Adelheid von Wulfingen - 1802 (German Edition)

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Ermentrude, daughter of Louis II. Ernst von Babenberg, margrave of Bavarian Ostmark. Eschivard I, lord of Preuilly. Esyllt ferch Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri Molwynog. Eudes I, count of Blois. Eudes II, count of Blois. Eudes II, duke of Burgundy. Eudes, count of Vermandois. Eustace de Arden born about Eustace I, count of Boulogne. Eustace II, count of Boulogne. Eustace III, count of Boulogne. Eustache II de Fiennes. Fergal son of Anmchad. Fergus, lord of Galloway. Fiangalach mac Flainn Rodba. Flann Rodba mac Amalgada. Floris I, count in Frisia.

Folcard II, lord of Aa. Foulques Bertrand, count of Provence. Foulques III, count of Anjou. Foulques V, count of Anjou and king of Jerusalem. Frederick I, duke of Swabia. Frederick I, duke of Upper Lotharingia. Frederick II, duke of Lower Lorraine. Frederick II, duke of Swabia. Frederick II, duke of Upper Lotharingia. Friedrich I, count in Harzgau. Friedrich II, count in Harzgau. Gaucher II , lord of Salins. Gaucher IV , lord of Salins. Gauchier III de Salins. Gauthier I, count of Valois, Vexin, and Amiens. Generys ferch Madog ap Gronwy Fychan. Geoffrey I de Trailly.

Geoffrey II de Trailly. Geoffrey fitz Peter, earl of Essex. Geoffrey V, count of Anjou. Geoffrey, son of Count Eustace. Geoffroy I de Semur. Geoffroy I dit le Martel. Geoffroy II, lord of Preuilly. Geoffroy II, viscount of Thouars. George Cooke - George Key died Gerald fitz Maurice Fitzgerald died Gerard of Wassenberg, count of Guelders.

Geraud, viscount of Limoges. Gerberga of Lower Lotharingia. Gerberge, wife of Megingoz. Gerhard III von Egisheim. Gerhard IV von Egisheim. Gerhard, count in Alsace. Gerhard, duke in Upper Lorraine. Gervase, count of Rethel. Gilbert de Clare about - , earl of Gloucester. Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare. Gilbert fitz Richard died Gilbert, count of Brionne. Gilla Coemgaill Ua Tuathail. Gilla Coemgin Ua Tuathail. Gilles, lord of Sully. Girbert, viscount of Millau. Gisela, daughter of Louis the Pious. Giselbert, count of Salm. Giselbert, duke of Burgundy. Giselbert, duke of Lotharingia. Godefroi, count of Namur.

Godefroid I de Rumigny. Godefroid III de Florennes. Godefroid IV de Florennes. Godefroy, count of Eu and of Brionne. Godfrey the Captive, count of Verdun. Godfrey V, duke of Lower Lorraine. Gollwyn ap Tangno ap Cadfael. Gonario II, judge of Torres. Gormlaith ingen Finn ua Caellaide. Gospatric, earl of Northumbria. Gossuin III de Mons. Gozelo I, duke of Upper and Lower Lotharingia. Graecia, daughter of William Brewer. Gregorio III, duke of Naples. Griffri ap Cadwgon ap Meilir Eutun. Gronwy ab Ednyfed Fychan ap Cynwrig.

Gronwy ab Einion ab Seisyll. Gronwy ab Iorwerth ab Hywel. Gronwy ab Owain ab Edwin. Gronwy ap Heilin ap Sir Tudur. Gronwy ap Maredudd ab Iorwerth. Gronwy ap Tudur ap Gronwy ab Ednyfed Fychan. Gronwy ap Tudur ap Gronwy ap Tudur. Gronwy Fychan ap Gronwy ab Ednyfed Fychan. Gruffudd ab Ednyfed Fychan ap Cynwrig. Gruffudd ab Owain Brogyntyn ap Madog. Gruffudd ap Cynan ab Iago, king of Gwynedd. Gruffudd ap Gronwy ap Heilin. Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn ab Owain Cyfeiliog. Gruffudd ap Gwilym ap Gruffudd.

Gruffudd ap Heilin ap Tudur. Gruffudd ap Hywel ap Gruffudd. Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Seissyl, king of Gwynedd and of Deheubarth. Gruffudd ap Llywelyn Fawr ab Iorwerth Drwyndwn. Gruffudd ap Madog ap Gruffudd Fychan. Gruffudd ap Madog Gloddaith ap Madog Fychan. Gruffudd ap Maredudd ap Bleddyn. Gruffudd ap Rhys ap Gruffudd. Gruffudd ap Rhys ap Tewdwr. Gruffudd ap Rhys, prince of Deheubarth.

