Contents:
The purpose of this work is The purpose of this work is to define a methodology for the analysis of the surface temperature maps of coastal waterbodies and watercourses from satellite images for quality assessment and for regulatory purposes. Three different procedures are developed in order to study the temperature field of waterbodies, to extract the temperature profile at a fixed distance from the coastline and to analyse the cross sections of the watercourses as prescribed by the law.
Extraction and analysis of surface temperature patterns are undertaken using image segmentation techniques.
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Statistical parameters and temperature profile are extracted in order to verify compliance with legal limits. The use of the developed procedures enables the individuation and quantification of thermal anomalies such as industrial discharges both in the sea and in watercourses. A technique for spatial sharpening of thermal imagery of coastal waters and of watercourses more. Although satellite thermal infrared TIR remote sensing is a valuable tool for the thermal mapping of coastal waters and watercourses, it has many problematic issues, the most important of which are linked to spatial resolution.
In the literature, several algorithms for sharpening thermal imagery can be found. Nevertheless, most of them are devoted to land temperature and are not applicable to water—land mixed pixels. In this article, a new algorithm for sharpening water thermal imagery SWTI at the water—land boundaries is presented. SWTI is based on the assumption that a relationship exists between the TIR radiance emitted by the pixels of the scene and the fractional water coverage, the fractional non-vegetated soil coverage and a variable describing the presence of vegetated soils.
The algorithm works on a pixel by pixel basis and the results are accepted or refused using an analysis of variance ANOVA test. Different variables were tested to represent vegetated soils, and the SWTI sensitivity to them has been inspected. The performance of SWTI has been studied using visual inspection and statistical and simulation methods.
Visual inspection indicated that the spatial enhancement was significant for most of the water surfaces and, in particular, for watercourses. Expected and maximum errors were 1 and 1. Further research is required to confirm the accuracy and performance analysis using methods based on accurate and higher resolution thermal imagery and on ground measurements. The goal of the work is to observe the evolution of the marshes in The goal of the work is to observe the evolution of the marshes in terms of extension and to evaluate the success of wetland restoration on the base of multispectral and multitemporal MODIS images collected in Its detectors measure 36 spectral bands between 0.
These data with their low spatial resolution but high time frequency are suitable for regional-scale time-series studies. These radiative transfer codes require, in input, atmospheric vertical profiles, aerosol optical thickness AOT and columnar water vapour content WV. Vertical profiles are obtained from the nearest meteorological station or by climatological data set. Then different classifications Pixel- and Object-Oriented have been tested, compared and discussed to evaluate the best approach to apply on regional-scale time-series studies.
We calculated the area around the high-voltage power lines in the Reggio Emilia municipality, northern Italy, with estimated magnetic field exposure above 0. We retrieved new cases of ALS diagnosed among residents in Reggio Emilia municipality between and , using several data sources such as death certificates, clinical records, hospital discharge registers and drug prescriptions.
The SRV Project is The project philosophy is to implement, by incremental versions, specific modules which allow to process, store and visualize through Web GIS tools This document presents the modules developed for the preprocessing of Earth Observation EO data. These modules concern the automatic calibration, georeferencing, mosaiking, atmospheric and topographic correction. The project provides the capability to maintain a repository where the acquired data are stored and generates products offering a support to risk managers during the different volcanic activity phases.
All the products are obtained considering technical choices and developments of ASI-SRV based on flexible and scalable modules which take into account also the new coming space sensors and new processing algorithms. An important step of the project development regards the technical and scientific feasibility of the provided products that depends on the data availability, accuracy algorithms and models used in the processing and of course the possibility to validate the results by means of comparison with non-EO independent measurements.
The produced results will be disseminated through a WEB-GIS interface which will allow the DPC to overview and assimilate the products in a compatible format respect to their local monitoring system in order to have an immediate use of the provided information. The processing modules for EO Optical sensors data are based on procedures those allow to estimate a number of parameters which include: For the analysis of the surface thermal characteristics, the available algorithms allow to extract information useful to detect small changes in the retrieved parameters.
ASI-SRV foresees the generation of significant information also for the definition of the new lava and ash cover distribution after the end of an eruption. We identified the corridors along the high-voltage power lines in the municipalities of Modena and Reggio Emilia, northern Italy, with estimated magnetic fields exposure cutoffs of 0. We identified all cases of We identified all cases of leukemia diagnosed in children age residing in these two municipalities during the period through a nation-wide hospital-based registry.
As a control group we randomly selected four residents for each case, matched for year of birth, sex and municipality of residence. Statistics , Epidemiology , and Public health systems and services research. Volcanic risk system SRV: Coordinated by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia INGV , which is responsible at national level for the volcanic monitoring, the project has as main objective to develop a pre-operative system based on EO data and ground measurements integration to support the volcanic risk monitoring of the Italian Civil Protection Department.
The project philosophy is to implement specific modules which allow to process, store and visualize through Web GIS tools EO derived parameters considering three activity phases: The SRV project will be tested his operational capabilities on three Italian volcanoes: Etna, Vesuvio and Campi Flegrei. The objective of the project is to develop a pre-operative system based on EO data and ground measurements integration to support the volcanic risk monitoring of the Italian Civil Protection Department which requirements and need are well integrated in the GMES Emergency Core Services program.
The project philosophy is to implement, by incremental versions, specific modules which allow to process, store and visualize through Web GIS tools EO derived parameters considering three activity phases: In order to combine effectively the EO data and the ground networks measurements the system will implement a multi-parametric analysis tool, which represents and unique tool to analyze contemporaneously a large data set of data in "near real time".
Etna,Vesuvio and Campi Flegrei. The main goal of the SRV project is to define, develop and demonstrate tools and products, based on the EO data, to support the risk management decision procedures. This is achieved through the development of data processing modules dedicated to the generation of specific products and to the dissemination of the information to the end-users in a form suitable for decision making. An important step of the project development regards the technical and scientific feasibility of the provided products.
ASI-SRV provides the capability to import many different EO and Non EO data into the system, it maintains a repository where the acquired data have to be stored and generates selected products which will be functional to the different volcanic activity phases.
The processing modules for Radar and EO Optical Risk of congenital anomalies around a municipal solid waste incinerator: Background Waste incineration releases into the environment toxic substances having a teratogenic potential, but little epidemiologic evidence is available on this topic.
