goal is to empower young scientists to become leaders in their field, propagating appreciation and understanding of research results to broad and diverse audiences. ComSci Con attendees meet and interact with professional communicators, build lasting networks with graduate students in all fields of science and engineering from around the country, and write and publish original works. ComSci Con consists of both a flagship national conference series run annually for future leaders in science communication, and a series of regional and specialized workshops organized by ComSci Con alumni nationwide.

We routinely receive over applications for 50 spots in our national workshop. Since its founding in , over STEM graduate students have participated in the national workshop, and 23 local spin-off workshops have been organized in 10 different locations throughout the country. This year, ComSci Con is working to grow as a self-sustaining organization by launching as an independent c 3 non-profit.

In this poster we will discuss the ComSci Con program and methods, our results to date, potential future collaborations between ComSci Con and AAS, and how you can become involved. Convectively-driven strong winds usually associated with thunderstorms frequently cause substantial damage to buildings and other structures in many parts of the world. Decisive for the high damage potential are the short-term wind speed maxima with duration of a few seconds, termed as gusts. Several studies have shown that convectively-driven gusts can reach even higher wind speeds compared to turbulent gusts associated with synoptic-scale weather systems.

Due to the small-scale and non-stationary nature of convective wind gusts, there is a considerable lack of knowledge regarding their characteristics and statistics. Furthermore, their interaction with urban structures and their influence on buildings is not yet fully understood.

For these two reasons, convective wind events are not included in the present wind load standards of buildings and structures, which so far have been based solely on the characteristics of synoptically-driven wind gusts in the near-surface boundary layer e. However, convective and turbulent gusts differ considerably, e.

In an effort to remedy this situation, the overarching objective of the DFG-project "Convective Wind Gusts" Con WinG is to investigate the characteristics and statistics of convective gusts as well as their interaction with urban structures. Based on a set of climate stations of the German Weather Service DWD between and , we analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution, intensity, and occurrence probability of convective gusts.

Similar to thunderstorm activity, the frequency of convective gusts decreases gradually from South to North Germany. Rather, high wind speeds, e. The International Consortium for the Investigation of Renal Malignancies I- Con FIRM was formed to promote international, multidisciplinary collaborations to advance our understanding of the etiology and outcomes of kidney cancer. Classifying prokaryotic species based on gene flow. Classification of prokaryotic species is usually based on sequence similarity thresholds, which are easy to apply but lack a biologically-relevant foundation.

Here, we present Con SpeciFix, a program that classifies prokaryotes into species using criteria set forth by the Biological Species Concept, thereby unifying species definition in all domains of life. Con SpeciFix's webserver is freely available at www. The local version of the program can be freely downloaded from https: Con SpeciFix is written in Python 2. An Autoethnographic Exploration of a Chicano in Academia. This dissertation is the experience of my life, an evolution of platicas I have had con mis coyotes, my Nepantlero guides.

I am one Chicano navigating through the mechanisms of a coercive and hegemonic system which limits our advancement in the academy. My ontology, epistemology, and axiology stem from my cultural and family foundations which I…. Sport Concussion Management Using Facebook: Sport concussion is currently the focus of much international attention.

Innovative methods to assist athletic trainers in facilitating management after this injury need to be investigated. To investigate the feasibility of using a Facebook concussion-management program termed i Con interactive concussion management to facilitate the safe return to play RTP of young persons after sport concussion. Facebook group containing interactive elements, with moderation and support from trained health care professionals. The study was conducted over a 3-month period, with participant questionnaires administered preintervention and postintervention. The primary focus was on the qualitative experiences of the participants and the effect of i Con on their RTP.

Por L and Por M were found to form a separate stable complex. Por K and Por N were protected from proteinase K cleavage when present in undisrupted cells, but were rapidly degraded when the cells were lysed, which together with bioinformatic analyses suggests that these proteins are exposed in the periplasm and anchored to the outer membrane via the Por K lipid. Chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the interaction between Por K and Por N and further revealed that they interact with the PG outer membrane protein.

This is the first report showing the structural organization of any T9SS component. El Reflujo a la Isla. This is a guide to materials and research on Puerto Ricans who have returned to Puerto Rico after living in the United States. Part 1 is an annotated bibliography of books, journal articles, printed documents, doctoral dissertations, master's theses, journalistic accounts, and unpublished papers on characteristics of Puerto Rican return migrants;….

There is growing concern for promoting equality between sexes and full integration of women in research activities. EIMC records for were obtained from the Science Citation Index database and differences according to sex were calculated for the following indicators: A total of 2, authors were identified, 1, The greatest of contribution from women was in original articles There were significant differences regarding the number of papers published and the number of collaborators; with greater productivity for men and a higher rate of collaboration for women.

Studies on scientific activity according to gender provide essential information to establish the basis for a policy of equality in this regard. Nevertheless, the presence of women in positions of high productivity remains low. The causes of this difference should be identified and corrected. Collaboration is essential for biomedical research. The Carlos III Health Institute the Spanish national public organization responsible for promoting biomedical research has encouraged scientific collaboration by promoting Thematic Networks and Cooperative Research Centres.

Bibliometrics and Social Network Analysis methods have been carried out in order to quantify and characterise scientific collaboration and research areas. A total of papers generated by 2, authors and institutions have been analysed. There were 36 research groups involving authors identified. The Collaboration Index for articles was 5.

Notable collaboration and citation rates have been observed. Research is focused on diseases with the highest mortality rates caused by infectious diseases in Spain. The Type IX secretion system T9SS is a versatile multi-protein complex restricted to bacteria of the Bacteriodetes phylum and responsible for the secretion or cell surface exposition of diverse proteins that participate to S-layer formation, gliding motility or pathogenesis. The T9SS is poorly characterized but a number of proteins involved in the assembly of the secretion apparatus in the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis have been identified based on genome substractive analyses.

Deletion of por X in P. Here, we show that Por X and the soluble cytoplasmic domain of Por Y interact. Using electrophoretic mobility shift, DNA-protein co-purification and heterologous host expression assays, we demonstrate that Por X does not bind T9SS gene promoters and does not directly regulate expression of the T9SS genes. A revision of the clinical-pathological records indentified and a new reading of the pathology slides of the cases found were performed.

EP was primarily found on male patients In one case, EP was located on the gluteal region, and showed an unusually invasive behavior and rectal involvement. We conclude that EP is a rather uncommon entity in Peru. Its most common location is on the foot and it affects mostly male patients for the most part. This was a descriptive retrospective study of original research articles published in REED between and The variables assessed were: This redundancy is required since both of the tank ventilation systems have been declared as Safety Class systems.

Identification of Porphyromonas gingivalis proteins secreted by the Por secretion system. The Gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses a number of potential virulence factors for periodontopathogenicity. In particular, cysteine proteinases named gingipains are of interest given their abilities to degrade host proteins and process other virulence factors such as fimbriae.

