Integrity
In ethics, integrity is regarded as the honesty and truthfulness or accuracy of one's actions.
The True Meaning of Integrity
Let me call out the key words in this definition that are often missed. Consistency is about being the same regardless of the situation. For example, do you know of leaders whose mood changes by the day and make rash decisions on certain days, yet calm and engaging on other days? This would be an example of inconsistency of actions and outcomes. Consistency is a choice that we make as leaders every single day, even when the situation or environment is not great. If you just had an argument with someone before walking into your next meeting, consistency means that you will make a conscious choice to shift gears and release yourself from the negativity of the last conversation and not bring that to the next meeting.
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Honesty or accuracy of one's actions requires intentionality and thought. How honest or accurate are your behaviors, actions, and words with other people that you lead? I was at a meeting recently with a CEO who cares deeply about values yet is out of integrity because there is a lack of honesty and authenticity in how he behaves. While he says that he cares about teamwork, he doesn't listen to others and gets defensive when challenged with different views.
He believes in creating a culture of love but publicly berates and belittles junior employees. Integrity stems from the Latin word 'integer' which means whole and complete. So integrity requires an inner sense of 'wholeness' and consistency of character. When you are in integrity, people should be able to visibly see it through your actions, words, decisions, methods, and outcomes.
When you are 'whole' and consistent, there is only one you. You bring that same you wherever you are, regardless of the circumstance. You don't leave parts of yourself behind. You don't have a 'work you,' a 'family you,' and a 'social you. We aspire to be in integrity with what we believe but sometimes, we mess up. Sometimes, our emotions get the best of us and we are unable to intentionally manage our behavior and actions. Sometimes, we don't give ourselves permission to be our true selves out of fear of what others may think or due to an inability to truly 'integrate' the various parts of ourselves into ONE, complete WHOLE person.
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An individual must therefore be flexible and willing to adjust these values to maintain consistency when these values are challenged—such as when an expected test result is not congruent with all observed outcomes. Because such flexibility is a form of accountability , it is regarded as a moral responsibility as well as a virtue. An individual's value system provides a framework within which the individual acts in ways which are consistent and expected. Integrity can be seen as the state or condition of having such a framework, and acting congruently within the given framework.
One essential aspect of a consistent framework is its avoidance of any unwarranted arbitrary exceptions for a particular person or group—especially the person or group that holds the framework.
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In law, this principle of universal application requires that even those in positions of official power be subject to the same laws as pertain to their fellow citizens. In personal ethics, this principle requires that one should not act according to any rule that one would not wish to see universally followed.
For example, one should not steal unless one would want to live in a world in which everyone was a thief. The philosopher Immanuel Kant formally described the principle of universal application in his categorical imperative. The concept of integrity implies a wholeness, a comprehensive corpus of beliefs, often referred to as a worldview. This concept of wholeness emphasizes honesty and authenticity , requiring that one act at all times in accordance with the individual's chosen worldview. Ethical integrity is not synonymous with the good, as Zuckert and Zuckert show about Ted Bundy:.
When caught, he defended his actions in terms of the fact-value distinction. He scoffed at those, like the professors from whom he learned the fact-value distinction, who still lived their lives as if there were truth-value to value claims. He thought they were fools and that he was one of the few who had the courage and integrity to live a consistent life in light of the truth that value judgments, including the command "Thou shalt not kill," are merely subjective assertions.
Integrity is important for politicians because they are chosen, appointed, or elected to serve society. To be able to serve, politicians are given power to make, execute, or control policy. They have the power to influence something or someone. There is, however, a risk that politicians will not use this power to serve society. In the book The Servant of the People , Muel Kaptein describes that integrity starts with that politicians should know what their position entails, because integrity is related to their position.
Integrity also demands knowledge and compliance with both the letter and the spirit of the written and unwritten rules. Integrity is also acting consistently not only with what is generally accepted as moral, what others think, but primarily with what is ethical, what politicians should do based on reasonable arguments. Furthermore, integrity is not just about why a politician acts in a certain way, but also about who the politician is.
So integrity is about having the right ethical virtues that become visible in a pattern of behavior.