We aimed at examining the relation between exposure to the We aimed at examining the relation between exposure to the emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator and risk of birth defects in a northern Italy community, using Geographical Information System GIS data to estimate exposure and a population-based case-control study design. By modelling the incinerator emissions, we defined in the GIS three areas of increasing exposure according to predicted dioxins concentrations. Results Among women residing in the areas with medium and high exposure, prevalence of anomalies in the offspring was substantially comparable to that observed in the control population, nor dose-response relations for any of the major categories of birth defects emerged.
Furthermore, odds ratio for congenital anomalies did not decrease during a prolonged shut-down period of the plant. Conclusion Overall, these findings do not lend support to the hypothesis that the environmental contamination occurring around an incineration plant such as that examined in this study may induce major teratogenic effects. International Journal of Health Geographics. Temperature map and spectral emissivity have been retrieved by means of the TIR re- gion data collected by the DAIS airborne hyperspectral sensor on the Solfatara, Campi Flegrei, Italy, during the July 27, flight.
During the DAIS flight a contem- poraneous field campaign was carried out in order to measure the surface temperature in the Solfatara crater and a radiosonde has been launched to measure the local at- mospheric profile. A normalized vegetation index filter has been used to select in the Solfatara crater scene the areas not covered by vegetation upon which the temperature and emissivity retrieval algorithms have been applied.
The temperature map has been finally validated with the field measurements and the spectral emissivity image has been compared with the spectra available for the mineralogical species that cover the Solfatara crater. Estimation of SO 2 abundance in the eruption plume of Mt. In this paper, an algorithm is developed based on the split-window technique, to estimate the SO2 abundance in the plume of Mt. The SO2 flux is variable along the plume axis. Finally, by means of this algorithm it should be easier, with respect to the previously described procedure to monitor the SO2 flux of a specific volcano such as Mt.
Risk of hematological malignancies associated with magnetic fields exposure from power lines: Adverse pregnancy outcomes in a population exposed to the emissions of a municipal waste incinerator more. Some contaminants emitted by municipal waste incinerators are believed to adversely affect reproductive health in the exposed populations; yet only limited and conflicting epidemiologic evidence on this issue has been provided so far. In this study we analyzed rates of spontaneous abortion and prevalence at birth of congenital anomalies in women residing or working near the municipal solid waste incinerator of Modena, northern Italy, during the period and who experienced higher levels of exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, compared to the remaining municipal population.
In women residing in two areas close to the incinerator plant with increasing exposure to dioxins, we did not detect an excess risk of miscarriage relative risk [RR] 1. Among female workers employed in the factories located in the exposed areas, we did not observe a higher risk of spontaneous abortion RR 1. Overall, the study results provide little evidence of an excess risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to emissions from a modern municipal solid waste incinerator.
Science of The Total Environment. Image fusion represents an important tool for remote sensing data elaborations. This technique is used for many purposes. Very often it is used to produce improved spatial resolution. The most common situation is represented by a pair of The most common situation is represented by a pair of images: Starting from these images fusion produces a new multispectral image with a spatial resolution equal, or close, to that of the PAN. Very often fusion introduces important distortions on the pixel spectra. This fact could compromise the extraction of information from the image, especially when using an automatic algorithm based on spectral signature such as in the case of image classification.
The methods studied are also compared with two classical fusion methods, the intensity, hue and saturation IHS and standardized principal components SPC. Fused results are studied and compared using various tests including supervised classification. Most of the tests used have been extracted from literature regarding the assessment of spatial and spectral quality of fused images. This study shows that the methods based on multiresolution decomposition outperform the classical fusion methods considered with respect to spectral content preservation.
Moreover, it is shown that some of the quality tests are more significant than others. The discussion of this last aspect furnishes important indications for data quality assessment methods. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24, Thermal mapping is an highly relevant tool for the assessment of the quality of coastal waters. Remote sensing is an useful technique for monitoring large surfaces in near real time, nevertheless, spatial resolution represents an Remote sensing is an useful technique for monitoring large surfaces in near real time, nevertheless, spatial resolution represents an important limiting factor.
Jan Publication Name: International Journal of Remote Sensing. A new analytical pourpose to study the impact ofwater potabilization on humic substance activity more. The addition of Na hypochlorite induces strong modifications in the chemical-physical characters of drinking waters, that involve the humic substances HS The addition of Na hypochlorite induces strong modifications in the chemical-physical characters of drinking waters, that involve the humic substances HS activity and, indirectly, the fate of the elements associated to HS.
The case studied is a drinking water distribution net in Italy, in the town of Castelfranco Emilia Modena, Northern Italy. Ten water samplings were performed from June to July SPOT 5 imagery for soil salinity assessment in Iraq more. This phenomenon can seriously compromise vegetation health and agricultural productivity, and represents a worldwide This phenomenon can seriously compromise vegetation health and agricultural productivity, and represents a worldwide environmental problem.
Remote sensing is a very useful tool for soil salinization monitoring and assessment. In this work we show some results of a study aimed to define a methodology for soil salinity assessment in Iraq based on SPOT 5 imagery. Surface parameters evaluated from satellite remote sensing images for pollutant atmospheric dispersion modelling more.
The atmospheric impact of stack emissions from a tri-generation power plant that will be installed in an urban area in the central Po valley are studied and compared to the impact of the existing plant conventional boilers EURES will therefore be transformed to support both specific groups of workers with a high propensity for mobility and employers experiencing recruitment difficulties in their home territory. The EURES network will be opened to new providers, thereby increasing its outreach capacity on the job vacancy market and expanding the pool of suitable candidates.
This should provide easier access to more employment opportunities and support employers in recruiting the talented and skilled workers they need. Education, training and re-skilling in line with the labour market needs, and well-functioning employment services that support the matching of jobseekers with vacancies also within Member States are all crucial in this respect.
Under the proposed regulation, the ESF can contribute to promoting employment and supporting labour mobility by several means, including local employment initiatives and support for labour mobility which will improve the access to employment of job-seekers and inactive people. Al-Qaeda addestra convertiti all'Islam per compiere nuovi attentati. Gli ufficiali militari yemeniti hanno affermato che al-Qaeda starebbe addestrando cittadini europei nelle zone meridionali del paese.
