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She created a repertory based on a training technique that was known around the world for its strength, breadth, and expressiveness, much of it coming from her use of percussive movements. Her works embraced and reflected the theories of Sigmund Freud in psychological explorations through dance, drawing heavily on her perception of and interest in American themes Frontier, , and Appalachian Spring, and Greek mythology Clytemnestra, , and Errand into the Maze, Graham believed that the function of dance was communication, speaking to the emotions and the body of the spectator, as well as to the mind.
Hers was one of the first racially integrated major companies, and it spawned a lineage of important choreographers and companies and a host of schools to train dancers.
Humphrey was known as a humanist, reflecting broad social concerns and the theories of Carl Jung and seeking expression through symbolic images of movement. Humphrey is especially known for her skill in choreographing for large groups. She created her training technique known as "fall and recovery," based on releasing into and opposing gravity. Humphrey's work reflected the increasing concern for understanding the self and the relationship of the human being to a society with My Red Fires, , and Day on Earth, Weidman eventually created his own body of work and was particularly known for his theatricality and comic sense.
Other artists also expressed the spirit of the changing times. Each presented a personal blend of traditions and individual perspectives in movement.
Link on Learning How to Dance (The Concise Collections). The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, more commonly known as the. A New Collection of Dances Containing a Great Number of the Best Ball and . A Concise & Easy Method Of Learning The Figuring Part Of Country Dances.
Just as society was restructuring itself in the United States, so were artists searching for their voices within that new cultural awakening. Helen Tamiris, with a background in theatrical dance and a strong social conscience, brought that balanced perspective to the developing genre of modern dance. Dancing to Negro spirituals in How Long Brethren , she was the first major choreographer to acknowledge this music from the African American community.
Tamiris also choreographed Broadway hit musicals such as Showboat Pearl Primus and Katherine Dunham were two major figures who brought their experience and perspectives as African Americans to modern dance. Primus was both a dancer and an anthropologist and her research heavily influenced her creative work.
Dunham created a body of work and a training system in a distinctive style. In Dunham settled in East St. Louis, Illinois, where she dedicated herself to offering dance training to help young people. Germany also created its own form of modern dance that was eventually intertwined with the American system. Hanya Holm studied in Germany with Mary Wigman, known for her expressionist style. Holm founded a school in New York based on Wigman's training technique, remaining in the United States and teaching professionally and in college programs as well as providing choreography for Broadway musicals such as My Fair Lady and Camelot The wider revolution in dance was inevitably to influence ballet in the United States.
The Russian impresario Sergei Diaghilev became the leading visionary of dance in Europe. Diaghilev's company incorporated two-dimensional effects in body movements and unusual footwork, reflecting the same artistic challenges at work in the United States. The Ballets Russes toured internationally, and remnants of the original company influenced the American dance scene through inspiration or by individuals settling and teaching throughout the United States.
Balanchine created the Ballet Society later the New York City Ballet , which also challenged the look of classical ballet, reflecting and incorporating the energy and speed of the industrial and political climate of the United States. Professional regional ballet companies were established in such cities as Atlanta, Houston, Kansas City, Salt Lake City, and San Francisco, signifying concentrations of wealth, and perhaps a continued preference for the European-based art form.
Mitchell, deeply affected by the death of Martin Luther King, Jr. Slowly but surely the quality of performance in ballet was to rise across the United States. While the classical ballets such as Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, and The Nutcracker continued as staples in the ballet repertory, new perspectives from teachers and choreographers were to create works based on contemporary ideas.
The inspiration for these ballets was distinctively the United States; the ballets reflected the stories and perspective of cultural lore. Social dance sometimes mixed with theatrical dancing, particularly in the movies. One example of this was the work of Vernon and Irene Castle, who were to serve as precursors to Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers and other famous dancing pairs of the movies. The movies drew from a broad range of dancing styles and employed a number of stage dancers, including Anna Pavlova, Shawn, and DeMille. Rudolph Valentino and Joan Crawford were also coaxed into dancing for a script.
Certainly the films of Busby Berkeley brought dancing into the foreground with their emphasis on spectacle and their famous overhead kaleidoscope shots. Astaire and Gene Kelly brought male dancing to the wider public in their musical numbers, displaying virtuosity and skill, both alone and with famous partners. Although not as widely acknowledged, such artists as Bill "Bojangles" Robinson and the Nicholas Brothers brought the African American influence to popular film. As musicals became a force in Hollywood, including transfer of Broadway hits, dancing found a stable place in the film industry.
Later, such films as Saturday Night Fever and Fame were to reflect both social mores and personal struggle, inspiring moviegoers to pursue dance training, whether for social or professional reasons. The Black Crook was performed in , the first version of what was to become the American musical. As the musical stage grew, it drew from any appropriate source and in the twentieth century Broadway produced some of the finest and most exciting dance in the United States.
The movement in each reflected the slice of American culture on which the story was based and the time period in which it was set. As the first half of the twentieth century came to a conclusion, modern dance found itself heading in many directions. His company was chosen to tour South America as part of a political show of strength during the cold war.
Other modern dancers revealed that the field was rebelling internally. Merce Cunningham left the world of Graham to explore a movement vocabulary that paralleled his interest in abstract visual art. While Cunningham challenged Graham's style and philosophy of dance, he also worked to codify a training system and style. Alwin Nikolais, inspired by Holm's teaching, began to experiment with lighting and other theatrical elements in dance, often creating living sculptures from his dancers, visual abstractions accompanied by electronic music he himself composed.
Eric Hawkins left Graham to form a company that explored a number of American themes. Although these artists investigated a range of emotions, they existed in a relatively stable social structure. That all changed beginning in the s with the end of World War II and the return of the soldiers to the United States. Dance reflected the new exuberance and power of the United States. In the late s and into the s and s, dance once again mirrored the changing social climate.
