Cruentus: Rise to Power

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Then, we measured different leaf traits i. Results showed that the competition intensity between A. This may be due to the large functional divergence between A. Phenotypic plasticity of SLA and leaf chlorophyll concentration of A. The lower range of phenotypic plasticity of SLA and leaf chlorophyll concentration of A.

The restricted phenotypic plasticity of SLA and leaf chlorophyll concentration of A. Meanwhile, the two Amaranthus species possessed greater plasticity in leaf N concentration under NO3-N fertilization, which enhanced their competitiveness. Os animais foram colocados em um pasto adubado e severamente invadido pela planta. An outbreak of acute poisoning caused by Amaranthus spinosus is described in ewes of southern Brazil.

The clinical signs were characterized by uremic halitosis, loss of ruminal motility, dispnoea and abortion. Grossly in the kidneys there were pale red spots, white. The potential of Zea mays, Commelina bengelensis, Helianthus annuus and Amaranthus hybridus for phytoremediation of waste water.

Full Text Available Waste-water from domestic use and from industrial effluent burden the water systems with high levels of heavy metal hence there is need to remove these heavy metals so that the waste water can be recycled for use for household or irrigation.

The present study has screened Zea mays maize, Commelina bengelensis wondering jew, Helianthus annuus sunflower and Amaranthus hybridus amaranthus for their ability to bioaccumulate Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn metals. The results obtained show that the H. Grain amaranth Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. However, the features of Al-induced secretion of organic acid anions OA and potential genes responsible for OA secretion are poorly understood. This thesis examines the ability of betacyanin, a natural red-violet pigment from red pitahaya Hylocereus polyrhizus and red spinach Amaranthus dubius in inhibiting the growth of bacteria that cause diseases and bacteria attached to surfaces such as glass, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, and silicone rubber.

Extraction was optimized to produce a betacyanin fraction and various assays were carried out to identify the best betacyanin formulation against a polymi Ciclagem de nutrientes por plantas de cobertura na entressafra em um solo de cerrado Nutrient cycling in off-season cover crops on a Brazilian savanna soil. As plantas de cobertura avaliadas foram: The objective of this work was to evaluate the accumulation and the liberation of nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S of cultural residues by three species of cover crops, in off-season. Tested cover crops were amaranthus Amaranthus cruentus L.

The experiment was carried out in a Typic Haplorthox clay texture soil. A randomized block desing in a split-plot array in time, with four replications, was used. At the flowering of the species, the production of dry matter and the accumulation of nutrients were evaluated. Proportional samples of dry matter of each cover crop species were placed in.

Effects of diets with Amaranthus dubius Mart. The seeds of two Amaranth species were studied. The starch contents were and g kg-1 while crude protein contents were and g kg-1 for Amaranthus caudatus and Amaranthus cruentus seeds, respectively. The effect of several treatments, including cooking, popping and germination and flour. Target-site resistance to acetolactate synthase ALS -inhibiting herbicides in Amaranthus palmeri from Argentina. Herbicide-resistant weeds are a serious problem worldwide.

We conducted studies to confirm and elucidate the mechanism of resistance. We performed in vivo dose-response assays, and confirmed that both populations had strong resistance to chlorimuron-ethyl, diclosulam and imazethapyr when compared with a susceptible population S. In vitro ALS activity inhibition tests only indicated considerable resistance to imazethapyr and chlorimuron-ethyl, indicating that other non-target mechanisms could be involved in diclosulam resistance. Subsequently, molecular analysis of als nucleotide sequences revealed three single base-pair mutations producing substitutions in amino acids previously associated with resistance to ALS inhibitors, A, W, and S This is the first report of als resistance alleles in A.

The data support the involvement of a target-site mechanism of resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Amaranthus caudatus extract inhibits the invasion of E.

Cruentus: Rise to Power

Amaranthus caudatus is traditionally used to treat infections. Based on its traditional usage, we investigated the effect of A. The direct antimicrobial effects of A. Bladder epithelial cell lines T24 and and uropathogenic E. Bacterial adhesion and invasion into bladder cells treated with A. No direct antibacterial effect on E. Our results showed that A. Agronomic biofortification of Amaranthus dubius with carbohydrates, proteins and Vitamin A using Spirulina platensis is reported in the present preliminary study.

Biofortification of the nutrients were evaluated on 5th and 20th day. Germination was optimum at 0. The concentration of total chlorophyll in control and biofortified leaf on 20th day were The concentration of proteins was Antioxidant activity of control leaf was Thus the study confirms the fortification of leaf with proteins, carbohydrates and vitamin A. Variability, heritability and genetic association in vegetable amaranth Amaranthus tricolor L. Forty three vegetable amaranth Amaranthus tricolor L. The analysis showed that vegetable amaranth is a rich source of K, Ca, Mg, proteins and dietary fibre with average values among the 43 genotypes 1.