Gli Stati membri e il Consiglio mantengono contatti regolari con gli altri partner per quanto riguarda la minaccia terroristica. Gli Stati membri discutono regolarmente della minaccia terroristica nell'ambito dei competenti organi del Consiglio. The AP said that all the agencies had spoken on condition of anonymity because they were not authorised to discuss the case publicly. He is in his 30s and does not come from an immigrant background.
He converted to Islam in and subsequently became radicalised and travelled to Yemen to receive terrorist training. He is believed still to be there. Yemeni military officials say they have information on Europeans training with al-Qaeda in the southern part of the country. Is the Council aware of these latest reports of a Norwegian al-Qaeda operative who is prepared to carry out a terror plot?
Is the Council prepared to coordinate efforts among the Member States in order to ensure that they are all informed of the nature of this threat? Member States and the Council are in regular contact with other partners on the terrorist threat. For example, representatives from the Norwegian authorities were invited to the Council's Terrorism Working Party in the aftermath of the Oslo attacks in July last year. The coordination between Member States on terrorism issues is carried out within the competent Council bodies as well as in bilateral and multilateral fora.
Member States discuss the terrorist threat regularly in the competent Council bodies. Tuttavia, il capo di Boko Haram, Abubaker Shekau, ha di recente dichiarato che tali supposizioni sono vere e anche il governo nigeriano le condivide. He believes that the three most dangerous groups operating in Africa are: The three groups are intent on creating Islamic states across North Africa. In the past there were questions over the connections between al-Qaeda and African-based jihadist groups, but there was always uncertainty over whether there was a direct, operational link.
However, the head of Boko Haram, Abubakar Shekau has now declared that this is true, and the Nigerian Government supports the notion. Possible coordination and cooperation between AQIM, Boko Haram and al-Shabab is a matter of serious concern in need of continued attention. The three groups' agendas and objectives are distinct but they all stand to gain from such cooperation. Following the Malian government's loss of control over the north of the country, the existence of a safe haven for extremists and organised criminals in the north of Mali adds a new and dangerous dimension to the situation.
The EU is working with the authorities in all the countries concerned, both in terms of political and security dialogue as well as concrete practical support through the EDF and the Instrument for Stability. The EU Strategy for Security and Development in the Sahel, aiming at supporting the countries' efforts, is now fully in the process of operational implementation, including significant concrete measures to address regional security and development challenges.
It recognises the competences of the Member States in the area of the organisation of sports but also states that action at EU level can address challenges such as violence and intolerance linked to sporting events. Is the Commission intending to introduce measures to ensure that the organisation and promotion of major sporting events will henceforth be subject to safety inspections?
The Commission does not intend to introduce new measures to ensure that the organisation of major sporting events is subject to safety inspection. The Commission intends to continue to implement the Positive Agenda with Turkey in the most constructive way possible, while taking due account of the concerns of the Member States. Fremskydning af arbejdet med definition af hormonforstyrrende stoffer. Kommissionen agter at overholde sine retlige forpligtelser i henhold til forordning EF nr. New research from the University of Southern Denmark shows that the children of female gardeners who have been in contact with pesticides containing endocrine-disrupting chemicals are being affected by these substances, despite the women having stopped working with the pesticides early in their pregnancy.
Before this definition is presented, national authorities are unable to ban pesticides on the basis of their endocrine-disrupting properties. In view of the new findings from the University of Southern Denmark, it is appropriate for the European Commission to develop its work to define endocrine-disrupting chemicals to make it possible to ban pesticides containing these substances. Will the European Commission take the research from the University of Southern Denmark into consideration when working to define endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and does the Commission think that the definition process can be developed?
If its work to produce a definition will not be completed until , will the Commission allow the Danish authorities to introduce a ban on those pesticides which, according to the research from the University of Southern Denmark, have endocrine-disrupting properties affecting the children of women who have been in contact with the pesticides during pregnancy? The Commission intends to take into account all relevant research on endocrine disruptors in an effort to arrive at a suitable definition of endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
The Commission will determine in due course the definition process required. This process will be discussed with the relevant ad-hoc groups, involving the Member States and other relevant partners. The question of a possible Danish ban is therefore not relevant. How does the Commission intend to overcome bureaucratic problems regarding health insurance issues for students who want to study in another Member State? As a matter of principle, students staying temporarily in the country where they pursue their studies are regarded as still residing and insured in their home country.
They are therefore entitled to necessary healthcare in the country where they are studying on the same conditions as persons insured in that country. This not only means that they should be treated under the same conditions, but also that they will have to pay any patient fees that might apply. The European Health Insurance Card confirms this entitlement to necessary healthcare within the public healthcare system. A student can obtain the card by contacting the competent institution in the home country where they are insured.
A student who is not insured in their home country should contact the social security institution of the country where they are studying. The institution will then assess the situation and determine whether the student can be considered as residing and insured in the country where they are studying. A student who is employed during their studies is regarded as insured in the country of employment. They should therefore contact the social security institution of the country where they are employed to find out more about their right to healthcare.
In the case of student mobility in the framework of the Erasmus programme, the sending higher education institution has the obligation to inform outgoing students about the arrangements regarding insurance in the host country and to verify that they have sufficient coverage. In the USA, in order to arrest people trafficking in this type of information, the FBI created an online forum where users could exchange stolen information on accounts and credit cards.
This brought to light dozens of persons who were stealing hundreds of millions of dollars. The Commission is aware of the growing threat of identity theft as a crime, of which trafficking in credit card information is but one form. EC3 will serve to better coordinate information flows and cooperation and thus to enable a more effective response to cybercrime threats, including those related to payment card fraud, phishing and identity theft.
Furthermore, the Commission is participating in the SecuRe Pay Forum dealing with the security of retail payments that has been set up by the Eurosystem. It is a voluntary cooperation between EU overseers and supervisors to address weaknesses and vulnerabilities in the field of payments security. The Commission and Europol participate as observers. The Commission is currently conducting a study on identity theft and on possible measures to address this issue.
The economic crisis and job losses have put services previously taken for granted by European citizens at risk. Furthermore, the dramatic reduction in household incomes means that in some cases it is almost impossible for households to pay their electricity bills.