To identify proteins other than gingipains secreted by the Por SS, we compared the proteomes of P. Sixteen spots representing 10 different proteins were present in the particle-free culture supernatant of the Por SS-proficient strain but were absent or faint in that of the Por SS-deficient strain. These results indicate that the Por SS is used for secretion of a number of proteins other than gingipains and that the CTDs of the proteins are associated with the Por SS-dependent secretion. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. To determine the clinical and histological characteristics and prognostic factors of cervical cancer CC in young Peruvian patients.

The main histological types were: The average tumor size was 4. Overall 5-year survival was Elevated creatinine, anemia, tumor size, parametrial involvement and hydronephrosis were factors that affected survival. No significant relation was found between histological type and survival. The presence of anemia adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: Cervical cancer in young Peruvians is diagnosed in advanced stages. Overall survival in each stage is similar to the reported in older patients. The importance of conventional prognosis- related factors was confirmed. Anemia was an important independent prognostic factor requiring further investigations.

It includes measurements of bearing vibration levels, pressure decay testing, programmable logic controller interlocks, high vacuum, flow and pressure control functional testing. The purpose of Acceptance testing documented by this report was to demonstrate compliance of the exhausters with the performance criteria established within HNF, Rev. Additional testing not required by the ATP was also performed to assist in the disposition and close out of receiving inspection report and for application design information system curve.

Results of this testing are also captured within this document. Cytochrome P reductase POR is a microsomal electron transport protein essential to cytochrome Pmediated drug metabolism and sterol and bile acid synthesis. The conditional deletion of hepatic POR gene expression in mice results in a marked decrease in plasma cholesterol levels counterbalanced by the accumulation of triglycerides in lipid droplets in hepatocytes. To evaluate the role of cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in this hepatic lipidosis, as well as the possible role of lipid transport from peripheral tissues, we developed a stable, small interfering RNA siRNA -mediated cell culture model for the suppression of POR.

Immunofluorescent analysis revealed a marked accumulation of lipid droplets in cells by day 15, accompanied by a nearly 2-fold increase in cellular triglyceride content, replicating the lipidosis seen in hepatic POR -null mouse liver. In contrast, suppression of CYP51A1 lanosterol demethylase did not result in lipid accumulation, indicating that loss of cholesterol synthesis is not the basis for this lipidosis. Indeed, addition of cholesterol to the medium appeared to augment the lipidosis in POR -suppressed cells, whereas removal of lipids from the medium reversed the lipidosis.

Oxysterols did not accumulate in POR -suppressed cells, discounting a role for liver X receptor in stimulating triglyceride synthesis, but addition of chenodeoxycholate significantly repressed lipid accumulation, suggesting that the absence of bile acids and loss of farnesoid X receptor stimulation lead to excessive triglyceride synthesis.

Suppression of cytochrome P reductase POR expression in hepatoma cells replicates the hepatic lipidosis observed in hepatic POR -null mice. Prior to taking ownership, acceptance testing was performed at the vendors. However at the conclusion of testing a number of issues remained that required resolution before the exhausters could be used by Project W The purpose of acceptance testing documented by this report was to demonstrate compliance of the exhausters with the performance criteria established within HNF-O49O, Rev. Outer membrane vesicles from Neisseria gonorrhoeae target Por B to mitochondria and induce apoptosis.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea by evading innate immunity. Colonizing the mucosa of the reproductive tract depends on the bacterial outer membrane porin, Por B, which is essential for ion and nutrient uptake. Por B is also targeted to host mitochondria and regulates apoptosis pathways to promote infections.

How Por B traffics from the outer membrane of N. Here, we show that N. The porin was targeted to mitochondria of macrophages after exposure to purified OMVs and wild type N. This was associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of apoptotic caspases and cell death in a time-dependent manner. This shows that N. The phylum Bacteroidetes is large and diverse, with rapid gliding motility and the ability to digest macromolecules associated with many genera and species.

Recently, a novel protein secretion system, the Por secretion system Por SS , was identified in two members of the phylum, the gliding bacterium Flavobacterium johnsoniae and the nonmotile oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. The components of the Por SS are not similar in sequence to those of other well-studied bacterial secretion systems. Comparative analysis of 37 genomes of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes revealed the widespread occurrence of gliding motility genes and Por SS genes. Genes associated with other bacterial protein secretion systems were less common.

The results suggest that gliding motility is more common than previously reported. Resumen Las profesiones de la salud tienen un papel social dual.

Por el otro, dictaminan las formas saludables, y por lo tanto socialmente apropiadas, de ser, actuar y pensar. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la manera en que una muestra de profesionales de la salud en Puerto Rico construyen a las PVVS. Mutants of ARF6 defective in GTP binding and hydrolysis have a marked effect on endocytic trafficking and the gross morphology of the peripheral membrane system. These findings indicate that ARF6 and Rac1 function on distinct signaling pathways to mediate cytoskeletal reorganization, and suggest a role for POR 1 as an important regulatory element in orchestrating cytoskeletal rearrangements at the cell periphery induced by ARF6 and Rac1.

The Spanish Prepositions " por " and "para. The most common noncanonical uses were…. Culture and Illness Cultura y Enfermedad. Every culture has unique attitudes and values toward health and sickness. This article explores Mexican medical culture on native, folk and scientific levels, and its effect on national health and medical practice. En particular hemos detectado mediante LIF las especies: En este trabajo presentamos algunos de los resultados obtenidos mediante el estudio por LIF de estos radicales: This involves creating tickets for specific work items and track the progress to complete these specific work items.

Low oxygen environment facilitates embryo availability for older ovarian responders PORs. We selected older PORs who met two criteria: No significant differences were observed in normal fertilization rates The number of available embryos 1.

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It showed no significant differences in the implantation rates The employ of low oxygen culture did not improve clinical pregnancy rate for older PORs. However, it benefited early embryonic development for older PORs. Antigenic topology of chlamydial Por B protein and identification of targets for immune neutralization of infectivity. The outer membrane protein Por B is a conserved chlamydial protein that functions as a porin and is capable of eliciting neutralizing Abs.

A topological antigenic map was developed using overlapping synthetic peptides representing the Chlamydia trachomatis Por B sequence and polyclonal immune sera. To identify which antigenic determinants were surface accessible, monospecific antisera were raised to the Por B peptides and were used in dot-blot and ELISA-based absorption studies with viable chlamydial elementary bodies EBs. The ability of the surface-accessible antigenic determinants to direct neutralizing Ab responses was investigated using standardized in vitro neutralization assays.

Collectively, the EB absorption and dot-blot assays established that the immunoreactive Por B Ags were exposed on the surface of chlamydial EBs. Peptide-specific antisera raised to the surface-accessible Ags neutralized chlamydial infectivity and demonstrated cross-reactivity to synthetic peptides representing analogous C. Furthermore, neutralization of chlamydial infectivity by C.

These findings demonstrate that Por B Ags may be useful for development of chlamydial vaccines. The outer membrane protein Por B of Neisseria meningitidis is a pore-forming protein which has various effects on eukaryotic cells. As an outer membrane protein, its native trimeric form isolation is complicated by its insoluble nature, requiring the presence of detergent throughout the whole procedure, and by its tight association with other outer membrane components, such as neisserial LOS or lipoproteins.