Groups and individuals began to question the increasing formality and codification of modern dance. Just as teenagers rebelled in music and dress, young choreographers declared that theatrical presentation in dance detracted from the pure emotion, while others, who found that the established techniques limited access for the nontrained dancer, chose to explore pedestrian movement such as simple walking, running, and falling.
Yvonne Ranier summarized this movement in her manifesto that began with "No to spectacle, no to virtuosity. Communelike groups sprang up that reflected the social climate of the times: The lives and work of these artists were intertwined and explored spontaneous novelty and the human being involved with discovery and social interaction. The line between life and art began to blur, and the eclectic viewpoints mirrored the increasing complexity of individuality in the changing political and social landscape.
As the writing of James Joyce and the painting of Rauschenberg challenged notions of life and art, such artists as Monk incorporated movement, singing, music, and multimedia elements into what became more and more difficult to define as a single art form. Such experimentation brought new importance to improvisation including the development of "contact improvisation, " based on weight sharing with a partner and offered a new perspective on the role of dance in U.
Dance, like all U. Because the camera, both by design and through the editing process, determines the ultimate view of a dance, media technology played a powerful role in what and how dance movement was viewed, whether on the classical programs on public television's Dance in America series or on MTV. Merce Cunningham and others have incorporated television, video, and computer technology in their definition and creation of dance.
In the late s and early s, the pendulum swung back again and technical dancing resurfaced with the work of Twyla Tharp, which incorporated ballet, modern, jazz, and popular dance and music. Ailey created a major company that incorporated the influences of ballet, Dunham, and Graham. His repertory drew heavily on the African American experience in the United States. The technical base broadened and fusion became the dominant process. This fusion took street dance, social dance, ballet, modern, jazz, tap, cultural forms, and so on, and combined them into forms that were difficult to classify.
As the cultural fabric of the United States continued to expand and weave itself into more and more complicated patterns, so dance acknowledged these new influences and ideas. Choreographers were no longer satisfied with drawing on the established " techniques" but searched for inspiration in the multiple cultures of the United States.
Some examples of the awards in this collection are: Each year, Choice magazine a division of the American Library Association publishes a list of Outstanding Academic Titles that reflects the best in scholarly titles reviewed by Choic e for the previous year. This collection includes titles from top trade publishers that contribute to the Academic course experience.
Working from GOBI's selection of general-academic titles as well as some popular and basic-studies titles, each undergraduate curriculum list has been carefully reviewed in conjunction with GOBIs profiling categories. See ECM for full list of subjects. These lists assist academic librarians with identifying the best possible titles to add to their collections each year.
Separate collections are available for the U. This series of Literary Criticism collections contains eBook titles and criticism on a theme. These collections would work well for high schools, community colleges, and general readers. Doody's is an authoritative medical book review service designed to assist medical libraries and institutions with their purchasing decisions. Titles are reviewed by medical librarians and content specialists and are given a rating of stars.
Each year, key selections are compiled into a list known as Doody's Core Titles DCT , which highlights the best titles published within a variety of medical specialties. These five Indigenous Studies Collections explore the art, culture, religion, history, legal status and modern life of indigenous people and societies worldwide. The collections are intended for an academic audience. These collections are highly focused on specific fields of Christian studies and Christian theology and are organized by subject for ease of use. Graphic Novels have grown in popularity in all types of libraries.
There was one list on the blog of Mandingueira , but it had become outdated and since a few weeks, the website is offline. So, I decided to create an updated list of books that discuss capoeira or are related to capoeira. In this first post I am listing all books written in English. And in a third post I am going to share a list of research papers and essays. With the combination of these three lists I hope to provide a good reference on reading material for any capoeirista. The list is ordered alphabetically. For every book I added a difficulty, this is an indication of the minimum level of capoeira experience that is required to fully understand it.
I started out writing the descriptions myself but somewhere halfway through I got lazy and started copying summaries from other sites. Deceptive Discourse in Brazilian Capoeira author: This is another classic, a must-have for every capoeira practicioner. The book is over 25 years old, so expect some information to be outdated. Based on eighteen months of intensive participant-observation, Ring of Liberation offers both an in-depth description of capoeira—a complex Afro-Brazilian martial art that combines feats of great strength and athleticism with music and poetry—and a pioneering synthetic approach to the analysis of complex cultural performance.
Paul Christopher Johnson pages: Johnson traces this historical shift and locates the turning point in the creation of Brazilian national identity and a public sphere in the first half of the twentieth century. Soul of Brazilian Music author: There is no other work of this length and depth available which solely discusses the berimbau, and being written in English it is surely unique. People interested in music or musical history will surely enjoy this work.
The Guidebook serves as a reference on several subjects for students who want a clear and concise explanation of things. Reviews are positive, complimenting the clarity of the chapters. The Hidden History of Capoeira: As an academic work it is one of the best books available. Read a full review here.
December original from ISBN: This is the absolute must-have for every capoeirista. Even though the book is quite old, it is still a record holding capoeira book: In , Nestor Capoeira released a completely new edition of the book. The Taste of Blood: This is another book I find interesting to mention even though there is no direct link to capoeira.
Ricardo Cachorro Mestre Ricardo pages: This is more of a reference than a guidebook. There really are no secrets involved. Intermediate readers will probably find the most to enjoy in this book.
One, of course, cannot learn Capoeira from a book, but reading through the suggestions in the book on when and how to use the technique will provide some valuable pointers on things to try in the roda, which can then be refined with suggestions from the mestre. Your email address will not be published.
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