Gruffudd ap Tudur ap Madog ab Iarddur. Gruffudd Fychan ap Gruffudd ap Madog. Gruffudd Fychan ap Gruffudd Maelor ap Madog. Gruffudd Maelor ap Madog ap Gruffudd Maelor. Gruffudd Maelor ap Madog ap Maredudd, king of Powys. Guaimario III, princeps of Salerno. Guaimario IV, princeps of Salerno. Guglielmo III, margrave of Ravenna. Guglielmo, count and margrave. Guigues IX , count of Albon. Guigues VI , count of Albon. Guigues VII , count of Albon.

Guigues X , count of Albon. Guillaume I de Fiennes. Guillaume I , count of Geneva.

Guillaume Amanieu II , viscount of Bezaume. Guillaume I de Normandie. Guillaume I, count of Nevers.

August von Kotzebue

Guillaume I, count of Provence. Guillaume II, count of Provence. Guillaume III, count of Toulouse. Guillaume III, duke of Aquitaine. Guillaume IV, count of Aquitaine. Guillaume IV, count of Toulouse. Guillaume IX, duke of Aquitaine. Guillaume Talvas, count of Ponthieu. Guillaume V, duke of Aquitaine. Guillaume VI Bertrand, count of Provence.

Guillaume X, duke of Aquitaine. Guillaume, count of Eu. Guillaume, viscount of Turenne. Gunnor, sister of Fulk of Alnou. Guy II , count of Ponthieu. Guy, count of Montreuil. Gwenllian ferch Cynan ap Maredudd. Gwenllian ferch Cynwrig Sais. Gwenllian ferch Dafydd ap Bleddyn Fychan. Gwenllian ferch Gruffudd ap Cynan. Gwenllian ferch Hywel ab Ieuaf. Gwenllian ferch Hywel Fychan ap Hywel.

Gwenllian ferch Ithel Fychan. Gwenllian ferch Madog ap Maredudd. Gwenllian ferch Madog ap Rhirid Flaidd. Gwenllian ferch Owain Gwynedd. Gwenllian ferch Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffudd. Gwenllian ferch Rhys ap Bledri Latimer. Gwenllian ferch Thomas ap Tegwared. Gwenllian ferch Yr Arglwydd Rhys. Gwenwynwyn ab Owain Cyfeiliog ap Gruffudd. Gwerful ferch Gwrgeneu ap Hywel. Gwerful ferch Madog ab Iarddur. Gwerful ferch Madog o'r Hendwr ab Iorwerth. Gwgon ab Idnerth ab Edryd. Gwgon ap Bleddyn ap Maenyrch. Gwilym ap Gruffudd ap Gwilym. Gwilym ap Gruffudd ap Heilin.

Gwladus Ddu died Gwladus ferch Iorwerth ap Griffri ap Heilin. Gwladus ferch Ithel ap Rhys. Gwladus ferch Llywelyn ap Madog. Gwladus ferch Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn. Gwladys ferch Llywarch ap Trahaearn. Gwlyddien ap Nowy ab Arthur. Gwyn Ddistain ab Ednywain ab Eginir. Hadwig, wife of Otto. Hamelin de Warenne, earl of Surrey. Hamon I de Mascy. Hamon II de Mascy. Hamon III de Mascy. Hamon IV de Mascy. Hamon V de Mascy. Harold, son of Ralph. Heilin ap Sir Tudur ab Ednyfed Fychan. Heinrich I von Dagsburg-Egisheim. Heinrich I, king of Germany. Heinrich von Schweinfurt, margrave of Bavarian Nordgau.

Heinrich, count in Wormsgau. Hen Ithel Gam ab Maredudd ab Uchdrud. Henri I, king of France. Henri, count of Eu. Henrique, count of Portugal. Henry died , count of Eu, lord of Hastings. Henry de Beaumont, earl of Warwick. Henry de Bohun, earl of Hereford. Henry I, duke of Lower Lorraine. Henry I, king of England.