In this study, an improved chromatographic purification method to obtain an homogeneous product free of endotoxin and lipoprotein is described, without loss of any of the above-mentioned properties of the porin. Furthermore, we have investigated the requirement of the native trimeric structure for the porin's activity. Inactivation of functional Por B trimers into non-functional monomers was achieved by incubation on ice.

Thus, routine long- and medium-term storage at low temperature may be a cause of porin inactivation. EUV masks include many different layers of various materials rarely used in optical masks, and each layer of material has a particular role in enhancing the performance of EUV lithography. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how the mask quality and patterning performance can change during mask fabrication, EUV exposure, maintenance cleaning, shipping, or storage. The fact that a pellicle is not used to protect the mask surface in EUV lithography suggests that EUV masks may have to undergo more cleaning cycles during their lifetime.

More frequent cleaning, combined with the adoption of new materials for EUV masks, necessitates that mask manufacturers closely examine the performance change of EUV masks during cleaning process.

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We have observed that the quality and patterning performance of EUV masks does not significantly change during these processes except mask pattern CD change. Multiple active site residues are important for photochemical efficiency in the light-activated enzyme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase POR. Protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase POR catalyzes the light-driven reduction of protochlorophyllide Pchlide , an essential, regulatory step in chlorophyll biosynthesis. The unique requirement of the enzyme for light has provided the opportunity to investigate how light energy can be harnessed to power biological catalysis and enzyme dynamics.

Excited state interactions between the Pchlide molecule and the protein are known to drive the subsequent reaction chemistry. However, the structural features of POR and active site residues that are important for photochemistry and catalysis are currently unknown, because there is no crystal structure for POR.

Our findings, which are interpreted in the context of a new improved structural model, have identified several residues that are predicted to interact with the coenzyme or substrate. Several of the POR variants have a profound effect on the photochemistry, suggesting that multiple residues are important in stabilizing the excited state required for catalysis. Our work offers insight into how the POR active site geometry is finely tuned by multiple active site residues to support enzyme-mediated photochemistry and reduction of Pchlide, both of which are crucial to the existence of life on Earth.

Published by Elsevier B. Two-phase nanocomposite layers based on porous silicon and nonstoichiometric tin oxide were fabricated by various methods. The structure, as well as elemental and phase composition, of the obtained nanocomposites were studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Seguridad del paciente en Radioterapia Intraoperatoria: Impacto de los elementos controlados por el Radiofisico. En la administracion de la radioterapia intervienen profesionales y equipos de tratamiento, por lo que existe el riesgo de error y se precisa que dicho equipamiento funcione conforme a lo esperado.

A los radiofisicos les corresponde participar en las actividades de garantia o aseguramiento de la calidad, incluyendo el control de calidad de los equipos, y en la evaluacion de los riesgos asociados. La radioterapia intraoperatoria RIO es una tecnica radioterapica de intensificacion de dosis, altamente selectiva, dirigida a volumenes anatomicos restringidos durante el tratamiento quirurgico oncologico, basada en la administracion de una dosis absorbida alta por medio de un haz de electrones tras el examen visual directo del lecho tumoral.

Como incorporar los ultimos avances en el refuerzo de la seguridad en radioterapia es una tarea ambiciosa y compleja, resulta mas concreta y de inmediata aplicacion su introduccion en la RIO. El objetivo es analizar los elementos que reducen los riesgos y aumentan la seguridad en la RIO y su dosimetria, y valorar la funcion del radiofisico en esta labor. Se realizo un analisis de modos de fallo y efectos failure mode and effect analysis, FMEA con el fin de identificar los elementos que forman la RIO y aplicar las herramientas necesarias para la minimizacion de los riesgos y la mejora de la seguridad en la tecnica.

Se estudiaron las verificaciones diarias de dicho acelerador Precise con el control estadistico de procesos statistical process control, SPC y se simularon intervenciones para devolverlo al estado llamado en control. Nearly all systems of practical interest are composed of parts assembled across multiple scales. For example, an agrodynamic system is composed of flora and fauna on one scale; soil types, slope, and water runoff on another scale; and management practice and yield on another scale.

Or consider an advanced coal-fired power plant: In spite of this, there are few practical tools for the optimization of multiscale systems. From this study, it is found that by recognizing the constraints and patterns present in discrete multiscale systems, the solution time can be significantly reduced and much more complex problems can be optimized. Mujeres felices por ser saludables: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the most common cause of cancer mortality among Latino women.

Several behavioral factors such as early detection and dietary practices could help decrease morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer in this population. Unfortunately, there are few data regarding the efficacy of health-related interventions for young Latino women. Mujeres Felices por ser Saludables is a randomized intervention project designed to assess breast cancer risk reduction behavior among Latino women ages years. Herein we describe the overall design of the project and present baseline characteristics of the randomized women.

There are few data on the dietary and breast health behaviors of young low-acculturated Latino women. This study documents the feasibility of recruiting, randomizing, and obtaining both baseline dietary and breast health data on this unique and underserved population. The results describe the women's worldview as they discuss the stresses and the satisfactions of their mothering roles. The results also include the coping strategies used to deal with the stresses inherent in the maternal role. Women describe how the companionship of their children, watching their children grow, and the nurturing they give their children provides them with pride and deep satisfaction.

These satisfying aspects of their role are burdened by the stress related to worry about children's bad behavior, their illness, and a pervasive generalized sense of constant worry. Being single parents adds more stress to these women's lives. Participants coped emotionally through distraction and through talking with friends. Other coping strategies included calming self, problem solving, talking with children, and substance use. The authors conclude with a discussion of the relationship between poverty and work situation as contexts for understanding maternal roles.

Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are major bacterial agents of meningitis. We have previously reported that a surface-exposed loop of the R2 domain of CbpA mediates LamR-binding. Using truncated recombinant proteins we show that binding is dependent on amino acids and of Por A and OmpP2, respectively, which are predicted to localize to the fourth and second surface-exposed loops, respectively, of these proteins. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the loops bound LamR and could block LamR-binding to bacterial ligands in a dose dependant manner.

Meningococci expressing Por A lacking the apex of loop 4 and H. Since both loops are hyper-variable, our data may suggest a molecular basis for the range of LamR-binding capabilities previously reported among different meningococcal and H. Por attended the Faculty of Medicine in Budapest from to , and Prof. Klopstock studied at the same place between and From until graduation on 6th February , Prof. Klopstock had to interrupt his studies in Budapest due to pulmonary tuberculosis; he received treatment at Tatranske Matliare where he befriended Franz Kafka.

Later, upon Kafka's encouragement, he changed institutions and continued his studies at the German Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, where he graduated the first great go. It is very likely that, during their studies in Budapest and Prague, both professors met repeatedly, even though their life paths later separated.

Following his graduation, Prof. Por practiced as an internist in Prague, later in Slovakia, and from in Kosice. In , he was awarded the title of university professor of internal medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, where he practiced until his death in Klopstock continued his studies in Kiel and Berlin.

