International Perspectives on Disability Services: The Same But Different

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This implies that in Sweden they promote people being able to stay at home for as long as possible, independence and care within the community. I am bought up in Italy and during my 3 years of undergrad i was a live in carer. The discrimination on the grounds of disability is illegal throughout Italy.

When it comes to work, according to the Italian legislation, an organisation that hires 15 to 50 employees should have at least 1 or 2 handicapped people. Certain benefits, such as lower Social Security contribution, are granted to companies that hire disabled people. Workers with special needs are supported by various legislative bodies. While there is no discrimination against the disabled in terms of employment or education, some amount of societal discrimination does exist. Most of the major cities in Italy are now making efforts to accommodate people with disabilities.

Many buildings and structures have installed ramps, so that people on wheelchairs face less difficulty getting in and out of the premises. The public transport has also become a lot more user-friendly for handicapped people in the last few years. All Italian residents who are disabled, including the visually impaired and war invalids, are entitled to mobility allowance, just by obtaining a free Blue Card from a Blue Hall or a ticket counter. On June 25, , legislation establishing measures for the benefit of persons with disabilities entered into effect in Italy Law No.

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The stated purpose of the new legislation is to promote the well-being, full social inclusion, and autonomy of persons with disabilities through the implementation of certain key principles set forth in the Italian Constitution: The legislation also aims at implementing related provisions of the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights O.

This duty may be carried out through collaboration between municipalities. I looked into the Canadian perspective on social care and disability. Their system is very much similar to the UK, with some obvious differences. Most of the home and community care services are provided by provincial, territorial and some municipal governments, which support from the federal government.

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Those who can receive such services are par with the UK, including those with frailty, disability, medical condition or family members who need support in caregiving. Some Canadian families pay for private health care either because they are not eligible for funding or because they require additional support services that is not covered under the home care system Government of Canada, On this note, some insurance companies to not cover the costs of social work services, therefore some families living in Canada are excluded from such services — mainly those from the lowest and lower middle-income families Towns and Schwartz, Alongside the UK, informal caregivers are seen as high importance in Canada.

Some care programmes provide support for informal carers through information, training, advice and respite care. The Government of Canada highlights that there are social and economic pressures for informal carers, yet fail to address such issue and do not provide much funding for those giving care within the home.

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Canadians living with a disability are one of the highest groups at risk of poverty as services and supports are often unavailable or unaffordable Prince, This can disempower individuals with a disability from living as active citizens within society. On this note, Towns and Schwartz claimed that there is a need to share information on what services are available as there are a lack of information and knowledge circulating within Canada. A lot of the literature I read whilst looking up the Canadian perspective on disability and social services address many neo-liberal and managerial ideologies — similar to a UK perspective!

A lot of the care provided within Canada are also embracing the private sector, with some provinces hiring outside agencies to carry out formal care within the community and the home. I was very shocked to see that there are little services for informal carers in regard to financial support even though the Canadian Government highlights that it is an issue.

Government of Canada Home Care in Canada Research on Social Work Practice, 22 2 , pp. A National Strategy for Disability Supports: Where is the Government of Canada in this Social Project?. In the French government put new legislation in place which looked to promote equal rights and opportunities and enable people with disabilities to participate fully in society. However since Austerity France has made numerous cuts to their disability budgets and the above recommendations have not been fully realised. With so much promise in , France has been ranked as one of the ten least successful states in implementing the UN Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

The information highlighted a few questions for me…in times of financial constraints is cutting disability and social care budgets an easier option, than cutting Education or Health budgets? Is there less backlash from the general public? In China, according to the WHO, there are around million individuals with a disability. Living conditions and social status has improved in the last 40 years for individuals with disabilities, but still a great number live in poverty. The Law on Protection of Disabled Persons , amended in safeguards the rights of people with disabilities in China.

Physical accessibility for disabled individuals has improved in China e. Further, disabled accessibility is required for new buildings, but not in regards to old pre-existing buildings — thus, they do not need to adapt for disabled access. Therefore it is difficult for people in wheelchairs to access most restaurants, for example, even in the major cities. Children with disabilities will face difficulties accessing education.

School drop-outs or children who never go to school with disabilities between the ages of is Half of this number will never go to school at all. The law states that mainstream schools must accept children with disabilities, however this seems to be a grey area, with negative attitudes toward disability overriding the law. Colleges and universities are allowed to restrict candidates with disabilities, and have the authority to make their own rules and policies, most of which are not friendly to the disabled individuals.

Many further education institutes also make it harder for disabled people to get into also, raising the grading criteria higher specifically for these individuals. In regards to employment, the law states that no discrimination shall be practiced against people with disabilities. It is stated that this is poorly enforced, however. Skills and training programmes exist, but focus on skills such a massage, matchbox making etc. I chose to talk about mental health crisis management in Finland, where a new approach has been developed.