Henry II, count of Leuven Louvain. Henry II, duke of Brabant. Henry II, duke of Limburg. Henry II, king of England. Henry III, count of Leuven. Henry III, king of England. Henry of Scotland, earl of Northumberland. Henry, earl of Lancaster. Heribert IV , count of Vermandois. Heribert VI , count of Vermandois. Heribert I, count of Vermandois. Heribert II, count of Vermandois.

Hermann II, duke of Swabia. Hilduin II , lord of Ramerupt. Hilduin III , count of Ramerupt. Hilduin IV , count of Ramerupt. Hugh I Bigod, earl of Norfolk. Hugh I de Dutton. Hugh I de Mortimer. Hugh II Bigod, earl of Norfolk. Hugh II de Dutton. Hugh II de Mortimer. Hugh III de Dutton. Hugh de Bolebec died Hugh de Venables of Kinderton living s. Hugh de Vere, earl of Oxford. Hugh III, count of Maine. Hugh of Cyfeiliog, earl of Chester. Hugh, son of Odard. Hugo I von Egisheim. Hugo IV von Egisheim. Hugo V von Egisheim. Hugues II , count of Saint-Pol. Hugues Capet, king of France.

Hugues de Gournay died Hugues II, duke of Burgundy. Hugues III, duke of Burgundy. Hugues, count of Claremont. Hugues, count of Dammartin. Hugues, count of Rethel. Hugues, duke of Locate. Humbert II , lord of Salins. Humbert III , lord of Salins. Humbert I, count of Maurienne. Humbert III, count of Savoy. Humphrey de Bohun - , earl of Essex.

Humphrey de Bohun about - , earl of Essex. Humphrey de Bohun before - Humphrey de Bohun died Humphrey de Bohun died , earl of Essex. Humphrey de Bohun died about Humphrey with the beard. Hunroch, count of Ternois. Hywel ab Ieuaf ab Owain. Hywel ap Cynwrig ab Iorwerth Fychan. Hywel ap Moriddig ap Sandde Hardd. Hywel ap Trahaearn ap Gwgon.

Hywel ap Tudur ab Ithel Fychan. Hywel Fychan ap Hywel ab Ieuaf. Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig, king of Gwynedd. Idwal ap Meurig ab Idwal Foel. Idwal Iwrch ap Cadwaladr Fendigaid ap Cadwallon. Ieuaf ab Adda ab Awr. Ieuaf ab Owain ap Trahaearn. Ieuan ab Adda ab Iorwerth Ddu. Ieuan ap Hywel ap Cynwrig. Ieuan Fychan ab Ieuan ab Adda. Ieuan Wyddel ap Maredudd Ddu ap Gronwy. Ioannes II, prince of Salerno. Iorwerth ab Owain Brogyntyn. Iorwerth ap Cynon ap Llywarch Howlbwrch. Iorwerth ap Griffri ap Heilin.

Iorwerth ap Gronwy ab Einion. Iorwerth ap Gwgon ab Idnerth. Iorwerth ap Hywel ap Moriddig. Iorwerth ap Madog ab Ednywain Bendew. Iorwerth ap Madog ap Gruffudd. Iorwerth ap Madog ap Rhirid Flaidd. Iorwerth ap Rhirid ab Iorwerth. Iorwerth Drwyndwn ab Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffudd. Isaac Hinde - Isaac II Angelos, Byzantine emperor. Isabel ferch Gruffudd Fychan ap Gruffudd.

Isabel Marshal - Isabel Wright born Isabella, daughter of Robert de Beaumont. Ithel Fychan ab Ithel Gam. Ithel Llwyd ab Ithel Gam. Iziaslav I, grand prince of Kiev. James Jackson - James Jackson about - about James Molineux - James Wigan died Jane, wife of John Cooke.

Jean I , count of Ponthieu. John Baker alias Arnold. John Bowyer died John Byne - John Cooke died John Cowlam of Worlaby. John de Hardreshull died John de la Chambre. John de la Poyle. John de Lacy, earl of Lincoln. John de Warenne, earl of Surrey. John Foley died John Fyfield alias Lowe. John Gainsford died John Gainsford living John Hall died John Hall married John Hammond died John Laithwait - John le Strange I.

John le Strange II.

1819 deaths

John le Strange III. John le Strange IV. John le Strange V. John le Strange VI. John Michell died John, constable of Chester. John, count of Eu. John, king of England. Jonet ferch Dafydd ab Ieuan. Joscelin I de Courtenay. Judith, daughter of count Welf. Juliana, daughter of Maurice fitz Maurice Fitzgerald. Kazimierz I Karol Odnowiciel, prince of Poland.

