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The earliest Italian medals were struck in that city and are quite classical in style. In the case of Cavino, this close adherence to the style of his Roman models is very marked and it prevented him from equalling the best medallists of his period as an artist in portrait medals. At the same time it en- abled him to produce very perfect copies of Roman coins. In this last work he was assisted by his friend, Alessandro Bassiano, a scholar and antiquarian of Padua, of whom little is known, except that he left in manuscript the' lives of the twelve Caesars.
We learn of their association from a medal struck about to commem- orate the event No. One hundred and twenty-two of Cavino's dies have been pre- served and are at present in the Bibliotheque Nationale at Paris. They were brought from Italy in the seventeenth century by Th. Lecomte, who obtained them from the Lazzara family of Padua, and who bequeathed them to the Abbey of Sainte Genevieve in They are described and illustrated by Claude du Molinet in his work, entitled: Le Cabirlet de la Bibliotheque de Sainte Genevieve.
Paris, , f Cavino's imitative medals were not originally designed as forgeries, and it was against his wishes that they were passed off as genuine antiques. But as such many of them found their way into the most celebrated collections of Europe and were the subjects of numerous dissertations. The greater number of the coins usually termed " Paduans " are cast from moulds and are of little value and easily detected ; but the pieces struck from Cavino's dies possess much artistic merit and are often not readily distinguishable from ancient coins.
Type invented by Cavino. This reverse-type is not found on the genuine coins of Hadrian. Imitation of a genuine coin, punctuated in a similar way on the reverse. Head of An- toninus r. Bridge ; to 1. We know almost nothing of his life. Whoever calls Cavino a forger does him an injustice.
There are, however, several general points of difference which become ap- parent after careful comparison with the genuine coins. The " Paduan " is usually too round and regular, and the flan is too thin ; the dots of the border or engrailment are large and in irreg- ular relief ; the letters are flat and square, especially N ; M is broad at the base and narrow at the top ; H and D are square and heavy, and A and V are too narrow and sharp.
The coins struck by Cavino himself the dies were used after his death are usually composed of red and yellow copper, poorly alloyed. Several of Cavino's medals are found in silver ; but most of the examples in this metal have been melted down in later times, consequently but few of them have been preserved. All of Cavino's medals are rare, imitative pieces as well as portrait medals, and all are worthy of preservation as the work of an Italian medallist of the sixteenth century.
Bust of Julius Caesar 1. This reverse is not found on ancient coins. Caduceus and fasces crossed, globe, axe, and two hands clasped. The reverse of this coin is imitated from a denarius struck by L. Bust of Augustus 1. There are no genuine coins with these types. In addition to Cavino's pieces 'there are modern dies of three medallions of Augustus: Temple with six columns, adorned with numerous statues, and statue within ; in the tympanum of the pediment, S P Q Rt Modern invention. Imitated from a denarius.
Obverse similar to No. Imi- tated from a middle-brass, struck under Tiberius. Bust of Ti- berius 1. The altar of Lyons. Imitation of a genuine coin, punctuated in a similar way on the reverse. Friedlaender, Ein Verzeichniss von Griechischen falschen Munzen. There is another fine modern large-brass coin of Tiberius, the obverse of which is imitated from a middle-brass, the reverse from a large-brass having for obverse the letters 5. C surrounded by an inscription: Head of Tiberius 1.
Bust of Antonia r. Veiled figure standing 1. Imitation of a coin struck under Claudius.
The veiled figure on the reverse of the genuine coin represents Antonia in the character of a vestal virgin, while on the " Paduan " the figure is bearded and re- sembles Claudius. With this exception it is one of the most perfect of Cavino's imitative coins. Bust of Agrippina r. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 6, and illus. These large-brass coins of Agrippina are the most beautiful of all Cavino's imitative coins. Bust of Caligula 1. The three sisters of Caligula standing facing, as Securitas, leaning on column, Concordia, holding patera, and Fortuna, holding rudder ; each holds cornucopia.
This obverse and reverse are not found together on genuine coins. Head of Caligula 1.