It also links to our class in Practice Learning about crisis management. The professional team can include psychologists, nurses, psychiatrists, social workers, occupational therapists, and other professionals in the Care area. Open Dialogue is being implemented around the world: The hope for the spread of Open Dialogue could be the cost argument more than the humane factor: I found this article very interesting.

It is on a study in New Zealand which focusses on barriers faced by people with disabilities. Here are 2 interesting articles on international comparisons to the UK. I found it hard to choose one country to compare as there are so many quality indicators and you can not truly compare countries as there are several different approaches to health care needs. However I decided to chose Taiwan to talk about.

A small affordable percentage is taken off of peoples wages, it varies depending on how much you earn. But, even if you are unemployed or elderly you can still have access to healthcare. Taiwan has smart cards which contain patients health history and needs from birth. They are seen to be very useful as they make it easier for doctors to diagnose health problems and it cuts down on paper work.

I think this idea is interesting as it is similar to the idea of the Digital Passports. Taiwan has improved greatly in healthcare over the past 20 years and seems to being more respected and recognized as providing decent healthcare. I found that the UK government has recently completed an enquiry into social care, and drew on international perspectives from Japan and Germany for a solution to the rising aging population in the UK.

In Japan, the cost of caring for their aging population is being covered by those over forty paying into an elderly care insurance scheme, with those over 65 having money deducted out of their pensions to pay for their insurance. The premiums which they pay depend on the wages that they earn and where they live. The government in Germany created a social care insurance scheme in , and the cost of the insurance that each person pays has risen since.

I then had a read of paper on the disability rights movement in Japan which I have outlined below. The Japanese government has progressed with the action taken towards those in society with disabilities who are in need of support. Back in , rice was to be provided for those who were very poor and the elderly, young, sick or disabled. However the government support was very limited and it was seen as the responsibility of neighbours and blood relatives to support those with disabilities.

Welfare grew after WWII, and three new welfare laws were implemented. The Welfare for people with Physical disabilities however only applied to veterans with disabilities and those who were not were still to depend on their families for support. In , National pensions were introduced for employed groups and gradually came to cover more groups of people until it became universal. Despite the universal application pensions, those with disabilities were still to be supported by their families.

Post WWII, the residential institutions built for disabled veterans for rehabilitation was increasingly becoming used for those with disabilities not caused by war.

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It became common for disabled children to be separated from their family homes to residential facilities until they were eighteen when they moved onto adult residential facilities for the rest of their lives. The institutions imposed strict rules to control all aspects of their lives. The people were segregated in generally harsh living conditions, made to obey and given no privacy. The overall experience for children was extremely neglectful and abusive with many dying due to lack of medical treatment.

Children were treated in a degrading manor with the aim that this would motivate them to overcome their impairments to avoid further abuse. A group of Fuchu Ryoiku residents carried out a hunger strike in in protest of the horrendous treatment which they faced. No policy changes were made despite the media coverage of the strikes. The government looked into the residential institutions following sit ins triggered by residents unions in front of Tokyo municipal building in This possibility of living independently in the community was looked at by the government.

The disability rights movement was also asserted by three people who had cerebral palsy who were born into an affluent background who formed a group called Aoi Shiba. This very influential group managed to succeed in negotiations with the Japanese government. The disability rights movement has moved onto support independent living movements in other Asian countries, and some of those with disabilities are being trained in centres for independent living in Japan.

I found that this article gives an overview of how Japanese policy and legislation has progressed over time to work towards equality within society, although this has been achieved as a result of a lot of activism. Please, read and decide what do you think? The Central Statistical Office estimates that 4 of them have an official confirmation of their disability. Includes bibliographical references and index. View online Borrow Buy Freely available Show 0 more links Related resource Table of contents at http: Set up My libraries How do I set up "My libraries"? These 10 locations in All: Australian Catholic University Library.

International Perspectives – Disability and Social Care

Open to the public ; Open to the public. Federation University Australia - Gippsland campus library.

La Trobe University Library. Bendigo Campus, Heyward Library.

Kelvin Grove Campus Library. University of Queensland Library. Open to the public ; HV I Book English Show 0 more libraries These 2 locations in New South Wales: These 2 locations in Queensland: Thus, community attitudes affect self-perception. They also limit the opportunity to associate with others, the extent of one's mobility and the possibilities of employment Hobbs, Persons with disabilities frequently find their opportunities limited because of social rejection, discriminatory employment practices, architectural barriers and inaccessibility to transport.