Can the Commission tell me whether it is collecting data on the percentage of European citizens with problems meeting their basic electricity needs? To what extent is the increase in this percentage in Member States badly affected by the economic crisis? Does it intend to take specific initiatives and make specific proposals to Member States that are implementing programmes and that have been included in the EFSF, in order to determine the increased number of households without electricity? According to these figures, the percentage of households unable to keep their home adequately warm between and has increased in the following Member States: In Greece, the percentage has increased considerably among the population living with an income below the poverty threshold from The percentage of people with arrears on utility bills between and has risen in the following Member States: Figures for should be available within the coming months.
In its communication Reference: Can the Commission see the danger that, due to the crisis, some Member States are falling behind in the effort to obtain EU investment in new technologies? What are its proposals for Member States to reverse this situation? Less developed regions and those affected by the crisis may use KETs to modernise the industrial base and improve competitiveness resulting in growth and jobs.
The KETs policy aims to reinforce technological excellence in Europe. KETs will also be included in the context of strategies for smart specialisation to identify a regions' niche in EU value chains and allocate funding. Smart specialisation is an ex-ante conditionality for the ERDF. Given the high investment costs of KETs projects, it is essential to use synergies between funds.
Member States and regions should proceed similarly with the implementation of smart specialisation strategies and the KETs cluster-specific actions. KETs feed many value chains. KETs based products often provide great added value when integrated into complex systems. These subsequent applications result in greater economic growth and competitiveness. According to Cedefop data, the economic crisis has aggravated the phenomenon of part-time employment or underemployment of the youth in many Member States.
The most telling fact of all is that most young people who are underemployed say that they want to and are ready at any time to take up full-time work. Has it discovered a significant increase in underemployment and the creation of part-time jobs compared to full-time ones for the youth in the EU? In which countries is the phenomenon most apparent? Does the Commission have data showing that Community resources are mainly being used to create full-time jobs for the youth?
Underemployment concerns people who are employed part-time, but who wish and are available to work more hours. This includes rechanneling funds from areas with lower uptake of funding to measures which support the transition of young people from education to employment and their efforts to find an open-ended contract. The EU cannot, however, ensure that jobs created thanks to structural funds' investments are full-time: The problem of homelessness, together with that of citizens in need of social protection, is growing in many European countries faced with unprecedented economic difficulties.
Have other Member States have made use of resources for this purpose? Homelessness is examined by the Commission in the framework of the European Platform against Poverty. The European Regional Development Fund co-funds housing interventions in favour of marginalised groups of the population and as part of an integrated approach which includes, in particular actions in the fields of education, health, social affairs, employment and security and desegregation measures.
These actions may be co-funded with other sources of funding, including the European Social Fund to promote labour market integration of marginalised groups. A number of countries, including Bulgaria, Spain, Romania, Greece and Hungary, are exploring the possibility to set up operations and fund a number of local or regional pilot integrated housing interventions.
France has proceeded to modify operational programmes to allow interventions in this field. These interventions are targeting principally, but not exclusively, Roma marginalised communities. The percentage remains at 3. The acute situation with regard to youth unemployment has meant that both at EU and national levels much attention has been concentrated on this segment of the population.
Participation of the low-skilled in lifelong training remains a priority. Priorities for are set in line with the strategic objectives of ET The annual Labour Force Survey is the source of data on participation in lifelong learning. Zunahme des Menschenhandels zum Zweck der sexuellen Ausbeutung. Menschenhandel ist ein Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit, und doch nimmt er weltweit zu, nicht zuletzt in Europa.
Warum stellt der Menschenhandel nach Auffassung der Kommission auch im Jahrhundert noch immer ein solches unermessliches Problem dar? Daher ist es wichtig, koordiniert und umfassend gegen den Menschenhandel vorzugehen. Human trafficking is a crime against humanity, yet it is on the rise globally, not least in Europe. The main victims of this appalling crime are young women and girls, enslaved and exploited for sex. Could the Commission say who the victims of human trafficking are?
From where do these victims come? The recently adopted EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings stresses that it is the slavery of our times. Traffickers constantly adapt their methods. Therefore, it is important to address human trafficking in a coordinated and comprehensive manner. It prioritises the prevention of the crime, the prosecution of traffickers, the protection of the victims, cooperation and coordination.
Due to the complexity of trafficking in human beings, it is difficult to gauge its full extent. Comparable and reliable data is however very important. In the autumn of , the Commission, in cooperation with Eurostat, will publish detailed results. The Commission views protection and assistance of victims as a priority.
In addition to guaranteeing the victim's human rights, effective protection and assistance, measures are stipulated covering a wide spectrum: Griechenland wirkt an den Arbeiten dieser Gruppe mit. According to recent figures published by the Commission, How can the Commission contribute to advancing educational reform on pre-school and school education? What policies have to be adopted? What steps need to be taken to improve educational outcomes, thus helping reduce school drop-out rates?
Will the Commission consider launching an analysis with a view to improving data on early school leaving in vocational education and training? It underlines the need to invest in evidence-based and comprehensive policies and especially in prevention and intervention measures; a policy framework annexed to the recommendation provides further detail on the most relevant and successful measures to reduce ESL. While Member States are solely responsible for the organisation of their education systems, the Commission supports them by promoting the exchange of experiences and good practices at EU level.
First results will be available by end ; Greece is represented in this group. The Commission also intends to improve the knowledge base on early school leaving processes in Europe, especially in the area of vocational education and training. Currently the Commission is assessing the quality and availability of existing data and information; targeted studies in this area might follow.
That unfavourable report was submitted shortly before the publication of the last European Commission report on child poverty and child welfare. It is thought that not enough information or enough statistics are being collected to properly examine the issue of child poverty. Up-to-date information on child poverty must be made available to put in place appropriate measures for child protection. Could the Commission explain the lack of up-to-date statistical information when such reports are being prepared? Could the Commission give more information about the current available funding for the collection of statistics on child poverty in the EU?
For this purpose, the draft SILC ad hoc module currently being prepared by Eurostat is expected to collect, inter alia , 13 material deprivation variables dedicated to children. It should be noted that in the SILC survey children are not directly interviewed but the information on their situation is gathered by dedicated questions to the adults of their household. No other funding is foreseen at EU level for the collection of statistics on poverty and social exclusion in general and child poverty in particular. All the experts in these fields agree that the solution is to address these issues within schools and families.
Does the Commission agree with the analysis that social behaviour in Europe tends to be laden with prejudices against diversity, which are reflected in attitudes such as those mentioned above, and which lead to contempt towards others, with sometimes very serious consequences? Would the Commission agree that tackling these attitudes from an early age would improve diversity acceptance rates? Adequate policies at national level combating prejudices both at schools and at all levels of society are key to improve diversity acceptance rates of citizens.