Insignificant genotypic correlation was observed among mineral, quality and agronomic traits, except K vs. Some of these genotypes can be used for improvement of vegetable amaranth regarding mineral, protein and dietary fibre content without compromising yield loss. Full Text Available A research has conducted about the microemulsion formulation of purified extract of red spinach leaves Amaranthus tricolor L.

Physical stability test was conducted on the organoleptic test, measuring the diameter of globules, pH test, test and test viscosity centrifugation. Measurement data were statistically analyzed using paired samples T test. The test results of antioxidant activity microemulsion purified extracts of spinach leaves, red show IC50 values on day 1 was 1. While vitamin C microemulsion shows IC50 values on day 1 of 0. Despite the decreased antioxidant activity, but each of the stocks included in the category of very powerful antioxidants.

Full Text Available The anatomy of stems and leaves of two populations of the weed species Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMARE1 having green stems covered in sparse hairs and pop. Sampling was performed at the stage of full vegetative growth of plants. Permanent microscoping preparations were made to measure and analyze elements of the anatomy of stems stem epidermis, cortex, collenchyma, central cylinder and diameter and leaves leaf epidermis upper surface and underside, mesophyll, leaf thickness and bundle sheath thickness. Both analysed populations of A. The stem had three distinctive zones: Amaranth leaves have dorsoventral structure, i.

The results indicated high and very high significance of differences found in stem anatomy between the two analysed populations, while leaf anatomy was not found to display significant differences other than in mesophyll thickness. Pharamcognostical and physicochemical characterization of Amaranthus graecizans subsp. Brenan, a medicinal herb belongs to family Amranthaceae. Pharamcognostical and physicochemical characterization of A. Transverse sections of leaf, stem and root showed the arrangement of different cells, certain tissues that will serve as diagnostic characters to standardize this plant.

The powder microscopy of leaf, stem, root, fruit and seed depicted various microscopic structures including; fibres, vessels, tracheids, oil cells, starch granules, cortical cells, cork cells, phloem, collenchyma and parenchyma tissues etc. In fluorescence analysis different colors were seen when extracts were exposed to ordinary and UV light. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of whole herb exhibited the occurrence of saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, sterols, lipids and alkaloids.

These findings and estimations will help in characterization, verification and quality maintenance of A. Characteristic of fermented spinach Amaranthus spp. Fermentation on spinach Amaranthus sp. Purification of fermented spinach extract suspension was carried out through microfiltration MF membrane pore size 0. Result of the experimental activity showed that long fermentation time increased total acids, total polyphenol and Total Plate Count TPC , and decreased total solids and reducing sugar in biomass.

The optimal fermentation time was reached for 2 weeks with total polyphenol recovery increasing of Long fermentation time increased functional properties of polyphenol as antioxidant.

Early season interference in soybean [Glycine max L. A field experiment over 2 years compared season-long interference of these biotypes in soybean. The six Palmer amaranth biotypes reduced soybean height similarly in the greenhouse but did not affect soybean height in the field. Reduction in soybean fresh weight and dry weight in the greenhouse; and soybean yield in the field varied by Palmer amaranth biotypes.

When Palmer amaranth biotypes were grouped by response to glyphosate, the GS group reduced fresh weight, dry weight, and yield of soybean more than the GR group. The results indicate a possible small competitive disadvantage associated with glyphosate resistance, but observed differences among biotypes might also be associated with characteristics within and among biotypes other than glyphosate resistance. Antioxidative activities and phenolic compounds of pumpkin Cucurbita pepo seeds and amaranth Amaranthus caudatus grain extracts. Pumpkin seeds showed the higher content of TPC than that from amaranth.

The TEAC values of both extracts were similar each other. The lower value of FRAP was observed for pumpkin seed. Phenolic compound present in amaranth grain exhibited strongest antiradical properties against DPPH radical. Several peaks were present on the HPLC chromatograms of two extracts. Weed control by crops through growth suppressive root exudates is a promising alternative to herbicides. Buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum is known for its weed suppression and redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus control is probably partly due to allelopathic root exudates.

This work studies whether other weeds are also suppressed by buckwheat and if the presence of weeds is necessary to induce growth repression. Buckwheat and different weeds were co-cultivated in soil, separating roots by a mesh allowing to study effects due to diffusion. Characterization of root exudates by UHPLC-HRMS and principal component analysis revealed that BK and BK-P had a different metabolic profile suggesting that buckwheat changes its root exudation in the presence of pigweed indicating heterospecific recognition.

Among the 15 different markers, which were more abundant in BK-P, tryptophan was identified and four others were tentatively identified. Our findings might contribute to the selection of crops with weed suppressive effects. N deposition affects allelopathic potential of Amaranthus retroflexus with different distribution regions. Ar leaf extracts only displayed significantly allelopathic potential on the underground growth of Ar but not the aboveground growth of At.

