Read PDF Health and Poverty: Global Health Problems and Solutions

Why Improving Global Health Care Is Everyone’s Responsibility

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An Innovative Solution for the Global Problem of Poor Vision — Harvard Health Policy Review

Indeed, many of the volunteers are the wives of influential leaders in the community with the standing to make health care a priority. One challenge in global health care delivery actually has been created by well-meaning aid organizations, Muecke notes. In many poor rural areas, non-governmental organizations have come in and identified bright, promising local people, then hired them to run specific programs. While that is good for the individual endeavor, Muecke points out that over time this practice leads to a brain drain in local public health systems and government health ministries.

At the same time, however, health care personnel working in developing countries are finding innovative ways to use technology and increase the efficiency of available personnel, Muecke notes.

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For example, in some areas field workers are using cell phone cameras to photograph patients with certain diseases and then sending the photos to better-trained doctors for advice on additional care. We need to use technology in new ways so that we can spread the expertise of those who are expensively trained to far-flung populations.

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Meanwhile, according to Festival of Thinkers panelist Myrna Weissman, professor of epidemiology and psychiatry at Columbia University, illness can have a strong impact on economic development in countries where there is little or no ability to provide health care. Depression is a major factor holding down progress in the developing world, she notes.

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Wharton professor of health care management Mark Pauly says that with so many people in developing nations already paying a sizeable portion of their small income for health care, it might be possible to develop private insurance markets to reduce the risk of financial ruin if a family member becomes seriously ill. Beyond this, pinhole glasses do not need specialized training to use. There is perhaps an even more subtle way in which health affects education and economic outcomes: Reliance on open fires or traditional stoves can lead to deadly indoor air pollution. The dire issue of unaddressed poor vision across the world has been receiving attention—but with few, if any, solutions that have taken off in the way that would be necessary to address this problem. Even if the generic is sold at a lower price than the branded pharma company would charge in mature markets, voluntary licensing might generate more sales than would occur if the product were not sold in the developing countries at all. It seems plausible that most health interventions in resource-poor settings could garner support based on cost-benefit ratios with appropriately lengthy time horizons to capture the return on health investments and an adequate accounting of externalities; however, such a calculus masks the untold suffering of inaction and risks eroding the most powerful incentive we have to act:

While it might be somewhat more difficult to sift out the costs of depression and mental illness compared to other health problems such as infectious disease or malnutrition, the effect can be just as debilitating. Weissman has done field work in Africa exploring treatments for depression among people caught up in civil wars or the HIV crisis. She says effective mental health programs take into account cultural sensitivities, but Africans respond to group therapy and other approaches used to combat depression in developed countries.

There are cultural differences in style, but not so many cultural differences in emotions. As emerging economies such as India and China continue to build a functioning middle class, demand for health care is expected to rise rapidly. Wharton professor of health care management Mark Pauly says that with so many people in developing nations already paying a sizeable portion of their small income for health care, it might be possible to develop private insurance markets to reduce the risk of financial ruin if a family member becomes seriously ill.

Some countries, including China, have limited forms of government-run insurance, but Pauly says it is possible that a private market could evolve in poor countries where families now save up huge cushions to protect against illness or an accident that would require expensive treatment.

An Innovative Solution for the Global Problem of Poor Vision — Harvard Health Policy Review

Many economists argue that if China were able to better develop a social safety net that would protect its citizens against the risk of illness or outliving retirement savings, the country could begin to support a more vibrant consumer market. Growing consumer spending, in turn, could energize the Chinese economy and make it less dependent on export markets. At the same time, it would also provide new outlets for Western products and trigger overall economic growth. According to Pauly, research indicates that only about 10, subscribers are necessary to build a viable insurance pool, particularly with health insurance because the science in place to predict the number of people who will become sick in a given year is well developed.

Multinational pharmaceutical firms and emerging biotech companies, he says, have been on the leading edge of private sector response to global health problems in the developing world, while a number of new models are surfacing that may help provide solutions to the problems confronting the global health system.

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Many of the ideas for addressing problems in global health care, he points out, rely on public-private partnerships. The effort to cure tuberculosis, malaria and other infectious diseases that kill millions across the developing world require both a push and a pull mechanism to engage the private sector in sustainable solutions. However, companies need to know they will be rewarded if a cure or effective treatment is identified.

One example is Product Development Partnerships PDPs — not-for-profit, virtual research and development organizations designed to accelerate the introduction of new products through a portfolio of partnerships engaging industry and academia.

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Winner of the British Medical Association Book Award - Health & Social Care category. There is growing interest and concern about the unacceptable. Editorial Reviews. Review. 'This is a little masterpiece, which covers huge territory and a Health and Poverty: Global Health Problems and Solutions 1st Edition, Kindle Edition. by Gijs Walraven (Author).

Another idea revolves around Advanced Market Commitments AMCs , which create a guaranteed market for private sector companies that come up with a new drug or treatment for an unmet need. Priority Review Vouchers PRVs are one more emerging solution, this one coming out of amendments in to legislation governing the U.

Health and Poverty

Under this system, a company could earn a voucher by investing in treatments for a neglected disease, then use that voucher to jump ahead in the approval process with a drug that would be highly successful in the developed world. Intellectual Property Pools IPPs are an additional way to engage the private sector in developing products for poor countries. The pools are an agreement between at least two companies to cross-license patents in order to find new treatments more quickly.

The hardest part of managing a patent pool is sifting through the portfolio of technologies available, Sammut says. Another obstacle, he points out, is the potential for antitrust problems. Using a novel combination of the personal studies of patients and description of conditions or diseases, this book provides a highly original and accessible introduction to key issues in global health today. Especially during the past decade, global health initiatives have become a prominent part of the international aid picture, bringing new resources, political commitment, and more attention for international health issues in the media.

The author provides examples of diseases and problems related to health that disproportionally impact the poor, and gives their experiences 'a human face' through individual case studies. A specific case study of a health problem, such as malaria, tuberculosis and HIV or health financing, introduces each chapter and is followed by a historical review of the problem, why it is still now a problem for poor people or poor countries, and what can be done about it. These will inspire the reader to become more engaged with international health and development.

It deals with diseases of poverty through the lens of someone who not only knows but feels the pain and anguish that inequity and broken health systems bring in their wake. A must read for any serious student of global health, especially those willing to do something about it.

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