How does the Council assess the abovementioned recommendations for surplus countries to implement policies on rebalancing? Does it agree with these recommendations? If so, what policies were indicated by the results of these assessments? In the context of the European Semester, the Commission subsequently conducted an in-depth analysis of the countries specified in the report, which gave rise to recommendations to correct the identified imbalances under the preventive arm of the procedure.
Among the 27 country-specific recommendations, twelve identified risks related to excessive macroeconomic imbalances and proposed actions to be taken to allow early identification and prevention of excessive imbalances. The implementation of the recommendations will be monitored closely and on an ongoing basis by the Commission services.
The Council is open to discussing them, whenever they are submitted to it by the Commission. The Council has not discussed specifically recommendations made by the International Monetary Fund but it may take its views and conclusions into consideration. How does the Commission assess the abovementioned recommendations for surplus countries to implement policies on rebalancing? The Commission concurs with the International Monetary Fund conclusions mentioned by the Honourable Member in her question on the need to adjust nominal wage growth to the specific conditions of Member States, in particular their productivity levels and the need to restore competitiveness.
As stated by the Commissioner in charge for Economic and Monetary affairs and quoted in the question, the Commission agrees that countries with a significant current account surplus can contribute to rebalancing by removing unneccessary constraints on domestic demand and it encourages incentives to the latter via wage increases in line with productivity in these countries. Moreover, in a number of cases the CSRs encouraged individual Member States to strenghten the link between wages and productivity levels. The Commission is currently undertaking a study regarding surplus economies which will become available in the following months.
In particular, can it supply details regarding the following: The experts of the Committee analysed scientific articles as well as publications from the industry available at that time. Regarding diet, the main aspect quoted in the report is the impact of different lighting regimes on feed conversion rates. Further detailed information can be found in the references provided at the end of the report. How will the Union ensure that upcoming trade and investment agreements with Egypt are consistent with human rights obligations and EU development policy?
In relation to proposed trade agreements, when can outcomes of impact assessments be expected including environmental, sustainability and human rights impact assessments? How will it ensure that informed, inclusive and transparent public debate can take place in Egypt on trade negotiations? The human rights' clauses of these agreements will therefore continue to apply. Measures trade or non-trade could also be proposed to maximise the benefits of the DCFTAs and to prevent or minimise potential negative impacts.
This assessment will be carried out in close consultation with local CSOs. The views of Civil Society, in particular as regards democratic and social reforms, will continue to be fully taken into account in the assessment of the progress achieved by the partner countries. This is undoubtedly a particularly important step towards the eradication of human trafficking across the Member States. This is a particularly pertinent issue in Northern Ireland which has recently become a thoroughfare for traffickers into both England and the Republic of Ireland.
Joint investigation teams have been proposed as a means to facilitate this cooperation:. The Commission also funds projects related to the establishment of JITs. The criteria, according to which projects are to be funded, are specific to each call for proposals. The Commission report on minor use pesticides has been long promised.
Can the Commission provide an exact date when Parliament might expect to receive this report? Tale principio sarebbe stato inserito per un maggiore risparmio per le Amministrazioni dello Stato e per un miglioramento dei saldi di bilancio. Infatti, nel settore privato italiano, si giunge al massimo, in alcuni contratti collettivi, alla previsione dell'omesso pagamento dei primi tre giorni di malattia, subentrando dal quarto giorno l'Istituto nazionale per la previdenza sociale INPS ; inoltre, nessun contratto priva il lavoratore della retribuzione o di una parte sostanziale di essa oltre il terzo giorno.
La normativa nazionale descritta dall'onorevole parlamentare riguarda il trattamento economico per i periodi di malattia dei dipendenti pubblici italiani. Tali disposizioni inoltre non contemplano il caso di condizioni lavorative differenti tra dipendenti del settore pubblico e dipendenti del settore privato. Le normative citate si riferiscono al coordinamento dei sistemi di sicurezza sociale per i lavoratori che si spostano tra gli Stati membri dell'UE. Esse quindi non riguardano in alcun modo il trattamento di malattia.
Gli articoli del Trattato citati dall'onorevole parlamentare riguardano peraltro politiche e iniziative dell'Unione di portata generale e di conseguenza non sono applicabili ai provvedimenti nazionali degli Stati membri. La legislazione europea contro le discriminazioni contempla unicamente cause specifiche di discriminazione. La legislazione europea contro le discriminazioni non contempla la discriminazione tra diversi settori di occupazione o diverse mansioni lavorative.
This is without prejudice to any more favourable treatment to which they may be entitled under collective agreements or sector-specific rules on absences resulting from accidents at work or work-related illnesses or hospitalisation, or on absences due to serious illnesses that require life-saving treatment. This provision was apparently included in order to save the government money and improve the state of public finances. However, the provisions of this law appear to result in an unlawful disparity in treatment between employees in the public sector and those in the private sector.
In the Italian private sector, under the least favourable collective agreements, pay is stopped for the first three days of absence, with the Istituto Nazionale per la Previdenza Sociale the national welfare body for the private sector taking over from the fourth day; furthermore, under no collective agreement are workers deprived of their pay, or a substantial portion of it, beyond the third day. The national measures described by the Honourable Member relate to rates of sick pay within the Italian public service.
However, none of the labour law or health and safety directives referred to by the Honourable Member relate to sick pay, which is a competence of the Member States.
Furthermore, this legislation does not address any differences in working conditions between workers in the public sector and workers in the private sector. They therefore, bear no relevance to sick pay. Moreover, the Treaty articles mentioned by the Honourable Member generally relate to EU policies and actions and, as such, are not applicable to national measures of the Member States.
EU anti-discrimination legislation only covers specific grounds of discrimination. EU anti-discrimination legislation does not cover discrimination between different sectors of employment or different working positions. Therefore, any question regarding the legitimacy of a differential treatment between workers of the public sector and workers of the private sector has to be solved under national law.
La task force ha scoperto che la vaga architettura giuridica istituita in Kosovo dall'UE e dall'UNMIK si era tradotta in una mancanza di trasparenza quanto al modo in cui erano spesi i fondi dei donatori. In fact, between and , the same task force coordinated 50 investigations into UNMIK-managed money flows, most of which came up with nothing.