After his graduation in , he practiced in Berlin as a surgeon and in left for USA. In , he was awarded the title of university professor of pulmonary surgery in NewYork, where he died in Mahdavi, Jafar; Oldfield, Neil J. Using truncated recombinant proteins we show that binding is dependent on amino acids — and 91—99 of Por A and OmpP2, respectively, which are predicted to localize to the fourth and second surface-exposed loops, respectively, of these proteins.

Global Microlending in Education Reform: The enhanced immune responses induced by Salmonella enteritidis ghosts loaded with Neisseria gonorrhoeae por B against Salmonella in mice. Human health has been seriously endangered by highly prevalent salmonellosis and multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains. Current vaccines suffer from variable immune-protective effects, so more effective ones are needed to control Salmonella infection: Bacterial ghosts have been produced by the expression of lysis gene E from bacteriophage PhiX and can be filled with considerable exogenous substances such as DNA or drugs as a novel platform.

In this study, Salmonella enteritidis SE ghosts were developed and loaded with Neisseria gonorrhoeae porin B por B to construct a novel inactive vaccine. In addition, the novel por B-loaded ghosts conferred higher protective effects on virulent Salmonella challenge. For the first time, we demonstrate that N. For permissions, please e-mail: El Modelo Estandar describe todas las partculas observadas en el naturaleza hasta el momento as como las caractersticas que gobiernan a las interacciones fundamentales entre ellas. En especial es posible identicar a las interacciones electromagnetica y debil, las cuales bajo determinadas condiciones de temperatura y energa pueden ser descritas a traves de una sola teora que engloba a ambas.

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A esta teora se le denomina electrodebil y tiene como nalidad caracterizar las propiedades de la interaccion maniesta a partir de la mezcla de las interacciones electromagnetica y debil, la que tambien lleva como nombre interaccion electrodebil. Por medio de observaciones experimentales que demostraban que los neutrinos cambian de sabor al propagarse, fenomeno llamado oscilaciones de neutrinos, se pudo llegar a la conclusion de que la implicancia de este fenomeno da como consecuencia que los neutrinos efectivamente s tienen masa, algo que entra en contradiccion con la descripcion inicial del Modelo Estandar, el cual los describe como partculas sin masa.

Es de esta manera que las oscilaciones de neutrinos han sido y siguen siendo en la actualidad objeto de interes en la Fsica de Altas Energas tanto teorica como experimental. A n de poder realizar mediciones precisas de oscilaciones de neutrinos, los experimentos encargados de estas mediciones deben tratar de reducir sus incertidumbres en lo posible. Una de estas proviene de la caracterizacion de las secciones de choque de los neutrinos cuando interactuan con la materia, particularmente los nucleones al interior de los nucleos atomicos.

El experimento MINERA esta orientado, entre otras cosas, a hacer una correcta caracterizacion de secciones de choque neutrino-nucleon por medio del. Los generadores de calentamiento por induccion son puentes inversores con carga resonante, cuya mision es basicamente crear una corriente sinusoidal de gran amplitud sobre la "bobina de caldeo", que forma parte del tanque resonante. En el interior de esta bobina se introduce la pieza que se desea calentar. EI campo magnetico creado induce corrientes superficiales corrientes de Foucault sobre la pieza, que producen su calentamiento.

Los tanques resonantes tambien llamados osciladores utilizados en la actualidad son el resonante serie y el resonante paralelo. Aunque ya desde hace algun tiempo se vienen construyendo generadores de alta potencia basados en estos dos osciladores, el exito nunca ha. Tal y como se explica en la introduccion de esta memoria, los puentes inversores utilizados deben operar sobre una carga inductiva corriente retrasada para evitar el fenomeno de la recuperacion inversa de sus diodos y la consiguiente ruptura de los transistores. De la restriccion topologica anterior se deduce que el generador paralelo debe conmutar a frecuencias inferiores a la resonancia, y el serie a frecuencias superiores.

A esta restriccion topologica hay que unir otra que es exclusiva del calentamiento por induccion: La corriente por la bobina de caldeo debe ser sinusoidal. De no ser asi, resultaria imposible disponer toda la potencia de calentamiento sobre la pieza en el espesor requerido por la aplicacion.

La conjuncion de las dos restricciones anteriores obligan al inversor paralelo a funcionar a la frecuencia de resonancia del oscilador. Esto imposibilita un control por variacion de frecuencia, regulandose la potencia desde la. Encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor de NMDA: Potencial eficacia del metotrexato.

The Sangre Por Salud Biobank: It is the result of a unique collaboration between Mayo Clinic and Mountain Park Health Center, a federally qualified community health center in Phoenix, Arizona. This report describes the rationale, development, implementation, and characteristics of the SPS Biobank. Participants provided a personal and family history of chronic disease, completed a sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral questionnaire, underwent a comprehensive cardiometabolic risk assessment anthropometrics, blood pressure and labs , and provided blood samples for banking.

Laboratory results of cardiometabolic testing were returned to the participants and their providers through the electronic health record. Results During the first 2 years of recruitment into the SPS Biobank, 2, patients were approached and 1, The cohort is primarily Spanish-speaking Most participants were born outside of the US The prevalence of overweight The majority of participants rated their health as good to excellent Conclusion Collaborative efforts such as the SPS Biobank are critical for ensuring that underrepresented minority populations are included in.

Latino adults ages years who were active patients within Mountain Park Health Center's internal medicine practice in Phoenix, Ariz. During the first 2 years of recruitment into the SPS Biobank, 2, patients were approached and 1, Collaborative efforts such as the SPS Biobank are critical for ensuring that underrepresented minority populations are included in precision medicine initiatives and biomedical. Racism in digital era: The purpose of this study was to develop the Perceived Online Racism Scale PORS to assess perceived online racist interpersonal interactions and exposure to online racist content among people of color.

Items were developed through a multistage process involving a comprehensive literature review, focus-groups, qualitative data collection, and survey of online racism experiences. Based on a sample of 1, racial minority participants, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a item bifactor model accounted by the general factor and the following 3 specific factors: Internal reliability estimates for the total and subscale scores of the PORS were above.

Limitations and future directions for research are discussed. Structural and functional probing of Por Z, an essential bacterial surface component of the type-IX secretion system of human oral-microbiomic Porphyromonas gingivalis. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a member of the human oral microbiome abundant in dysbiosis and implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal gum disease. Cargo proteins destined for secretion through T9SS carry a recognition signal in the conserved C-terminal domain CTD , which is removed by sortase Por U during translocation.

These include maturation of enzyme precursors, CTD removal and attachment of anionic lipopolysaccharide for anchorage in the outer membrane. Taken together, our results shed light on the architecture and possible function of a novel component of the T9SS. Knowledge of how T9SS operates will contribute to our understanding of protein secretion as part of host-microbiome interactions by dysbiotic members of the human oral cavity. Os resultados obtidos indicam uma aprendizagem significativa por parte dos participantes. Epidemiologia de las infecciones por arbovirus. Programa multidisciplinario de vigilancia de las enfermedades , infecciosas en zonas colindantes con la Carretera Transamazonica en Brasil.