Kenneth I, king in Scotland. Kenneth II, king in Scotland. Konrad der Rote, duke in Lotharingia. Konrad, count of Haldensleben. Konrad, duke of Swabia. Lambert II, count of Louvain. Lambert, count of Chalon. Lambert, count of Lens. Landeric IV de Monceau, count of Nevers. Landolfo II, prince of Capua. Landolfo III, prince of Capua. Landolfo Senior, gastald of Capua.

Leofric, earl of Mercia. Leofwine, dux of the Hwicce. Leopold II, margrave of Austria. Leopold III, margrave of Austria. Leucha, daughter of Roger de Mohaut. Lionel Swift the elder. Liutgard, daughter of Wigeric. Lleucu ferch Llywelyn ap Griffri. Lleucu ferch Robert ab Iorwerth. Lleucu Llwyd ferch Rhys ap Robert. Lluddica ap Tudur Trefor. Llywarch ap Hyfaidd ap Bleiddig. Llywarch ap Trahaearn ap Caradog.

Llywarch Gam ap Lluddica ap Tudur Trefor. Llywelyn ab Ieuaf ab Adda. Llywelyn ab Owain ap Maredudd. Llywelyn ap Dafydd Dinlaes ap Dafydd. Llywelyn ap Griffri ap Cadwgon. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn. Llywelyn ap Madog ab Einion. Lothair II, king of Lotharingia. Lothar II , count of Walbeck. Lothar I, count of Walbeck. Louis I, count of Chiny. Louis II, count of Chiny. Louis the Pious, emperor. Louis, count of Mousson. Louis, lord of Mont. Madog ab Einion ap Maredudd.

Madog ab Iarddur ap Cynddelw. Madog ab Iorwerth ap Madog. Madog ap Gronwy Fychan ap Gronwy. Madog ap Gruffudd ab Owain Brogyntyn. Madog ap Gruffudd Fychan ap Gruffudd Maelor. Madog ap Gruffudd Maelor ap Madog. Madog ap Llywelyn ap Griffri. Madog ap Maredudd, king of Powys. Madog ap Rhirid Flaidd ap Gwrgeneu.

Madog Gloddaith ap Madog Fychan ap Madog.

Benjamin Thompson

Mael Maidne ingen Domnaill. Mael Morda ua Domnaill. Maelind ingen Meic Dairgin. Magnus, duke of Saxony. Malcolm I, king in Scotland. Malcolm II, king of Scots. Malcolm III, king of Scots. Mallt ferch Einudd ap Llywarch. Mallt ferch Madog ab Iorwerth. Manfredo I, margrave of Turin.

Manfredo I, marquis of Saluzzo. Manfredo II, marquis of Saluzzo. Manfredo III, marquis of Saluzzo. Maredudd ab Iorwerth ap Llywarch. Maredudd ab Owain ap Gruffudd. Maredudd ab Uchdrud ab Edwin. Maredudd ap Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, king of Powys. Maredudd ap Madog ap Gruffudd Maelor. Maredudd ap Tewdws ap Rhain. Maredudd Ddu ap Gronwy ap Maredudd. Margaret, daughter of Eudo dapifer.

Margery de la Poyle. Margred ferch Dafydd ab Ednyfed Gam. Margred ferch Griffri ap Cadwgon. Margred ferch Gruffudd ap Cynan. Margred ferch Gruffudd ap Rhys. Margred ferch Gwyn ap Gruffudd. Margred ferch Hwfa ab Iorwerth. Margred ferch Llywelyn ab Ieuaf. Margred ferch Llywelyn ap Dafydd Dinlaes. Margred ferch Maelgwn Fychan. Margred ferch Rhys ap Tewdwr Mawr. Margred ferch Robert ab Iorwerth.

Maria, daughter of Comita. Maria, wife of Ivan Vladislav. Mariano di Lacon Gunale, judge of Torres. Mary Ann Pardoe Mayers. Mary de la Chambre. Master Richard de Hoghton.

1846 deaths

Mathilde, wife of Heinrich I. Matilda - Matilda died in or after Matilda Marshal died April Matilda, countess of Boulogne. Matilda, daughter of Richard Goz. Matilda, daughter of William le Meschin. Maud, daughter of Edward of Salisbury. Maud, daughter of Robert le Vavasour. Maud, daughter of Roger Bigod. Maud, daughter of Sir John fitz Geoffrey. Maud, daughter of Theobald de Valoignes. Maurice fitz Maurice Fitzgerald died Maurice Fitzgerald died Meddefus ferch Owain Cyfeiliog.