It is clearly in the public interest to disclose them, as taxpayers have a right to know how EU money has been spent. At a follow-up check, subsequent to this current inquiry, EULEX' prosecutors informed their Headquarters in EEAS, that out of the alleged 11 files referred to in the question, they had handled 3 criminal cases of such a nature.
Ad esempio, nel villaggio egiziano di Abou Aziz, nella regione di Minya, alcuni residenti sostengono che i Fratelli musulmani abbiano allestito cliniche sanitarie mobili atte a eseguire l'intervento. In calce all'elenco vi era la seguente frase: La terza strategia consiste nel propugnare la depenalizzazione di tale pratica, con il pretesto che dovrebbe trattarsi di una scelta personale del tutore della ragazza interessata.
L'approccio utilizzato si propone di modificare le norme sociali e gli atteggiamenti a livello della popolazione locale.
Vice-President Neelie Kroes participated in sessions on the European political landscape, economic growth and the cooperation of sovereign states in cyberspace. The SO2 column abundance maps shown in this paper have been obtained by means of a simple algorithm based on the split-window technique. This work furnishes an important evaluation to the group working on the 'Sicilia' campaign and,it may be useful for all the MIVIS users. Griechenland wirkt an den Arbeiten dieser Gruppe mit. Up-to-date information on child poverty must be made available to put in place appropriate measures for child protection.
Come prevede di affrontare la questione della mutilazione genitale femminile in Egitto, posto che i Fratelli musulmani si sono dimostrati favorevoli a questa pratica? Quali iniziative intende adottare al fine di sensibilizzare il Presidente egiziano neoeletto, Mohammed Morsi, alle conseguenze della mutilazione genitale femminile?
For example, in the Egyptian village of Abou Aziz in the region of al-Minya, some residents allege that the Muslim Brotherhood operates mobile health clinics which carry out the procedure. However, the writer of the Open Democracy report discovered a flyer from the Freedom and Justice Party posted in Abou Aziz which listed its medical specialities. At the bottom of the list, it read: A nationwide campaign had previously been mounted in Egypt to show that the custom is not religiously prescribed.
However, the Muslim Brotherhood has developed a strategy to undermine efforts to stamp out the practice. Secondly, the Muslim Brotherhood is working to present FGM as a medical procedure, which can be done under anaesthesia. Yet FGM is not mentioned in any medical textbooks. The third strategy is to push for the decriminalisation of the practice, under the pretext that it should be left as a personal choice for the guardian of the girl concerned.
In the parliament, the Muslim Brotherhood had objected to the criminalisation of the practice under the Child Law passed in The approach is aimed at changing social norms and attitudes at grass-roots level. The precarious situation of women in Egypt is worrying and needs to be addressed swiflty with the adoption and implementation of appropriate legal measures which are required to fight efficiently violence and discrimination against women and to ensure gender equality.
The eradication of the practice of female genital mutilation deserves particular attention being contrary to fundamental human rights and international conventions. Promoting gender equality has been a longstanding priority of the EU's action in Egypt.
The EU seeks to promote gender equality in Egypt by supporting Egyptian authorities' efforts to promote women's rights, by mainstreaming gender equality in its political dialogue with the Egyptian authorities and by proactively supporting civil society initiatives that promote women's rights. The EU will continue to raise its concerns on women's rights in the country, including on the FGM practice, at the highest possible level. The robotics industry is a thriving sector of the economy, and the use of robots is expected to increase significantly in the upcoming years.
However, the increasing use of robotics may also raise unprecedented ethical issues. How does the Commission intend to address any ethical concerns that may arise in relation to the use of robotics? The Commission is aware of ethical, legal and societal issues related to robotics. The plan to address ethical issues is as follows:. The Commission puts emphasis on ethical issues, ensuring that projects pay attention to them.
The Commission invests into research addressing ethical and legal issues further. We draw the attention of the Honourable Member that this area is still emerging and lacks workable solutions. The Commission is entering into a structured dialogue with civil society and other stakeholders to discuss ethical and legal issues of robotics and plans workshops with institutions such as the European Trade Union Confederation and the European Consumers' Organisation, BEUC.
The European robotics community intends to address ethical, legal and societal issues of robotics and the inclusion of civil society stakeholders their strategic research priorities which they plan to carry as a possible Public-Private Partnership in Robotics. The Commission monitors the development of these priorities.
The Prime Minister further called upon the European Union to threaten sanctions in the event of a use of force. What is the position of the High Representative with regard to these requests and what is the nature of the sanctions that would be envisaged in this particular case? The statement further recalled that the threat or use of force does not contribute to a resolution of the conflict.
These incidents highlight the importance of a functioning incident investigation mechanism as proposed by the OSCE. Moreover, they reinforce the need for progress in the negotiation process. The energy efficiency directive proposed by the Commission in is regarded as a major tool for achieving the desired target. Unlike other targets, the energy efficiency target is not legally binding. What alternative measures does the Commission intend to propose in order to ensure that the target is met? According to the provisions of the new Energy Efficiency Directive, if approved by the co-legislators, Member States are required to set national non-binding energy efficiency targets.
This could include a proposal for binding national energy efficiency targets. In the context of this policy development, the European Union aims to be granted permanent observer status in the Arctic Council. The Commission, the European External Action Service and EU agencies have participated as ad hoc observers in Arctic Council meetings and engaged actively in its working groups. Contacts and dialogue with the consecutive Norwegian, Danish and Swedish chairmanships have been frequent and constructive. On the other hand, the crisis has rendered European industries less competitive, which is detrimental to efforts to boost growth, and foreign involvement is beneficial to Europe.
Recently many Chinese companies attempting mergers or acquisitions in Europe have found themselves encountering resistance. The Commission drafted an external public procurement initiative in March which will limit access to the public procurement market to outsiders, including China. Given that Chinese investment is critical to economic recovery in the eurozone, how does the Commission propose to maintain foreign interest in the future while pursuing such measures to protect European industry?
The Commission will in due time come forward with a recommendation to the Council for opening negotiations. Europe is suffering from record rates of unemployment, but also from a shortage of highly skilled workers, particularly in the fields of science, technology and engineering. What is the Commission doing to reduce the numbers of highly skilled workers leaving the EU? Adoption of the Professional Qualifications Directive would further facilitate the much needed recognition of professional qualifications.
