A Primer on School Budgeting

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Since —08, inflation-adjusted average spending per pupil in the rest of the country has declined about 4 percent, compared to 12 percent in California. In the rest of the country, a majority of students are white. State and federal counts differ for free and reduced-price lunch counts and special education students; therefore, the figure may not match state counts.

Florida, New York, and Texas Table 1. But California spends much more on teacher salaries than Florida and Texas, which means that California students are in larger classes. New York has similar average teacher salaries, but spends more than double per pupil than California and is able to maintain much smaller class sizes. Rankings of the States and Estimates for School Statistics Funding not adjusted for regional costs as in Figure 6.

There is a gap of 30 points between white and black students in California, compared to 22 points in Florida and New York and 23 points in Texas. And the gap between students who do and those who do not qualify for free and reduced-price lunch is also larger in California.

Differences in base funding are determined by historic factors such as the type and size of a district, not by student needs. This means that funding per pupil varies even across districts serving similar student populations. Funding per pupil in — The general consensus is that only a few experts truly understand the system, because it has been shaped by a series of court cases, voter-approved initiatives, and historic spending patterns, rather than by the needs of students.

This is not to say that California is the only state with a complex system. But many other states have adopted more transparent finance systems that are designed to accommodate the varying needs of students.

The proposal includes extra funding for districts where targeted students make up more than 50 percent of the student population. After consulting with school districts and statewide education organizations, Governor Brown revised his proposal in May. The new proposal added weights for grade levels, reflecting the belief that some grade levels may be more expensive, such as science lab equipment or additional elective courses for students in high school.

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Also, some categorical funding was excluded from the WPF. However, most experts believe that in January he will introduce an amended proposal that incorporates feedback from school districts and statewide education associations. The passage of Proposition 30 protects public schools, colleges, and universities from additional deep cuts in — Moreover, even when school funding was at its peak, many studies pointed to the need for increased funding.

As more revenue flows into our schools, a new funding formula could direct the money in a way that is more responsive to student needs. National Center on Education Statistics. Proposition 98 also includes local property taxes. Other stimulus funds were used to increase funding in federal categorical programs, such as Title I and special education. Update on School District Finance in California Total funding and spending data for —12 are not yet available. California adequacy lawsuit charges that the school finance system is unconstitutional because it fails to provide all students with an equal opportunity to meet state standards.

School Year —11 U. Federal and state student counts differ. According to California Department of Education data, in —11 56 percent of students were eligible for free or reduced price lunch and 10 percent received special education services. These states are the four largest in number of students, have comparable percentages of students qualifying for free or reduced-price lunch, and have many ELs, though California has the largest number and percent of ELs. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study.

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