Similar type, without S C. There are no genuine silver or gold coins with this reverse. This obverse and reverse are not found together on ancient coins. The emperor standing 1. All the genuine coins of Caligula with this reverse are with- out the letters S C. Cavino designed four varieties of the Adlocutio type, which he used indis- criminately for the different emperors. Head of Claudius r. Triumphal arch surmounted by the equestrian statue of Prusus r. This reverse belongs to Vespasian, No. Bust of Nero r. Cavino engraved two dies with the head of Nero, both having the same in- scription, but on one the head is bearded, while the other is without beard.
Nero on horseback riding r. In addition to the ' Paduan ' there is another modern die with the Decursio type, of the size of the denarius, which has been used for gold, silver and bronze. Head of Nero r.
The emperor on horseback riding r. The Port of Ostia, within, seven ships ; above, lighthouse, surmounted by a statue ; below, the river Tiber reclining, holding oar and dolphin. The genuine coin with similar obverse has eight ships on the reverse.
S C Emperor standing 1. This variety of the Adlocutio is not found on the genuine coins of Nero. Cf, npte to No. Bust of Galba r. Honos and Virtus standing, face to face ; Honos holds sceptre and cornucopia ; Virtus in armor, holds spear and sword, and foot on helmet. Genuine coins with this reverse have a different inscription on the obverse. Emperor addressing his soldiers. Types invented by Cavino. No copper coins of Otho were struck at Rome.
Imitated from a denarius, No. S C Figure standing in a temple.
See note to No. Head of Vitellius r. Female Julia Domna seated 1. The reverse-type and inscription belong to Julia Domna, but it does not appear that Cavino engraved an obverse-die for this empress. S C Honos and Virtus standing face to face, one with foot on dolphin, the other on tortoise. The dolphin and tortoise are not found on the genuine coins of this type. S C Mars helmeted, walking r. Imitation of a genuine coin with similar inscription on obverse.
In addition to the ' Paduans' there are modern dies of two other coins of Vitellius: Bust of Vitellius, r. This coin is imitated from a middle-brass coin having a different obverse-inscription, and a cornucopia instead of a torch near the altar on the obverse. Head of Vespasian r. IMP The emperor in a quadriga r. The genuine coins of this type have no inscription on the reverse. Bust of Vespasian r. Judcea, mourning, seated r. The inscription of the obverse is not found on genuine coins. Honos and Virtus, standing face to face. Mars, naked, walking r. On the genuine coin Spes holds a flower in her hand and one of the soldiers carries a standard.
View of the Flavian Amphitheatre or Colosseum from above. Bust of Titus 1.
Full text of "Medals by Giovanni Cavino, the "Paduan"" The greater number of the coins usually termed " Paduans " are cast from moulds and are of little value. Donor challenge: Your generous donation will be matched 2-to-1 right now. Your $5 becomes $15! Dear Internet Archive Supporter,. I ask only once a year.
Similar to obverse of No. S C, Judrea, mourning, seated r. Bust of Titus r. Mars, helmeted, walking r. There are modern dies of another large-brass of Titus, with the following reverse: Italia seated on a globe, wearing turreted crown. Bust of Domitian r. The emperor seated 1. There are three other modern dies of this type which differ from Cavino's in several respects: Same as preceding reverse. Head of Domitia r. The reverse die for this obverse is not known. It may have been used with reverse of No. Head of Nerva r. The emperor holding scroll seated r.
Bust of Trajan r.
River god reclining 1. The S on the reverse of the imitative coin is reversed. There are also two other modern dies of large-brass coins of Tiajan, both imitated from genuine coins: A grand edifice, adorned with statues. Walls of an hexagonal port, vessels at anchor within. Bust of Hadrian r. On the genuine coins there are eight rowers in the first row and six in the second, while the " Paduan " has ten, and eight ; and on the genuine coins Neptune holds a trident in place of a sceptre. The emperor addressing three soldiers. This reverse-type is not found on the genuine coins of Hadrian. Bridge ; to 1.
Type invented by Cavino. The genuine coin with this reverse-type is without the inscrip- tion NEP. Bust of Antinous r. Mercury with caduceus holding back Pegasus. This rare medal was formerly owned by M.
His de la Salle, and was sold with his collection at London, in No. It was purchased by M. Al- fred Armind, to whom I am indebted for its description. Two persons facing each other, one seated, the other standing. Head of An- toninus r. The emperor standing r.