Medlan Benllydan ferch Neiniad. Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad, king of Gwynedd. Meurig ab Idwal Foel ab Anarawd. Mieszko I, prince of Poland. Mieszko II Lambert, king of Poland. Miles of Gloucester, earl of Hereford. Milo I , count of Tonnerre. Milo II , count of Tonnerre. Morfudd ferch Dafydd Fychan ap Dafydd Llwyd.

Morfudd ferch Gronwy ap Tudur. Morfudd ferch Gruffudd Fychan. Morfudd ferch Gruffudd Llwyd ap Rhys. Moriddig ap Sandde Hardd ap Caradog Hardd. Morwyl ferch Ednywain Bendew. Muirchertach Ua Tuathail, king of northern Leinster. Muiredach mac Brain, half-king of Leinster. Muiredach mac Murchada, king of Leinster. Muniadonna Mayor de Castilla. Murchad mac Brain Muit, king of Leinster. Murchad mac Diarmata, king of Leinster. Murchad mac Finn, king of Leinster. Myfanwy ferch Einudd ap Llywarch. Myfanwy ferch Iorwerth Ddu ab Ednyfed Gam. Nathaniel Arnold died Nathaniel Arnold alias Baker.

Neiniad ap Gwaithfoed ap Gwrydr Hir. Nest Agnes , daughter of Osbern fitz Richard. Nest ferch Gruffudd ap Llywelyn. Nest ferch Rhys ap Tewdwr. Nicolas I de Rumigny. Nicolas II de Rumigny. Nikephoros Phokas the elder. Nowy ab Arthur ap Pedr. Oberto I, count of Luni. Oberto II, count of Luni.

Oddon, count of Maurienne. Oddone di Aleramo, margrave of Monferrat. Odo, lord of Norton. Olaf II, king of Norway. Olderico Manfredi, margrave of Susa. Ordulf, duke of Saxony. Otte-Guillaume, count of Burgundy. Otto II , count of Chiny. Otto von Worms, duke of Carinthia. Owain ap Bleddyn ab Owain Brogyntyn.

Owain ap Bleddyn ap Tudur. Owain ap Gruffudd ab yr arglwydd Rhys. Owain ap Hywel Dda ap Cadell, king of Deheubarth. Owain ap Maredudd ab Owain. Owain ap Maredudd ap Robert. Owain ap Maredudd ap Tewdws. Owain ap Trahaearn ap Caradog. Owain Brogyntyn ap Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys. Owain Cyfeiliog ap Gruffudd ap Maredudd. Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffudd ap Cynan, king of Gwynedd. Pain de Chaurces died Pain de Mundubleil died Pandolfo II , prince of Benevento and Capua.

Patric de Chaurces died Patric de Chaurces died before Patric de Chaurces living Pedr ap Cyngar ap Gwrdebyr. Peter Arderne died by Philip of Swabia, king of the Germans. Philippe I, king of France. Pippin, king of Italy. Pons, count of Toulouse.

Pontia de la Marche. Radulf I, lord of Tosny. Radulf II, lord of Tosny. Ragenold, count of Roucy. Rainard, count of Tonnerre. Rainulf I, duke of Aquitaine. He studied in Leipzig and Jena between and , and was a childhood friend of August von Kotzebue. In the following years, he worked as judiciary auditor under his father in Ilmenau, and later as private lecturer. In , he became adjunct and when his father died in , Ernst Ackermann took his place as judiciary bailiff. Ackerman resigned when Ilmenau was annexed to Weimar and economic conditions became less favourable.

Consequently, he was assigned Privy Referendar at the Ministry of Justice where he stayed until , when he retired. Ackermann made a large number of anonymous contributions to different journals. After the death of Kotzebue, he remained the sole editor of the Literarisches Wochenblatt. Karl Freiherr von Drais full name: Inventions Drais was a prolific inventor, who invented the Laufmaschine "running machine" , also later called the Velocipede, Draisine English or Draisienne French , also nicknamed the hobby horse or dandy horse.