Aplicacion al moldeo por inyeccion de polibutilentereftalato reforzado con fibra de vidrio". Mould materials for injection moulding of polymers and polymer-matrix composites represent a relevant industrial economic sector due to the large quantity of pieces and components processed. The material selection for mould manufacturing, its composition and heat treatment, the hardening procedures and machining and finishing processes determine the service performance and life of the mould.

In the first part of the present study, the relationship between the hardness and microstructure and the wear resistance of mould steels from large blocks has been studied by pin-on-disc tests, studying the main wear mechanisms. In order to determine the surface damage on mould steels under real injection conditions, different commercial steels have been studied by measuring the variation of surface roughness with the number of injected pieces with different reinforcement percentages and different mould geometries, by using optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy techniques.

It was important to determine the variation of surface roughness of the moulded pieces with the number of injection operations. For the different mould designs, the evolution of the glass fibre orientation with injection flow has been determined by image analysis and related to roughness changes and surface damage, both of the composite parts and of the mould steel surface. Finally, the abrasion resistance of the composite parts has been studied by scratch tests as a function of the number of injected parts and of the scratch direction with respect to injection flow and glass fibre orientation.

Los materiales para moldes de inyeccion de polimeros y materiales compuestos representan un sector economicamente muy relevante debido al gran aumento del numero de componentes fabricados a partir de materiales polimericos obtenidos mediante moldeo por inyeccion. La seleccion del material para la. We aimed to study the relationship between genetic variants influencing the activity of these enzymes and transporters with galantamine steady state plasma concentrations.

In this naturalistic cross-sectional study, 27 older patients treated with galantamine were included. The CYP2D6 genotype significantly influenced galantamine plasma concentrations. The influence of CYP2D6 polymorphisms on the treatment efficacy and tolerability should be further investigated. El proceso hacia la integracion de la equidad por genero al curriculo. A study examined the…. The goal of the POR FIN research design was to develop a language-based curriculum emphasizing the audiolingual approach and integrating academic and social-functioning subject matter.

The modular curriculum is designed so that each lesson is independent and complete in itself, and provides a high degree of motivation, retention, and achievement…. Esto sugiere que 0. Results of Mujeres Felices por ser Saludables: Data are limited on the efficacy of health-focused interventions for young, low-acculturated Latino women. Because breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the most common cause of cancer mortality in this population, combined interventions that address both early detection and dietary patterns could help reduce both morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer in this underserved population.

Mujeres Felices por ser Saludables was randomized intervention study designed to assess the efficacy of an 8-month combined dietary and breast health intervention to reduce fat and increase fiber intake as well as to increase the frequency and proficiency of breast self-examination BSE and reduce anxiety related to BSE among Latinas. The intervention group attended an 8-month multicomponent education program designed specifically for low-acculturated Latinas. The control group received mailed health education material on a schedule comparable to the intervention.

A total of women The intervention and control groups were similar on baseline sociodemographic characteristics. A Comparison in Mice. This allows us to distinguish between innovations that are a slight change to existing behaviours low magnitude , and innovations that are substantially different high magnitude. Using mathematical modelling and evolutionary computer simulations, we explored how aspects of social interaction, cognition and natural selection affect the frequency and magnitude of innovation. We show that high- magnitude innovations are likely to arise regularly even if the frequency of innovation is low, as long as this frequency is relatively constant, and that the selectivity of social learning and the existence of social rewards, such as prestige and royalties, are crucial for innovative behaviour to evolve.

We suggest that consideration of the magnitude of innovation may prove a useful tool in the study of the evolution of cognition and of culture. Iranian earthquakes, a uniform catalog with moment magnitudes.

A uniform earthquake catalog is an essential tool in any seismic hazard analysis. In this study, an earthquake catalog of Iran and adjacent areas was compiled, using international and national databanks. The following priorities were applied in selecting magnitude and earthquake location: In an effort to avoid the "boundary effect," since the newly compiled catalog will be mainly used for seismic hazard assessment, the study area includes the areas adjacent to Iran. The standardization of the catalog in terms of magnitude was achieved by the conversion of all types of magnitude into moment magnitude , M W, by using the orthogonal regression technique.

In the newly compiled catalog, all aftershocks were detected, based on the procedure described by Gardner and Knopoff Bull Seismol Soc Am The seismicity parameters were calculated for the six main tectonic seismic zones of Iran, i. Changes in the timing and magnitude of floods in Canada. It is expected that the global climate change will have significant impacts on the regime of hydrologic extremes. An increase in both the frequency and magnitude of hydrologic extremes is anticipated in the near future.

As a consequence, the design and operation of water resource systems will have to adapt to the changing regime of hydrologic extremes. This study explores trends in the timing and magnitude of floods in natural streamflow gauging stations in Canada. The seasonality of floods is analyzed and the selected streamflow stations grouped into five flood seasonality regions.

A common year long observation period from to is used in the analysis to eliminate the effect of hydro-climatic variability in the timing and magnitude of floods resulting from different observation periods. The timing of floods is described in terms of directional statistics. A method is developed for analyzing trends in directional dates of flood occurrence that is not affected by the choice of zero direction. The magnitude of floods is analyzed by the annual maximum and peak-over-threshold methods. Trends in the timing and magnitude of floods are identified in each flood seasonality region using the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test, with a modification for auto-correlated data.

The results show a good correspondence between the identified flood seasonality regions and the main terrestrial zones in Canada. Significant changes in the timing and magnitude of floods are found in the flood seasonality regions. In the EDZ, the permeability of the rock increases.

The annular EDZ surrounding the tunnel may act as a continuous and high-permeable pathway for the groundwater flow, which accelerates the intrusion of groundwater into the repository and increases the release of radionuclide into the biosphere from the repository.

Therefore an investigation on the magnitude of the EDZ has been important from the viewpoint of mechanical stability and radiological safety for a geological repository. The magnitude of EDZ was estimated to be 0. The magnitude of EDZ can be estimated to be about 2 m from the viewpoint of permeability, and the permeabilities in the EDZ seem to be increased at up to 2 orders of magnitude compared with those in the intact rock. The magnitude of EDZ estimated based on the permeability is larger than that from the Goodman jack test. The concept of maximum earthquake magnitude mx is widely used in seismic hazard and risk analysis.

However, absolute mx lacks a precise definition and cannot be determined from a finite earthquake history. The surprising magnitudes of the Sumatra and the Tohoku earthquakes showed that most methods for estimating mx underestimate the true maximum if it exists. Thus, we introduced the alternate concept of mp T , probable maximum magnitude within a time interval T. Here, we integrate the paleoseismic data in the Cascadia subduction zone to estimate mp. The Cascadia subduction zone has been seismically quiescent since at least Fortunately, turbidite studies have unearthed a 10, year record of great earthquakes along the subduction zone.

We thoroughly investigate the earthquake magnitude -frequency distribution of the region by combining instrumental and paleoseismic data, and using the tectonic moment rate information. To use the paleoseismic data, we first estimate event magnitudes , which we achieve by using the time interval between events, rupture extent of the events, and turbidite thickness. We estimate three sets of TGR parameters: Next, we calculate the corresponding mc.

