Contemporary Psychoanalytic Foundations: Postmodernism, Complexity, and Neuroscience

Download Contemporary Psychoanalytic Foundations: Postmodernism, Complexity, And Neuroscience

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The observed correspondences are superficial and hardly support the complex edifice of psychoanalytic theory. In summary, neuropsychoanalysis is being used a way to justify long-standing models, without attempting to find something new or to develop an integration of perspectives on psychology. However, Eric Kandel, 44 influential in the light of his Nobel Prize for the study of the neurochemistry of memory, has taken a sympathetic view of the use of biological methods to study psychoanalytic theory.

Kandel had wanted to be an analyst before becoming a neuroscientist. Another attempt to reconcile psychoanalysis with science has come from the literature on neuroplasticity.

Contemporary Psychoanalytic Foundations: Postmodernism, Complexity, and Neuroscience

There is also evidence that CBT can produce brain changes that are visible using imaging. However, Norman Doidge, a Canadian psychoanalyst, has argued that psychoanalysis can change the brain. While these books have been best-sellers, most of their ideas in the second volume, 49 based on anecdotes rather than on clinical trials, have had little impact in medicine. This story underscores the difficulty of reconciling the perspectives and methods of psychoanalysis with scientific methods based on empirical testing.

Psychoanalysis claimed to be a science but did not function like one. It failed to operationalize its hypotheses, to test them with empirical methods, or to remove constructs that failed to gain scientific support. Today, with few psychiatrists or clinical psychologists entering psychoanalytic training, the door has been opened to practitioners with backgrounds in other disciplines, including the humanities. This trend is related to a hermeneutic mode of thought, 50 which focuses on meaningful interpretations of phenomena, rather than on empirical testing of hypotheses and observations.

Since the time of Freud, the typical psychoanalytic paper has consisted of speculations backed up with illustrations, similar to the methods of literary theory and criticism. It proposes that truth is entirely relative and often governed by hidden social forces. Some humanist scholars have adopted the ideas of Jacques Lacan, a French psychoanalyst who created his own movement and whose eccentric clinical practice resembled that of a cult leader.

While only a few contemporary psychoanalysts have embraced postmodernism, the humanities have made use of psychoanalytical concepts for their own purposes as a way of understanding literature and history.

In , the British Journal of Psychiatry published a debate about whether the journal should accept psychoanalytic case reports. Wolpert argued that psychoanalytic case reports should be excluded because they are in no way scientific. But while Fonagy himself is committed to empiricism, he represents a very small minority in a field that lacks that commitment. Unfortunately, the modern revisions of psychoanalysis do not offer a coherent response to critics. It is difficult to see how any of the current responses to criticism can save psychoanalysis from a continued and lingering decline.

Analysis has separated itself from psychiatry and psychology by teaching its method in stand-alone institutes. The field may only survive if it is prepared to dismantle its structure as a separate discipline and rejoin academia and clinical science. Whatever its limitations, psychoanalysis left an important legacy to psychiatry. It taught a generation of psychiatrists how to understand life histories and to listen attentively to what patients say. In an era dominated by neuroscience, diagnostic checklists, and psychopharmacology, we need to find a way to retain psychotherapy, whose basic concepts can be traced back to the work of Freud, as part of psychiatry.

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Can J Psychiatry v. Published online Jan Joel Paris , MD 1. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Revising the Paradigm Almost no scientific theory or medical treatment that is a century old can be expected to survive without major changes. Is Psychoanalytic Treatment Evidence-Based? Neuropsychoanalysis In an era in which psychiatry is dominated by neuroscience-based models, psychological constructs tend to be neglected and may be taken seriously only when they have neural correlates.

Psychoanalysis and the Humanities Psychoanalysis claimed to be a science but did not function like one. Conclusions In , the British Journal of Psychiatry published a debate about whether the journal should accept psychoanalytic case reports. Footnotes Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The fall of an icon: University of Toronto Press; The history of psychotherapy: American Psychological Association; Hogarth Press; , , CPD consists of any educational activity which helps to maintain and develop knowledge, problem-solving, and technical skills with the aim to provide better health care through higher standards.

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Toggle navigation Additional Book Information. Description Table of Contents Author s Bio. Summary Past scholars have tried to classify psychoanalysis as an intrinsically positivist science, with varying degrees of success. Table of Contents Introduction.

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