The communication on ERA aims inter alia to reduce brain drain by completing an open labour market for researchers. Actions are proposed on the open, transparent and merit-based recruitment of researchers, cross-border access to and portability of grants, and setting up structured innovative doctoral programmes. The Commission is revising the Students' and Researchers' Directives to facilitate the entry of third country students and researchers thus increasing the number of highly skilled individuals in EU. The Commission has discussed the possibility of giving national law enforcement authorities access to Eurodac from , in order to combat terrorism and serious crime.
What is the assessment of the misuse of Eurodac data to date? However, these changes will not make the protection of information contained in the Eurodac database more difficult to manage as there are clear safeguards delineating who may access Eurodac data and under what circumstances. In future Member States will have to send a copy of the data subject's request for access to the competent national supervisory authority. This in order to prove that the request did in fact come from the data subject and that such searches are not being carried out inappropriately.
Subsidies voor France Terre d'Asile. Aangezien in het logo van de organisatie het logo van de Europese Unie verwerkt is, kon de indruk gewekt worden dat de Europese Unie zelf achter deze kandidaat stond. De projecten werden op nationaal niveau geselecteerd door de nationale, voor het fonds verantwoordelijke autoriteit in dit geval het Franse ministerie van Binnenlandse zaken.
If so, how much did it receive in and ? What rules apply in this situation? France Terre d'Asile has only received finance from the Commission to implement projects. The projects have been selected at national level by the national Responsible Authority in charge of the Fund in this case the French Ministry of Interior. Within the Community Actions of the ERF, several projects were awarded by the Commission following a call for proposals in and , among which three projects had France Terre d'Asile as a partner.
Within the Pilot project on Resettlement, following a call for proposals in , two projects were selected, among which one has France Terre d'Asile as a partner. Ontving dat initiatief enige steun van de Europese Unie? If so, how much support is being provided?
Is this initiative supported by the European Union? If so, in what way and by what amount? Implementering af forordning EU nr. Kommissionens forordning EU nr. This report was based on a series of tests carried out on scanning technology at 14 airports. They all stress that any implementation, whether full or partial, will cause more inconvenience and have greater consequences for passengers. A large proportion of their liquids, including perfumes and spirits, will be seized as a result of errors in the scanning procedure.
If so, on what basis? If the Commission does decide to implement this regulation, what will the time frame for implementation be? How will the Commission ensure that the same situation will not be repeated? With respect to the first question of the Honourable member, the Commission together with Member States' experts and industry stakeholders in the field of aviation security organised trials at EU airports and analysed this and other relevant information in respect of liquid screening. Its accessibility will therefore be restricted to the experts directly working on the file.
Therein the Commission concludes that the risk posed by liquid explosives to civil aviation is still significant and LEDS manufacturers have made substantial progress to develop instruments which can adequately address this risk. The Commission describes the socioeconomic conditions in Greece, Spain, Italy and Portugal as particularly worrying.
At the same time, thousands of Greek and Spanish citizens are leaving their countries, migrating to countries such as Germany, Australia and Canada which have not been significantly affected by the crisis. Given these statistics, will Commissioner Olli Rehn answer the following:. In view of the results of this report, do you believe that the current financial and economic policy is still appropriate? How can a united Europe bring about such inequalities and dismal conditions for some of its otherwise similar Members?
The economic crisis is also a social crisis for Europe with dire consequences for many EU citizens. From the outset the Commission has worked tirelessly to minimise the impact of the crisis above all on the vulnerable. The ongoing necessary fiscal consolidation needs to take place in as growth-friendly manner as possible, since growth is a key pre-requisite for employment creation. Social protection expenditure remains indispensable to provide a safety net for those most hit by the crisis and the vulnerable.
Therefore, under European Semester, many Member States received recommendations to modernise welfare states to improve their targeting and cost-effectiveness, to improve employment support and activation policies for vulnerable groups and also to alleviate poverty, including in-work poverty.
Important decisions were also taken to bring forward the banking union to break the negative nexus between the bankes and the sovereign. In combination with the implementation of programmes and country-specific recommendations under the European Semester, this should over time restore the situation for EU citizens everywhere. Can the Commission indicate when the Indect research project will be completed and what stage the project is currently at? How much of the funding planned for and allocated to the Indect research project has already been distributed at the time this question was tabled?
Aanwezigheid van commissarissen op Bilderberg-bijeenkomst. Verschillende leden van de Europese Commissie namen deel aan deze conferentie. In welke hoedanigheid waren zij daar aanwezig? Vertegenwoordigden zij officieel de Commissie? Brachten zij binnen de Commissie verslag uit over de besprekingen die tijdens de bijeenkomst werden gehouden? De heer Pierre Vimont, uitvoerend secretaris-generaal van de Europese dienst voor extern optreden, nam eveneens deel. Aan de vergadering nam geen ambtenaar van de Europese Commissie deel.
De genoemde leden van de Europese Commissie namen aan de vergadering deel op grond van een persoonlijke uitnodiging. Vicevoorzitter Almunia nam deel aan de zittingen inzake concurrentiebeleid, de economische situatie en de euro. Vicevoorzitter Neelie Kroes nam deel aan de zittingen over het Europese politieke landschap, de conomische groei en de samenwerking van souveraine landen in cyberspace. De reiskosten werden door de Commissie betaald, zoals voor elke dienstreis. Various members of the European Commission took part in this conference.
In what capacity were they present? Were they officially representing the Commission? Did they report to the Commission on the discussions held during the meeting? Is this information available to the public, in accordance with transparency of administration? If not, why not? Were their travel and subsistence expenses paid by the Commission?
If so, how much did these expenses amount to? The meeting was not attended by any official of the European Commission. The abovementioned Members of the European Commission attended the meeting as participants on a personal invitation. Vice-President Almunia participated in sessions on competition policy, on the economic situation and the euro.
Vice-President Neelie Kroes participated in sessions on the European political landscape, economic growth and the cooperation of sovereign states in cyberspace. Commissioner De Gucht's participation was focused in sessions on the economic and political outlook for China, the state of Trans-Atlantic relations and the future of democracy in the developped world. The travel expenses incurred were paid by the Commission, as for any mission.