This was his most popular and widely recognized invention. It incorporated the two-wheeler principle that is basic to the bicycle and motorcycle and was the beginning of mechanized personal transport. This was the earliest form of a bicycle, without pedals. His first reported ride from Mannheim to the "S The main entrance The Governor's Mansion around The Governor's Mansion Russian: It was the home of the governor of Siberia prior to the February Revolution of The house, which is located on 10, Mira Street Russian: Kuklin went bankrupt in , and the house was confiscated by the authorities.

Since , it was the seat of the governor of Tobolsk Governorate. In , the playwright August von Kotzebue, who while exiled to Siberia was required to report to the Governor's Mansion, noted that it still "appeared partly in ruin Paul Wranitzky Paul Wranitzky, Czech: At age 20, like so many other Czech composers of that period, he moved to Vienna to seek out opportunities within the Austrian imperial capital.

From , he conducted both royal theatre orchestras. He was highly respected by Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven; the latter two preferred him as conductor of their new works e. Wranitzky was a prolific composer. His output comprises ten operas, 44 symphonies, at least 56 string quartets some sources give a number as high as 73 and a large amount of other orchestral and chamber music. His opera, Oberon — The Fairy King from was a favourite in this genre and in Julius Eduard Hitzig, illustration by Adolph von Menzel.

Born into the wealthy and influential Jewish Itzig family, he was between and a Prussian civil servant, became Criminal Counsel at the Berlin Supreme Court in and its director in In he established a publishing house and later a bookstore. Hitzig was much involved in the Berlin literary life of his period, notably in connection with the salon of Rahel Varnhagen.

He was friendly with E. He was lampooned for his name change by Heinrich Heine. His works include "Der Neue Pitaval" several volumes. The opera was staged for the first time on 9 November in Warsaw. Plot The opera takes place in t Mahlmann was born in Leipzig, and studied law at the University of Leipzig. The square is named after the French capital Paris in honour of the anti-Napoleon Allies' occupation of Paris in , and is one of the main focal points of the city. In March , when Prussian troops along with the other Allies Biography He was born at Bacharach am Rhein.

After leaving school in , he studied painting in Koblenz. Afterwards, he and his brother undertook an educational journey to Rome, Munich and Riga, which was financed by Archduke Maximilian In , he married Helene Marie Zoege von Manteuffel ; from a noble Baltic-German family with roots in the 14th century.

They had three children together. His first son, Wilhelm, was born in Saint Petersburg in , and also g Peter Josef von Lindpaintner. Portrait by Josef Kriehuber. From onwards he was based in Stuttgart. Some of his early operas were Singspiele, but under the influence of Carl Maria von Weber his interest shifted to romantic opera. He died in Nonnenhorn on Lake Constance in Bavaria. The German Confederation German: Deutscher Bund was an association of 39 German-speaking states in Central Europe adding the mainly non-German speaking Kingdom of Bohemia and Duchy of Carniola , created by the Congress of Vienna in to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries and to replace the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved in The Confederation was weakened by rivalry between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire, revolution, and the inability of the multiple members to compromise.

In , revolutions by liberals and nationalists attempted to establish a unified German state with a progressive liberal constitution under the Frankfurt Convention. The ruling body, the Confederate Diet, was dissolved on The Simplicissimus cartoon commonly associated with the concept of a 'republic without republicans'. In such a situation, most people would actually prefer to found a new monarchy or restore an abolished dynasty, or — in a broader sense — oppose democracy. In historiography, the Weimar Republic — is often branded a republic without republicans.

Right-wing intellectuals and political parties rejected parliamentary democracy as un-German, and associated the Weimar Republic with national humiliation and the military defeat of World War I;[2] Disappointed social democrats Title page of the original work. Elements of the Philosophy of Right German: Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts is a work by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel published in ,[1] though the book's original title page dates it to Hegel's most mature statement of his legal, moral, social and political philosophy, it is an expansion upon concepts only briefly dealt with in the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences, published in and again in and Law provides for Hegel the cornerstone of the modern state.

Summary The Philosophy of Right as it is usually called begins with a discussion of the concept of the free will and argues that the free will can only Born into the House of Metternich in as the son of a diplomat, Metternich received a good education at the universities of Strasbourg and Mainz. Metternich rose through key diplomatic posts, including ambassadorial roles in the Kingdom of Saxony, the Kingdom of Prussia, and especially Napoleonic France. Soon after, he engineered Austria's entry into the War of the Sixth Coalition on the Allied side, signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau that sent Napoleon into exile and led the Austrian delegation at The beginning of the period is less well-defined: Internationally known as the Age of Metternich, it was characterized by Austrian and Prussian police states, which practiced censorship on a massive scale in response to revolutionary calls for liberalism.