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Important virtues of politicians are faithfulness, humility. Furthermore, they should be authentic and a role model. Aristotle identified pride megalopsuchia , variously translated as proper pride, greatness of soul and magnanimity [9] as the crown of the virtues, distinguishing it from vanity, temperance, and humility.
Dworkin argues that moral principles that people hold dear are often wrong, even to the extent that certain crimes are acceptable if one's principles are skewed enough.
Integrity is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles, or moral uprightness. It is a personal choice to hold one's self to consistent standards. “Integrity” is a word you hear almost every day, but it's not a word that people spend a lot of time thinking about. If you try to define it, what would you say?.
To discover and apply these principles, courts interpret the legal data legislation, cases etc. All interpretation must follow, Dworkin argues, from the notion of " law as integrity " to make sense. Out of the idea that law is 'interpretive' in this way, Dworkin argues that in every situation where people's legal rights are controversial, the best interpretation involves the right answer thesis, the thesis that there exists a right answer as a matter of law that the judge must discover.
Dworkin opposes the notion that judges have a discretion in such difficult cases. Dworkin's model of legal principles is also connected with Hart's notion of the Rule of Recognition. Dworkin rejects Hart's conception of a master rule in every legal system that identifies valid laws, on the basis that this would entail that the process of identifying law must be uncontroversial, whereas Dworkin argues people have legal rights even in cases where the correct legal outcome is open to reasonable dispute. Dworkin moves away from positivism's separation of law and morality, since constructive interpretation implicates moral judgments in every decision about what the law is.
The procedures known as "integrity tests" or more confrontationally as "honesty tests" [10] aim to identify prospective employees who may hide perceived negative or derogatory aspects of their past, such as a criminal conviction, psychiatric treatment [ according to whom? Identifying unsuitable candidates can save the employer from problems that might otherwise arise during their term of employment.
Integrity tests make certain assumptions, specifically: The claim that such tests can detect "fake" answers plays a crucial role in detecting people who have low integrity. Naive respondents really believe this pretense and behave accordingly, reporting some of their past deviance and their thoughts about the deviance of others, fearing that if they do not answer truthfully their untrue answers will reveal their "low integrity".
These respondents believe that the more candid they are in their answers, the higher their "integrity score" will be. Disciplines and fields with an interest in integrity include philosophy of action , philosophy of medicine , mathematics , the mind , cognition , consciousness , materials science , structural engineering , and politics. Popular psychology identifies personal integrity, professional integrity, artistic integrity, and intellectual integrity.
De schriftelijke integriteitstests zijn gemakkelijk af te nemen. Original article and video can be found here. For example, a scientific investigation should not determine the outcome in advance of the actual results. Another use of the term, "integrity" appears in the work of Michael Jensen and Werner Erhard in their academic paper, "Integrity: Integrity can stand in opposition to hypocrisy , [2] in that judging with the standards of integrity involves regarding internal consistency as a virtue, and suggests that parties holding within themselves apparently conflicting values should account for the discrepancy or alter their beliefs. For example, one should not steal unless one would want to live in a world in which everyone was a thief. Integrity relates to, for example, compliance to the rules as well as to social expectations, with morality as well as ethics, and with actions as well as attitude.
For example, a scientific investigation should not determine the outcome in advance of the actual results. As an example of a breach of this principle, Public Health England, a UK Government agency, recently stated that they upheld a line of government policy in advance of the outcome of a study that they had commissioned.
The "integrity" of a brand is regarded by some as a desirable outcome for companies seeking to maintain a consistent, unambiguous position in the mind of their audience. This integrity of brand includes consistent messaging and often includes using a set of graphics standards to maintain visual integrity in marketing communications. Kaptein and Wempe have developed a theory of corporate integrity including criteria for businesses dealing with moral dilemmas. Another use of the term, "integrity" appears in the work of Michael Jensen and Werner Erhard in their academic paper, "Integrity: In this paper the authors explore a new model of integrity as the state of being whole and complete, unbroken, unimpaired, sound, and in perfect condition.
They posit a new model of integrity that provides access to increased performance for individuals, groups, organizations, and societies.