What controls the maximum magnitude of injection-induced earthquakes? Three different approaches for estimation of maximum magnitude are considered here, along with their implications for managing risk. The first approach is based on a deterministic limit for seismic moment proposed by McGarr , which was originally designed for application to mining-induced seismicity. This approach has since been reformulated for earthquakes induced by fluid injection McGarr, In essence, this method assumes that the upper limit for seismic moment release is constrained by the pressure-induced stress change.

A deterministic limit is given by the product of shear modulus and the net injected fluid volume. This method is based on the assumptions that the medium is fully saturated and in a state of incipient failure. An alternative geometrical approach was proposed by Shapiro et al. This assumption reduces the maximum- magnitude problem to one of estimating the largest potential slip surface area within a given stimulated volume.

Finally, van der Elst et al. These three models imply different approaches for risk management. The deterministic method proposed by McGarr implies that a ceiling on the maximum magnitude can be imposed by limiting the net injected volume, whereas the approach developed by Shapiro et al. Finally, the sample-size hypothesis of Van der Elst et al. The latter two approaches suggest that real-time monitoring is essential for effective management of risk. A reliable estimate of maximum. The strain energy Est, as potential energy, released by an earthquake and the seismic moment Mo are two fundamental physical earthquake parameters.

The moment Mo, first obtained in by Aki, revolutioned the quantification of earthquake size and led to the elimination of the limitations of the conventional magnitudes originally ML, Richter, mb, Ms, m, MGR. Both Mo and Est, not in a 1-to-1 correspondence, are uniform measures of the size, although Est is presently less accurate than Mo. Est is partitioned in seismic- Es , fracture- Eg and frictional-energy Ef, and Ef is lost as frictional heat energy.

Related to Mo, Est and Es, several modern magnitudes were defined under various assumptions: Full Text Available Se presentan 42 esofagoplastias con segmentos pediculados de yeyuno. The indications, the main details of the technique, the complications, mortality and the late results are exposed. A new technique by a combined, abdominal and right thoracic route was used in 4 patients. The dehiscence of the esophagojejunal anastomosis was the most common complication 6 patients with 2 deaths.

Postoperative mortality was The interposed jejunal segment fulfilled efficiently the transit and sphincteral functions of the esophagus. It is concluded that this technique should be used to replace the distal esophagus in bening. Magnitude corrections for attenuation in the upper mantle. Since , a consistent discrepancy in seismic magnitudes of nuclear detonations at NTS compared with magnitudes of detonations elsewhere in the world has been observed. This discrepancy can be explained in terms of a relatively high seismic attenuation for compressional waves in the upper mantle beneath the NTS and in certain other locations.

A correction has been developed for this attenuation based on a relationship between the velocity of compressional waves at the top of the earth's mantle just beneath the Mohorovicic discontinuity and the seismic attenuation further down in the upper mantle. Our new definition of body-wave magnitude includes corrections for attenuation in the upper mantle at both ends of the teleseismic body-wave path. These corrections bring the NTS oservations into line with measurements of foreign events, and enable one to make more reliable estimates of yields of underground nuclear explosions, wherever the explosion occurs.

Magnitude and duration of stretch modulate fibroblast remodeling. Mechanical cues modulate fibroblast tractional forces and remodeling of extracellular matrix in healthy tissue, healing wounds, and engineered matrices. The goal of the present study is to establish dose-response relationships between stretch parameters magnitude and duration per day and matrix remodeling metrics compaction, strength, extensibility, collagen content, contraction, and cellularity.

Trends in matrix remodeling metrics as a function of stretch magnitude and duration were analyzed using regression analysis. Collagen density increased exponentially as a function of both the magnitude and duration of stretch, with samples stretched for the reduced duration per day having the highest levels of collagen accumulation.

Our results indicate that both the magnitude and the duration per day of stretch are critical parameters in modulating fibroblast remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and that these two factors regulate different aspects of this remodeling. These findings move us one step closer to fully characterizing culture conditions for tissue equivalents, developing improved wound healing treatments and understanding tissue responses to changes in mechanical environments during growth, repair, and disease states. Color- magnitude relations in nearby galaxy clusters.

We show that the color- magnitude relation parameters slope, zero-point, and scatter do not exhibit significant evolution within this low-redshift range. High- magnitude head impact exposure in youth football. OBJECTIVE Even in the absence of a clinically diagnosed concussion, research suggests that neurocognitive changes may develop in football players as a result of frequent head impacts that occur during football games and practices.

The objectives of this study were to determine the specific situations in which high- magnitude impacts accelerations exceeding 40g occur in youth football games and practices and to assess how representative practice activities are of games with regard to high- magnitude head impact exposure. Video recordings from practices and games were used to verify all high- magnitude head impacts, identify specific impact characteristics, and determine the amount of time spent in each activity.

Impacts were characterized based on the position played by the team member who received the impact, the part of the field where the impact occurred, whether the impact occurred during a game or practice play, and the cause of the impact. High- magnitude impacts occurred most frequently in the open field in both games The 2 teams in this study structured their practice sessions similarly with respect to time spent in each drill, but impact rates differed for each drill between the teams.

Image reconstruction from pairs of Fourier-transform magnitude. The retrieval of phase information from only the magnitude of the Fourier transform of a signal remains an important problem for many applications. We present an algorithm for phase retrieval when there exist two related sets of Fourier-transform magnitude data. The data are assumed to come from a single object observed in two different polarizations through a distorting medium, so the phase component of the Fourier transform of the object is corrupted.

Phase retrieval is accomplished by minimization of a suitable criterion function, which can take three different forms. We examined whether playing a computerized fraction game, based on the integrated theory of numerical development and on the Common Core State Standards' suggestions for teaching fractions, would improve children's fraction magnitude understanding. Fourth and fifth-graders were given brief instruction about unit fractions and played "Catch….

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Lower bound earthquake magnitude for probabilistic seismic hazard evaluation. This paper presents the results of a study that develops an engineering and seismological basis for selecting a lower-bound magnitude LBM for use in seismic hazard assessment. As part of a seismic hazard analysis the range of earthquake magnitudes that are included in the assessment of the probability of exceedance of ground motion must be defined. The upper-bound magnitude is established by earth science experts based on their interpretation of the maximum size of earthquakes that can be generated by a seismic source.

The lower-bound or smallest earthquake that is considered in the analysis must also be specified. The LBM limits the earthquakes that are considered in assessing the probability that specified ground motion levels are exceeded. In the past there has not been a direct consideration of the appropriate LBM value that should be used in a seismic hazard assessment. Topics addressed in the evaluation of a LBM are earthquake experience data at heavy industrial facilities, engineering characteristics of ground motions associated with small- magnitude earthquakes, probabilistic seismic risk assessments seismic PRAs , and seismic margin evaluations.

The results of this study and the recommendations concerning a LBM for use in seismic hazard assessments are discussed. Magnitude of stress and academic achievement of female students Stress is a universal phenomenon which no human being is free from. This paper examined the magnitude of stress and academic achievement of female students of the University of Ilorin.