In a cultural sense, the same period is known as Biedermeier as a conclusion of the Romanticist era. Both were first edited together in his Works Vol. I with the headings "Wandrers Nachtlied" and "Ein gleiches" "Another one". Wanderer's Nightsong I Schubert: Song "Wandrers Nachtlied" I, Op. No known image of Attila exists from life. Above is a likeness by artist and historian George S. Stuart created from his physical description mentioned in historical records. He was also the leader of a tribal empire consisting of Huns, Ostrogoths, and Alans among others, in Central and Eastern Europe.

During his reign, he was one of the most feared enemies of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires. He crossed the Danube twice and plundered the Balkans, but was unable to take Constantinople. His unsuccessful campaign in Persia was followed in by an invasion of the Eastern Roman Byzantine Empire, the success of which emboldened Attila to invade the West. He subsequently invaded Italy, deva The castle was built in the middle 6th-7th centuries AD and was in use until the 11th century.

It was the largest stronghold of the native Livonian population in Viljandi County from that era. A later manor house and outbuildings were built somet Merkel was born into the family of a rural priest in what is today Latvia. From the age of 17 he worked as a tutor for upper-class German families. In , he joined the circle of Riga intellectuals. Influenced by the ideas he found there, he published the book Die Letten "Latvians", full title: The book gained considerable popularity in the German society and was translated into French, Danish and Russian.

In , the original German version of the book was r Mayonnaise , , also US: It is a stable emulsion of oil, egg yolk, and acid, either vinegar or lemon juice. The proteins and lecithin in the egg yolk serve as emulsifiers in mayonnaise and hollandaise sauce. Commercial egg-free varieties are made for vegans and others who avoid chicken eggs or dietary cholesterol. Enrico di Borgogna Henry of Burgundy is an opera eroica or "heroic" opera in two acts by Gaetano Donizetti.

Enrico di Borgogna was the third opera composed by Donizetti, but the first to be performed. In spite of difficulties at the premiere, the critic of Nuovo osservatore veneziano noted of Donizetti that "one cannot but recognize a regular handling and expressive quality in his style. For these, the public wanted to salute Signor Donizetti on stage at the end of the opera". History Museum in Wunsiedel Wunsiedel was first mentioned in as the seat of a ministerialis, Adelbertus or Albert.

In Hans of Kotzau defeated the Hussites in the Battle of Katharinenberg, a low mountain immediately south of Wunsiedel, and in Jobst of Schirnding beat the Bohemians also on the Katharinenberg.

In the Middle Ages, Wunsied Jakob Friedrich Fries German: Biography Fries studied theology at the academy of the Moravian Brethren at Niesky and philosophy at the Universities of Leipzig and Jena. After travelling, in he became professor of philosophy and elementary mathematics at the University of Heidelberg. Though the progress of his psychological thought compelled him to abandon the positive theology of the Moravians, he retained an appreciation of its spiritual or symbolic significance.

His philosophical position with regard to his contemporaries had already been made clear in his critical work Reinhold, Fichte und Schelling ,[3] and in the more systematic treatises System der Philosophie als evidente Wissenschaft and Wissen, Glaube und Ahnung Fries' most important treatise, the Neue oder anthropologische Kritik der Vernunft 2nd ed.

Wartburgfest was a convention of about Protestant German students, held on 18 October at the Wartburg castle near Eisenach in Thuringia. The former refuge of reformator Martin Luther was considered a national symbol and the assembly a protest against reactionary politics and Kleinstaaterei. History After the German "Wars of Liberation" against Napoleon and the French occupation, many people were bitter about dreams of German national unity shattered after the Congress of Vienna. Democratic reforms were stalled, and governments had cracked down on press freedom and rights of association.

On 12 June several corporated students at the University of Jena founded the Urburschenschaft organization in order to encourage German unity at the university. Many of them had participated as voluntary soldiers on the fields against Napoleon, e. Smithson,[3] was a famous Shakespearean actress, best known as the first wife and muse of Hector Berlioz. Her father, William Joseph Smithson, was an actor and theatrical manager from Gloucestershire, England, and her mother was an actress whose full name is unknown.

He instructed her "in the precepts of religion," and kept everything connected with the stage from her view. It was commissioned by Carl Friedrich Hensler, the Director of Vienna's new Theater in der Josefstadt, and was first performed at the theatre's opening on October 3, It was the first work Beethoven wrote after his revival of studying the works of J.

