Edge of Allegiance
Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. During the Pledge, proper etiquette requires military personnel in uniform to salute, while other citizens place their right hand on their heart.
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Men should remove their hats during the pledge. There was confusion about who wrote the pledge, James B. September 18, - The pledge is published for the first time in the juvenile magazine "The Youth's Companion.
Barnette , the Supreme Court rules that requiring a person to say the pledge is violating the first and fourteenth amendments. But individuals and groups challenged the laws. Notably, Jehovah's Witnesses maintained that reciting the pledge violated their prohibition against venerating a graven image. In , the Supreme Court ruled in the Witnesses' favor, undergirding the free-speech principle that no schoolchild should be compelled to recite the pledge. A decade later, following a lobbying campaign by the Knights of Columbus—a Catholic fraternal organization—and others, Congress approved the addition of the words "under God" within the phrase "one nation indivisible.
The bill's sponsors, anticipating that the reference to God would be challenged as a breach of the Constitutionally mandated separation of church and state, had argued that the new language wasn't really religious. The case originated when Michael Newdow, an atheist, claimed that his daughter a minor whose name has not been released was harmed by reciting the pledge at her public school in Elk Grove, California.
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If she refused to join in because of the "under God" phrase, the suit argued, she was liable to be branded an outsider and thereby harmed. The appellate court agreed. Complicating the picture, the girl's mother, who has custody of the child, has said she does not oppose her daughter's reciting the pledge; the youngster does so every school day along with her classmates, according to the superintendent of the school district where the child is enrolled. Proponents of the idea that the pledge's mention of God reflects historical tradition and not religious doctrine include Supreme Court justices past and present.
Atheists are not the only ones to take issue with that line of thought.
Advocates of religious tolerance point out that the reference to a single deity might not sit well with followers of some established religions. After all, Buddhists don't conceive of God as a single discrete entity, Zoroastrians believe in two deities and Hindus believe in many.
Pledge of Allegiance
Both the Ninth Circuit ruling and a number of Supreme Court decisions acknowledge this. But Jacobsohn predicts that a majority of the justices will hold that government may support religion in general as long as public policy does not pursue an obviously sectarian, specific religious purpose.
Bellamy, who went on to become an advertising executive, wrote extensively about the pledge in later years. I haven't found any evidence in the historical record—including Bellamy's papers at the University of Rochester—to indicate whether he ever considered adding a divine reference to the pledge. So we can't know where he would stand in today's dispute.
But it's ironic that the debate centers on a reference to God that an ordained minister left out.
And we can be sure that Bellamy, if he was like most writers, would have balked at anyone tinkering with his prose. Subscribe or Give a Gift. Humans Reached the Roof of the World 40, Years. It was their last album as a duo 's Big Shot in the Dark would find them replacing their well-worn drum machine with a real-life rhythm section , so it was a transitional effort in that respect, but it also brought to fruition the musical maturity and sense of nuance that had been blossoming since the pair's debut. No longer were Pat and Barbara K. MacDonald singing merely about the personal or the political; they were combining the two, and at times using one as a metaphor for the other, with multi-layered songs like the incisive "Standard White Jesus" perhaps Timbuk 3 's crowning achievement , "B-Side of Life," and "Acid Rain.
As such, Edge of Allegiance was Timbuk 3 's least funky record; only "Count to Ten" kept that aspect of the band's sound intact. But Pat MacDonald 's lyrical observations and facility with wordplay were razor sharp here, and as a collection of intelligent pop songs, the album ranks with the best of its period.
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In three short verses, "Wheel of Fortune," sung by both vocalists over a stark guitar accompaniment, sums up the bittersweet reality of relationships more elegantly than do most songs given twice as much space. AllMusic relies heavily on JavaScript. Please enable JavaScript in your browser to use the site fully.
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