The wide-ranging commentaries were linked to a report by the Panoptykon Foundation, a body which deals with the state surveillance of society. In , this record, considered a disgrace in the European Union, was regrettably beaten by the Polish services. These data may be accessed for legitimate reasons by competent authorities, on conditions and in compliance with legal procedures set out in national law in compliance with the Charter of Fundamental Rights. The Commission is aware of the concerns expressed by a number of stakeholders regarding the directive.
The Commission is in favour of a mechanism for transparent and meaningful monitoring of the retention of, access to and use of communications data, noting that in a number of Member States including Poland competent authorities usually submit the same request for mobile telephone data to multiple service providers, thus distorting the statistics. The Commission therefore earlier this year wrote to the Member States with guidance on how statistics and qualitative information should be collated and it is examining the responses which have been received.
Riesame dell'elenco delle sostanze prioritarie nel settore della politica delle acque. Recentemente sono stati presentati dati nuovi che sollevano dubbi in merito all'inclusione di determinate sostanze nell'elenco di sostanze prioritarie proposto. La Commissione aveva proceduto all'inserimento di tali sostanze nell'elenco a seguito dell'analisi di studi precedentemente condotti dal Comitato scientifico dei rischi sanitari e ambientali CSRSA. Quali azioni ha intrapreso per evitare l'avvio, da parte degli Stati membri, di inutili e onerose iniziative finalizzate alla limitazione e al monitoraggio delle sostanze in questione?
Questa procedura ha coinvolto esperti degli Stati membri e delle parti interessate. I costi di monitoraggio connessi alla proposta della Commissione sono limitati e in parte compensati dalla riduzione della frequenza dei controlli per alcune sostanze indicate nella proposta. New data has recently been presented that raises questions about the inclusion of some substances on the proposed list of priority substances. What has the Commission done to avoid Member States initiating unnecessary and costly efforts to limit and monitor these substances?
The scientific and technical justification for selecting the proposed priority substances, according to the significant risk they pose to or via the aquatic environment, is based on a solid and thorough process that has screened thousands of chemicals and identified 15 new substances for listing.
This process involved Member States and stakeholders' experts. The environmental quality standards to be respected for the proposed substances have been favourably reviewed by the Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks. The monitoring costs attached to the Commission proposal are limited and partly offset by the reduced monitoring frequency for some substances specified in the proposal. In line with the principle of subsidiarity, it is for the Member States to choose the most suitable measures they wish to implement at river basin level.
Las larvas del picudo se alojan en el interior del tronco donde se alimentan del tejido tierno. Las inspecciones oficiales en dicho sitio deben realizarse al menos cada tres meses. The Palmeral of Elche is of major importance from a cultural and historical point of view as a unique example of Arab agricultural techniques in Europe.
However, there are sound reasons for believing that its origins may be even more ancient and could date back to the time of Phoenician and Roman settlement in the region. This pest, which appears to have originated in Egypt, has spread along the entire Mediterranean coast and has affected a large number of southern European countries. Without treatment or early detection, an attack by these insects leads to the death of the affected palm trees.
The larvae of the weevil burrow into the middle of the trunk where they feed on the soft tissue. The spread is rapid as the insect can fly from tree to tree. In terms of economic damage, amongst other things, this pest particularly affects palm tree growers, mainly small and medium-sized enterprises which have seen their plantations destroyed, with the associated economic losses. What measures will the Commission take to try to control the red palm weevil pest affecting palm tree growers? In the context of the common agricultural policy, are there any plans for compensating producers affected by insect pests from third countries?
In the Commission amended this decision, providing stricter measures. According to this legislation, susceptible plants originating in third countries where the organism is known to occur, shall have been growing under specific conditions, during a period of at least one year prior to export, to ensure that no signs of RPW have been observed. Official inspections are carried out at least every three months within this site.
Furthermore, a dedicated research project is funded from Framework Programme 7, for early detection, eradication, control and containment of RPW. Such measures are not implemented in Spain. El informe detalla que quienes aplican estas terapias pertenecen a cinco grandes grupos: It goes on to say that many patients derive some comfort from the perception that their symptoms or their wellbeing are improved through the use of various natural therapies.
The report states that the practitioners of these therapies fall into five main groups: Only centres staffed by qualified doctors are legally recognised. A regulated profession is a professional activity access to which, and the pursuit of which is subject directly or indirectly to the possession of a professional qualification.
The directive shall be applied to all nationals of a Member State wishing to access or pursue a regulated profession in a Member State. It is however within the competence of the individual Member States to regulate a profession. For this reason, in its proposal for modernising the Professional Qualifications Directive, the Commission introduces a mutual evaluation mechanism on regulated professions. If adopted, Member States will have to notify the list of professions for which they require a specific qualification, justify the need for regulating these professions and evaluate them on a mutual basis.
According to the data available in the regulated professions database, naturopathy natural health medicine is regulated, in Switzerland, Hungary, Iceland and in Lichtenstein. Accordingly, in Member States where the profession is not regulated, there is to the knowledge of the Commission, no specific professional qualifications restricting access to or pursuit of such a profession. It appears that accumulated radiation increases the risk of developing a tumour, although no direct relationship between accumulated radiation and the emergence of tumours has been shown, the relationship is only statistical.
According to a report in The Lancet, the risk of children under 10 developing leukaemia or brain tumours is higher the greater the number of doses received. Modern radiological practices are far less aggressive than they were a few years ago, particularly due to the more frequent use of magnetic resonance imaging, but also because doctors insist on avoiding radiography and CT scans that are not strictly necessary.
Does it think it would be a positive for this data to feature in the clinical notes of every European citizen? Does the Commission not think that this data would make it easier to study the relationship between the doses of radiation received, medical problems and the age at which they appear? The Commission shares the growing concerns regarding the justification and optimization of some radiological procedures and has undertaken a series of initiatives to address them.
The proposal also specifies that Member States shall determine the distribution of individual dose estimates from medical exposure taking into account the age distribution and the gender of the exposed population. Taking this into account, we could easily conclude that there will not be enough fuel forest biomass to supply them even if the potential production of biomass from logging operations were to double.
Many citizens fear that they are burning waste from various sources with serious consequences for the environment and public health. Does it not believe that this shows a clear lack of foresight which will have very negative consequences in the future? In addition to the reply to the question referred to by the Honourable Member the Commission is of the view that it is not possible to conclude on the availability of forest biomass to supply the power plants of Catalonia using this type of fuel.