It was a description survey type. The target population comprised the level female students from the four randomly selected Sequential sampling, magnitude estimation, and the wisdom of crowds. The present study reports findings from an experiment on magnitude estimation and supports these predictions. The study moreover demonstrates that systematic errors by groups of people can be corrected using information about the judgment A catalog of observed nuclear magnitudes of Jupiter family comets.

We discuss the reliability of the reported nuclear magnitudes in relation to the inherent sources of errors and uncertainties, in particular the coma contamination often present even at large heliocentric distances. A large fraction of the JF comets of our sample indeed shows various degrees of activity at large heliocentric distances, which is correlated with recent downward jumps in their perihelion distances. The reliability of coma subtraction methods to compute the nuclear magnitude is also discussed.

The catalog can be found at: Table 2 and Appendix B are only available in electronic form at http: Magnitude and predictors of excessive alcohol use in Ethiopia Alcohol an Obstacle to Development in East. Obesity in developing nations is no longer as uncommon as it was thought to be decades ago however paucity of data on the burden of obesity from urban communities was observed by previous workers.

To determine the magnitude of obesity and its relationship to blood pressure among urban adult Magnitude and gender distribution of obesity and abdominal Obesity and abdominal adiposity are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity in diabetes. This study evaluated their magnitude and gender distribution in Nigerians with Type 2 DM attending a tertiary care clinic. Magnitude and correlates of moderate to severe anemia among The rate of progression and mortality in this sub group of patients is high compared to non anemic patients.

In sub Saharan Africa with scale up of Anti retroviral therapy, the magnitude of this The magnitude -redshift relation in a perturbed Friedmann universe. A general formula for the magnitude -redshift relation in a linearly perturbed Friedmann universe is derived. The formula does not assume any specific gauge condition, but the gauge-invariance of it is explicitly shown.

Then the application of the formula to the spatially flat background model is considered and the implications are discussed. Determining on-fault earthquake magnitude distributions from integer programming. Earthquake magnitude distributions among faults within a fault system are determined from regional seismicity and fault slip rates using binary integer programming. A synthetic earthquake catalog i. Each earthquake in the synthetic catalog can occur on any fault and at any location. The objective is to minimize misfits in the target slip rate for each fault, where slip for each earthquake is scaled from its magnitude.

The decision vector consists of binary variables indicating which locations are optimal among all possibilities. Uncertainty estimates in fault slip rates provide explicit upper and lower bounding constraints to the problem. An implicit constraint is that an earthquake can only be located on a fault if it is long enough to contain that earthquake. A general mixed-integer programming solver, consisting of a number of different algorithms, is used to determine the optimal decision vector. The optimal magnitude distributions for each of the faults in the system span a rich diversity of shapes, ranging from characteristic to power-law distributions.

Rational number understanding is a critical building block for success in more advanced mathematics; however, how rational number magnitudes are conceptualized is not fully understood. In the current study, we used a dual-task working memory WM interference paradigm to investigate the dominant type of strategy i. Estimating the magnitude of food waste generated in South Africa. Full Text Available Throughout the developed world, food is treated as a disposable commodity.

Between one third and half of all food produced for human consumption globally is estimated to be wasted. However, attempts to quantify the actual magnitude of food wasted The existence of spatial components in the mental representation of number magnitude has raised the question regarding the relation between numbers and spatial attention.

We present six experiments in which this relation was examined using a temporal order judgment task to index attentional allocation. Results demonstrate that one important…. Analytical review of the magnitude and causes maternal death at Tanzania is one of the countries with the highest maternal mortalities in the word and sub Saharan Africa. However, recently there have been reports of a downward trend of this tragedy in Tanzania. This study was done to determine the magnitude and the causes of maternal deaths at Dodoma Representation of numerical magnitude in math-anxious individuals.

Larger distance effects in high math-anxious individuals HMA performing comparison tasks have previously been interpreted as indicating less precise magnitude representation in this population. A recent study by Dietrich, Huber, Moeller, and Klein limited the effects of math anxiety to symbolic comparison, in which they found larger distance effects for HMA, despite equivalent size effects. However, the question of whether distance effects in symbolic comparison reflect the properties of the magnitude representation or decisional processes is currently under debate. This study was designed to further explore the relation between math anxiety and magnitude representation through three different tasks.

HMA and low math-anxious individuals LMA performed a non-symbolic comparison, in which no group differences were found. Furthermore, we did not replicate previous findings in an Arabic digit comparison, in which HMA individuals showed equivalent distance effects to their LMA peers.

Lastly, there were no group differences in a counting Stroop task. Altogether, an explanation of math anxiety differences in terms of less precise magnitude representation is not supported. We examined, on a trial-by-trial basis, fraction magnitude comparison strategies of adults with more and less mathematical knowledge.

College students with high mathematical proficiency used a large variety of strategies that were well tailored to the characteristics of the problems and that were guaranteed to yield correct performance if executed…. Passive seismic monitoring at the ketzin CCS site - Magnitude estimation. In order to allow quantification of the strength of local micro-seismic events recorded at the CCS pilot site in Ketzin in terms of local magnitude , earthquake data recorded by standardized seismometers were used. Earthquakes were selected that occurred in Poland and Czech Republic and that were. The colour- magnitude diagram of NGC Magnitude , precision, and realism of depth perception in stereoscopic vision.

Our perception of depth is substantially enhanced by the fact that we have binocular vision. This provides us with more precise and accurate estimates of depth and an improved qualitative appreciation of the three-dimensional 3D shapes and positions of objects. We assessed the link between these quantitative and qualitative aspects of 3D vision. Specifically, we wished to determine whether the realism of apparent depth from binocular cues is associated with the magnitude or precision of perceived depth and the degree of binocular fusion.

We presented participants with stereograms containing randomly positioned circles and measured how the magnitude , realism, and precision of depth perception varied with the size of the disparities presented. We found that as the size of the disparity increased, the magnitude of perceived depth increased, while the precision with which observers could make depth discrimination judgments decreased.

Beyond an initial increase, depth realism decreased with increasing disparity magnitude. This decrease occurred well below the disparity limit required to ensure comfortable viewing. Magnitude and predictors of excessive alcohol use in Ethiopia: Humans exhibit considerable motor variability even across trivial reaching movements. This variability can be separated into specific kinematic components such as extent and direction that are thought to be governed by distinct neural processes. Here, we report that individual subjects males and females exhibit different magnitudes of kinematic variability, which are consistent within individual across movements to different targets and regardless of which arm right or left was used to perform the movements.

Simultaneous fMRI recordings revealed that the same subjects also exhibited different magnitudes of fMRI variability across movements in a variety of motor system areas. These fMRI variability magnitudes were also consistent across movements to different targets when performed with either arm. Cortical fMRI variability in the posterior-parietal cortex of individual subjects explained their movement-extent variability. This relationship was apparent only in posterior-parietal cortex and not in other motor system areas, thereby suggesting that individuals with more variable movement preparation exhibit larger kinematic variability.