In this context, therefore, societal attitudes are significant since they largely determine the extent to which the personal, social, educational and psychological needs of persons with disabilities will be realized Jaffe, ; Park, In the field of education, perceptions towards children and adults with disabilities have changed significantly. The greatest challenge in education today, according to Birch and Johnstone , is ensuring that all schools are as readily and fully accessible to persons with disabilities as to the non-disabled.

From every standpoint, whether that of human rights, economic efficiency, or social desirability, the national interest should be to serve children with disabilities equally with all others. Putting this concept into practice means turning away from the traditional segregation of persons with disabilities. Many writers reviewed here stress the importance of changes in attitudes, behavior and socio-educational structures.

Critical to the mainstreaming efforts is the necessity of change, not only on the part of the individual, but also in the social and cultural atmosphere that promotes helplessness on the part of people with disabilities. Those labeled "handicapped" are treated differently by our society which seemingly emphasizes on the disability of the individual instead of their ability, which works against the individual Birch pg Recent international and national legislation has cast increasing light on the philosophy of inclusion and inclusive schooling.

The Salamanca Statement and framework for Action promulgate education for every individual as a basic human right for all, irrespective of individual differences UNESCO Further, international focus through the "Education For All", a United Nation Convention on the Rights of Children; the Jomtien Declaration; and the World Summit on children, required countries to commit themselves in providing education to all children including marginalized children United Nations Organization These international developments have impacted on national policy and practice.

According to the U. Standard Rules on the Equalization of Oppotunities for Persons with Disabilities , "States should recognize the principle of equal primary, secondary and tertiary educational opportunities for youth and adults with disabilities in integrated settings. They should ensure that the education of persons with disabilities is an integral part of the educational system". This is a specific support for inclusive education. In Kenya, the constitution supports inclusive education.

The Persons with Disabilities Act, part 3 article 18 states that:. Further, the ministry of education adopted a national policy on special needs education in Children's right to basic education including special needs education is also provided in the Children's Act Section IV of the Jordanian Law for the Welfare of Disabled Persons states that a person with a disability must be provided with an appropriate education according to his or her disability. The phrase "student with special needs" is defined as a student with medical diagnoses i.

The phrases "student with behavior problems" and "student with speech and language problems" are also used Al-Rossan ; Al-Khatteeb In Australia, the philosophy of inclusive education has followed international trends, with the continent accepting the challenge to educate all students in mainstream settings in an equitable manner Forlin The enactment of federal legislation in the form of the Disability Discrimination Act and the release of the standards for education Act ensure that children with disabilities have greater opportunities to enroll in their local schools.

The government posits that the standards will: Educational authorities and regular classroom teachers are now required to support students with disabilities to ensure that they are able to access the curriculum. The Disability Discrimination Act has been a significant national policy change to inclusive education. A recent initiative by the Federal Government, called the Draft Disability Standards for Education, further amends the DDA and increases the opportunities for students with disabilities to be educated in mainstream schools Commonwealth of Australia.

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As a federal state of Australia, Victoria is viewed as a strong and active advocate for inclusive education Forlin Significant developments towards implementing inclusive education in Victoria have been influenced by a number of policy initiatives that include the Ministerial Report of Educational Services for the Disabled , The Cullen-Brown Report and more recently the Blueprint for Government schools in Victoria These initiatives have highlighted the need for students to be educated in their neighbourhood school.

In , it adopted a decree on compulsory education, which includes disabled children. Similarly, in China, the Law on Compulsory Education and the Law of the Protection of the Rights of the Disabled have required and empowered provinces to introduce education for all. From a historical perspective, this article has focused on cross-cultural factors that influence the development of perceptions towards children and adults with disabilities.

Societal attitudes are significant since they determine to a large degree the extent to which the personal, social, educational and psychological needs of persons with disabilities will be realized. To this end, efforts to eliminate all forms of prejudices and discrimination against persons with disabilities by some of the UN agencies, governments, and national and international disability organizations are bearing fruit. Past and Present Perceptions Towards Disability: Literature review, history, international perceptions.

Introduction Over the years, perceptions towards disability have varied significantly from one community to another. Categorization and its Effects As Goffman pg. From such attitudes, stigma results: Education In the field of education, perceptions towards children and adults with disabilities have changed significantly. The Persons with Disabilities Act, part 3 article 18 states that: Conclusion From a historical perspective, this article has focused on cross-cultural factors that influence the development of perceptions towards children and adults with disabilities.

Mainstreaming definition, development and characteristics. Practical ideas for integrating exceptional children into regular classroom. Council for Exceptional children. Teaching students in inclusive schools: Educational Journal , 65, Division of Rehabilitation Status Report. Adjustment to physical handicap and illness: A survey of the social psychology of physique and disability.

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