Bach and Handel, and bears their influence. This same work was to be performed again in for the new theatre in Vienna. However, Carl Meisl, the commissioner of the Royal Imperial Navy, changed the texts of numbers 1, 6, 7, and 8 of Beethoven's work. Beethoven was not pleased with the revision, and felt that the new text did not fit the music.

Meisl also introduced a section, Wo sich die Pulse, for which Beethoven wrote n It has an area of Jerlep was founded after The present building was erected in in a classicist style. It was devastated during the uprising in but later restored. During the Soviet occupation of Estonia, the manor house was used as the office of a collective farm. The most famous resident of the manor was dramatist August von Kotzebue who acquired the estate in During his time, a small theatre was put up at the estate and Kotzebue's plays were often performed.

Estonian Manors - A Travelogue. Christian and his siblings were raised in the French Reformed religion. He came from a long line of successful tailors, in which his father educated him to continue in the family profession. His brother, Johann George, would become the personal tailor for Count Casimir, before emigrating to Pennsylvania, however, Christian rebelled and entered a life of crime. He was caught on many occasions, but never executed, eventually being released every time.

He was not a violent criminal, rather he used his charm and intelligence to accomplish most of his w He continued living with his uncle until he was nineteen years old, even when his uncle became general superintendent of Eisenach in , a move which brought him to the same city as his parents again. It was Donizetti's first opera written for Naples, and the first performance of this "rescue opera" took place at the Teatro Nuovo on 12 May One critic reviewing the recording from the Festival della Valle d'Itria, the opera's first performance outside Italy, made the following observations: Despite its moronic libretto, the opera was an enormous success at its premiere in Naples in , and even Bellini wrote nice things about the second-act septet[1] in which Donizetti mixes buffo and serious characters, as well as Neapolitan dialect there are no recitatives; numbers are separated by spoken dialogue with "pure" Italian, and the absurd plot is sort of held together by the clever Argilla, who under the guise of telling fortunes gains e Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, Lovers' Vows , a play by Elizabeth Inchbald arguably best known now for having been featured in Jane Austen's novel Mansfield Park , is one of at least four adaptations of August von Kotzebue's Das Kind der Liebe ; literally "Love Child," or "Natural Son," as it is often translated , all of which were published between and Inchbald's version is the only one to have been performed.

The play was first performed at Covent Garden on Thursday, 11 October , and was an immediate success: Una follia is a farsa in one act by composer Gaetano Donizetti. The opera uses the same Italian-language libretto by Bartolomeo Merelli after August von Kotzebue's Der Graf von Burgund that Donizetti used for his Enrico di Borgogna a month earlier, but with different music.

It was given one performance and "never performed again, and its score has never been found. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia in Italian. The German Empire of — Because the German-speaking part of the multinational Austrian Empire was excluded, this geographic construction represented a lesser Germany Kleindeutsch solution. The unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January , in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France. Unofficially, the de facto transition of most of the German-speaking populations into a federated organization of states had been developing for some time through alliances formal and informal between princely rulers, but in fits and starts.

The self-interests of the various parties hampered the process over nearly a century of autocratic experimentation, beginning in the era of the Napoleonic Wars, which prompted the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in Events June 30 — Novelist Mary Butt marries her cousin, Captain Henry Sherwood, acquiring the surname by which she will become best known.

Dunlap considered it his best play. It was popular with the public at the time who mistakenly believed it to be a translation of August von Kotzebue and approved it accordingly as a great work ,[1][2] and considered positively by modern critics. It also played in Boston in the fall, and was revived in New York for one performance in Announcement of two pieces by August von Kotzebue performed at the theater of Bruges on 8 August Stabbing of Von Kotzebue. Portrait of Kotzebue in Weimar. The tomb of August von Kotzebue in Mannheim. Chisholm , pp.

Chisholm , p. The Journal of Modern History. American Theater and Culture, The University of Chicago Press. Archived from the original on Member feedback about August von Kotzebue: Otto von Kotzebue topic Otto von[1] Kotzebue Russian: Member feedback about Otto von Kotzebue: Member feedback about Karl Ludwig Sand: Kotzebue disambiguation topic Kotzebue may refer to: Member feedback about Alexander Kotzebue: Member feedback about Adelbert von Chamisso: German-language operas Revolvy Brain revolvybrain.

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