We therefore propose that neural and kinematic variability are reliable and interrelated individual characteristics that may predispose individual subjects to exhibit distinct motor capabilities. Although intertrial variability is rarely studied, here, we demonstrate that individual human subjects exhibit distinct magnitudes of neural and kinematic variability that are reproducible across movements to different targets and when performing these movements with either arm. Furthermore, when examining the relationship between cortical variability and movement variability, we find that cortical fMRI variability in parietal cortex of individual subjects explained their movement extent variability.

This enabled us to explain why some subjects. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca, ed. On the internal representation of numerical magnitude and physical size. The GRT was applied to the dimensions of numerical magnitude and physical size with the following goals: The results revealed various violations of independence and separability with Stroop incongruent, but not with Stroop congruent stimuli. The outcome suggests that there are deep differences in architecture between Stroop congruent and incongruent stimuli that reach well beyond the semantic relationship involved.

On the frequency- magnitude law for fractal seismicity. There are some evidences in favor of multifractal property of seismic process. In this case the choice of the scale exponent 'c' is not unique. Theoretical analysis is supplemented with an analysis of California data for which the above issues were recently discussed on an empirical level.

Full Text Available Earthquake-induced deformation structures which are called seismites may helpful to clasify the paleoseismic history of a location and to estimate the magnitudes of the potention earthquakes in the future. In this paper, seismites were investigated according to the types formed in deep and shallow lake sediments. Seismites are observed forms of sand dikes, introduced and fractured gravels and pillow structures in shallow lakes and pseudonodules, mushroom-like silts protruding laminites, mixed layers, disturbed varved lamination and loop bedding in deep lake sediments.

Earthquake-induced deformation structures, by benefiting from previous studies, were ordered according to their formations and earthquake magnitudes. In this order, the lowest eartquake's record is loop bedding and the highest one is introduced and fractured gravels in lacustrine deposits. The systematic follow-up of the normal pregnancy by means of a mother-fetus ultrasonography study has demonstrated that for each pregnancies, we must to expect a significant anomaly of urinary tract.

The more frequent anomaly detected is the high urinary tract dilatation, which if not always it is a significant alteration, leads to a postnatal study to assess its significance. A high urinary tract dilatation may to give rise to an obstructive hydronephrosis. Colors and absolute magnitudes are calculated using both a standard Milky Way extinction law and one for the Large Magellanic Cloud that has been modified by circumstellar scattering. Similarly, while the scatter in colors between neighboring filters is small in the optical and somewhat larger in the near-UV, the large scatter in the uvm2 - uvw1 colors implies significantly larger spectral variability below A.

We find that in the near-UV the absolute magnitudes at peak brightness of normal SNe Ia in our sample are correlated with the optical decay rate with a scatter of 0. We find no strong correlation between either the UV light-curve shapes or the UV colors and the UV absolute magnitudes. With larger samples, the UV luminosity might be useful as an additional constraint to help determine distance, extinction, and metallicity in order to improve the utility of SNe Ia as standardized candles. Assignment problems have various applications in the real world because of their wide applicability in industry, commerce, management science, etc.

Traditional classical assignment problems cannot be successfully used for real life problem, hence the use of fuzzy assignment problems is more appropriate. In this paper, the fuzzy assignment problem is formulated to crisp assignment problem using Magnitude Ranking technique and Hungarian method has been applied to find an optimal solution.

Liliana Morales; Myriam L. Correlating precursory declines in groundwater radon with earthquake magnitude. Both studies at the Antung hot spring in eastern Taiwan and at the Paihe spring in southern Taiwan confirm that groundwater radon can be a consistent tracer for strain changes in the crust preceding an earthquake when observed in a low-porosity fractured aquifer surrounded by a ductile formation. Recurrent anomalous declines in groundwater radon were observed at the Antung D1 monitoring well in eastern Taiwan prior to the five earthquakes of magnitude Mw: For earthquakes occurring on the longitudinal valley fault in eastern Taiwan, the observed radon minima decrease as the earthquake magnitude increases.

The above correlation has been proven to be useful for early warning local large earthquakes. In southern Taiwan, radon anomalous declines prior to the Mw 6. For earthquakes occurring on different faults in southern Taiwan, the correlation between the observed radon minima and the earthquake magnitude is not yet possible. Magnitude relations for earthquakes and explosions. The authors present M[sub o]: The observations for m[sub b] P[sub n] range from about 3 to 6 and show excellent separation between earthquakes and explosions on M[sub o]: The scatter in M[sub o]: M[sub b] observations for NTS explosions is small compared to the earthquake data.

These results, and the small scatter for NTS explosions, suggest weak dependence of M[sub o]: A simple theoretical model is developed which matches all these observations. The model uses scaling similarity and conservation of energy to provide a physical link between seismic moment and a broadband seismic magnitude.

Three factors, radiation pattern, material property, and apparent stress, contribute to the separation between earthquakes and explosions. This theoretical separation is independent of broadband magnitude. For US explosions in different media, the material property and apparent stress contributions are shown to compensate for one another, supporting the observations that M[sub o]: M[sub b] is nearly independent of source geology.

Number magnitude to finger mapping is disembodied and topological. It has been shown that humans associate fingers with numbers because finger counting strategies interact with numerical judgements. At the same time, there is evidence that there is a relation between number magnitude and space as small to large numbers seem to be represented from left to right.

In the present study, we investigated whether number magnitude to finger mapping is embodied related to the order of fingers on the hand or disembodied spatial. We let healthy human volunteers name random numbers between 1 and 30, while simultaneously tapping a random finger. Either the hands were placed directly next to each other, 30 cm apart, or the hands were crossed such that the left hand was on the right side of the body mid-line.

The results show that naming a smaller number than the previous one was associated with tapping a finger to the left of the previously tapped finger. This shows that there is a spatial disembodied mapping between number magnitude and fingers. Furthermore, we show that this mapping is topological rather than metrically scaled. Rapid determination of earthquake magnitude is of importance for estimating shaking damages, and tsunami hazards.

However, due to the complexity of source process, accurately estimating magnitude for great earthquakes in minutes after origin time is still a challenge. Mw is an accurate estimate for large earthquakes. However, calculating Mw requires the whole wave trains including P, S, and surface phases, which takes tens of minutes to reach stations at tele-seismic distances.

To speed up the calculation, methods using W phase and body wave are developed for fast estimating earthquake sizes. Besides these methods that involve Green's Functions and inversions, there are other approaches that use empirically simulated relations to estimate earthquake magnitudes , usually for large earthquakes. The nature of simple implementation and straightforward calculation made these approaches widely applied at many institutions such as the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, the Japan Meteorological Agency, and the USGS.

Here we developed an approach that was originated from Hara [], estimating magnitude by considering P-wave displacement and source duration. We introduced a back-projection technique [Wang et al. The introduction of back-projection improves the method in two ways. Firstly, the source duration could be accurately determined by seismic array.

Secondly, the results can be more rapidly calculated, and data derived from farther stations are not required. This system can offer fast and robust estimates of magnitudes and rupture extensions of large earthquakes in 6 to 13 min plus. Una propuesta con estudiantes de Bacteriolog? Existen conceptos que se emplean cotidianamente, como es el de?

Sin embargo, se evidencia que en la educaci?

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