Stumbling
He stumbled along the track in the dark. He stumbles over his words when speaking in public. I stumbled across this book today in a shop. References in classic literature?
Stumbling-Block; Stumbling-Stone
As he was crossing through the water he lost his footing, stumbled and fell, and not being able to rise on account of his load, groaned heavily. And the old man stumbled toward me and threw his arms about me. On and on we stumbled beneath that hateful noonday sun. I turned by an effort, stumbled over the curate, and stopped at the scullery door.
That is to say, not noticing the slipperiness of the threshold, I stumbled against an old woman who was filling milk- jugs from a pail, and sent the milk flying in every direction View in context. After a few hours the road began to be rough, and the walking grew so difficult that the Scarecrow often stumbled over the yellow bricks, which were here very uneven. As best I could, I stumbled after him down a steep declivity beginning at the forest's edge. I mean, it gets kind of confusing. If a song has a curse word in it, should I avoid it altogether because someone else might stumble whatever that means?
What about smoking cigars? Or what about that new movie coming out? Can I go to the theater to see it? It seems like we need to break down exactly what scripture means when it addresses the issue of stumbling blocks.
Let me start by saying what it does not mean. Did you catch that? Lying, cheating, slandering, stealing, and sexual immorality are all clearly sin.
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Paul clearly addresses the idea of being a stumbling block in 1 Corinthians 8. The issue at hand is food offered to idols. This knowledge led them to insist that it was perfectly fine for them to eat food offered to idols.
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Paul, however, was concerned for those who had been saved out of idol worship. For these people, eating food offered to idols was akin to idol worship itself.
They closely associate eating food offered to idols with worshiping the idols themselves. But take care that this right of yours does not somehow become a stumbling block to the weak. And so by your knowledge this weak person is destroyed, the brother for whom Christ died. When Jewish cemeteries were destroyed throughout Nazi Germany , the gravestones were often repurposed as sidewalk paving stones. The desecration of the memory of the dead was implicitly intended, as people had to walk on the gravestones and tread on the inscriptions. The Stolpersteine provocatively hint at this act of desecration, as they lack any kind of defense against new acts of shame.
While the art project thus intends to keep alive the memory, implying that improper acts could easily happen again, the intentional lack of defense against potential desecration also created criticism and concern.
Some German cities like Munich still do not accept the setting of Stolpersteine , and look for alternative ways of commemoration instead. Research about future Stolperstein locations is usually done by local school children and their teachers, victims' relatives, or local history organizations. The database of Yad Vashem in Jerusalem [9] and the online database version of the Germany Minority Census are used to search for names and residential addresses of Nazi victims.
When research on a particular person is completed, Demnig sets out to manufacture an individual Stolperstein. The person's name and dates of birth, deportation and death, if known, are engraved into the brass plate. The words Hier wohnte The Stolperstein is then inserted at flush level into the roadway or sidewalk, at the individual's last known place of freely chosen residence or work, with the intention to "trip up the passer-by" and draw attention to the memorial. The costs of Stolpersteine are covered by individual donations, local public fund raising, contemporary witnesses, school classes, or community funds.
Today, it may take up to several months from the application for a new Stolperstein until it is finally installed. On 16 December , 50 years had passed since Heinrich Himmler had signed the so-called Auschwitz-Erlass " Auschwitz decree" , ordering the deportation of Sinti and Roma to extermination camps. This order marks the beginning of the mass deportation of Jews from Germany. To commemorate this date, Gunter Demnig traced the "road to deportation" by pulling a self-built, rolling pavement-printing machine through the inner city to the train station, where the deportees had boarded the trains to the extermination camps.
On its brass plate were engraved the first lines of the Auschwitz decree. Gradually, the idea arose of expanding the commemoration project to include all victims of Nazi persecution, as well as always doing so at the last places of residence which they were free to choose.
A Stolperstein would symbolically bring back the victims to their neighbourhoods, to the places where they rightfully belonged, even many years after they had been deported. Art Projects for Europe". This church, located prominently in Cologne city center, was already serving as an important commemorative institution, and is part of the Cross of Nails community since Another 55 stolpersteine were set up in the Kreuzberg neighborhood of Berlin in , during the "Artists Research Auschwitz " project.
Friedrich Amerhauser was the first mayor who granted permission to install stolpersteine within his city. As of October , Gunter Demnig had already laid more than 13, stolpersteine in more than cities. He expanded his project beyond the borders of Germany to Austria, Italy, the Netherlands and Hungary. Some stolpersteine were scheduled to be laid in Poland on 1 September , but permission was withdrawn, and the project was cancelled.
On 24 July , the 20, th stolperstein was unveiled in the Rotherbaum district of Hamburg , Germany. As of 15 May , more than 22, stolpersteine had been set in European cities and towns, in eight countries which had formerly been under Nazi control or occupied by Nazi Germany.
Stumbling definition, to strike the foot against something, as in walking or running , so as to stagger or fall; trip. See more. stumbling definition: 1. present participle of stumble 2. to step awkwardly while walking or running and fall or begin to fall: 3. to walk in a way that does not seem .
By 8 July , the number of stolpersteine had risen to more than 25, , in cities and smaller towns. As of 24 June , Demnig had installed 30, stolpersteine. In , Gunter Demnig stated on his website: There are already over 32, stolpersteine in over locations. Many cities and villages across Europe, not only in Germany, have expressed an interest in the project. It was one of the first 10 stolpersteine in memory of Dutch communists who were executed by the German occupation forces after their betrayal by countrymen for hiding Jews and Roma. On October 23, the Stolpersteine are always installed in front of the last home which the victim had chosen freely.
The most important source for potential locations is the so-called " Judenkartei " Jews register , which was set up at the census of Germany as of 17 May Since , Demnig has frequently been invited to place stolpersteine in the Netherlands.
The Book in Three Sentences
The first city to do so was Borne. As of , 82 stolpersteine have been installed there. By January , in total, more than 2, stolpersteine have been laid in Dutch cities and townships, including Amsterdam , Den Haag and Rotterdam , but particularly in smaller cities like Hilversum 92 stolpersteine , Gouda , Eindhoven , Oss and Oudewater each.
In the latter city he placed 74 stones; had already been placed, and there were requests for more. In the Czech Republic, the work on stolpersteine started on 8 October in Prague. Today, stolpersteine are found in nearly the entire area of the country. As of January , the exact number of stolpersteine has not yet been established, but the main work was done in the larger cities, including Prague , Brno , Olomouc and Ostrava.