The allelopathic potential of Ar leaf extracts on root length of At were enhanced under N addition and there may be a N-concentration-dependent relationship. The effects of the extracts of Ar leaves that collected from Zhenjiang on seed germination and growth of At may be higher than that collected from Jinan especially on root length of At under medium N addition. This reason may be the contained higher concentration of secondary metabolites for the leaves of plants that growths in high latitudes compare with that growth in low latitudes.

The allelopathic potential of Ar on seed germination and growth of acceptor species may play an important role in its successful invasion especially in the distribution region with low latitudes. Leaf cuticle variations in amaranthus spinousus as indicators of environmental pollution. Investigation of the leaf epidermal characteristics of Amaranthus spinosus from polluted and non-polluted populations revealed that the stomatal pores of the leaves of the plants of the polluted areas were closed whereas those of the non-polluted areas were open.

Mean length x mean width of stomatal pores on the upper leaf surface were 0. Also, the leaves of the polluted population were smaller than those of the non-polluted population. The average leaf area of the plants of the Polluted population was 7. The results were attributed to the combined effects of air pollutant that predominated roadsides from where the samples were taken.

Thus it is inferred that this plant could serve as bio-indicator of air pollution. Effects of defatted amaranth Amaranthus caudatus L. Extensional and shear viscosity of acidified amaranth starch-sodium caseinate suspensions were evaluated. Mixed systems of amaranth starch-sodium caseinate acidified with glucone-delta-lactone GDL were studied using rheological measurements under biaxial compression and shear. The effects of the acidification rate slow and fast and final pH neutral and isoelectric point of casein were evaluated considering the interactions between biopolymers and their influence on the rheological parameters.

Other substances had no allelopathic effect on seed germination and seedling growth of the tested plant. The inhibition was hypothesized to be from a synergistic interaction of each pair of alleochemicals. Mole ratios of each pair of allelochemicals A: E were then evaluated, and the best ratios of the binary mixtures A: E were found to be 2: These binary mixtures significantly inhibited germination and shoot and root growth of Chinese amaranth at low concentrations. The results reported here highlight a synergistic behavior of some allelochemicals which could be applied in the development of potential herbicides.

Full Text Available At the present celiac disease has no known cure, and its only treatment is a strict lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. Cheese bread is a traditional Brazilian product and a safe option for celiacs. However, like other gluten-free breads, it has inherent low levels of fibers and minerals.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporation of whole amaranth flour on the physical properties and nutritional value of cheese bread. The increasing amaranth levels darkened the product, reduced specific volume, and increased compression force. Ten percent amaranth-content cheese breads exhibited slight differences in physical properties compared with the controls. The aim of this approach is to increase the availability of gluten-free bakery products with added nutritional value contributing to increase the variety of the diet of celiac patients.

Schizonticidal effect of a combination of Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthus spinosus and Andrographis paniculata are traditionally used as antimalarial herbs, but the combination of both has not yet been tested. The aim of this study was to determine the schizonticidal anti-malaria effect of a combination in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. All treatment with plant extracts was administered orally, once per day for 7 days.

Evaluation of gut modulatory and bronchodilator activities of Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Methods The crude extract of A. Results In the in-vivo experiments in mice, the administration of A. When tested on isolated gut preparations, the plant extract showed a concentration-dependent 0. The spasmogenic effect was partially blocked in tissues pretreated with atropine 0. The plant extract up to 0. The cardio-stimulant effect was abolished in the presence of propranolol, similar to.

Concentrations of long-chain acyl-acyl carrier proteins during fatty acid synthesis by chloroplasts isolated from pea Pisum sativum , safflower Carthamus tinctoris , and amaranthus Amaranthus lividus leaves. Fatty acid synthesis from [C]acetate by chloroplasts isolated from peas and amaranthus was linear for at least 15 min, whereas incorporation of the tracer into long-chain acyl-acyl carrier protein ACP did not increase after min.

Half-lives of the long-chain acyl-ACPs were estimated to be s. Concentrations of palmitoyl-, stearoyl-, and oleoyl-ACP as indicated by equilibrium labeling during steady-state fatty acid synthesis, ranged from 0. A slow increase in activity of the fatty acid synthetase in safflower chloroplasts resulted in long-chain acyl-ACPs continuing to incorporate labeled acetate for 10 min. Upon re-illumination following a dark break, however, both fatty acid synthetase activity and acyl-ACP concentrations increased very rapidly. Palmitoyl-ACP was present at concentrations up to 2.

Acyl-ACPs were routinely separated from extracts of chloroplasts that had been synthesising long-chain fatty acids from labeled acetate by a minor modification of the method of Mancha et al. The results compared favorably with those obtained using alternative analytical methods such as adsorption to filter paper and partition chromatography on silicic acid columns. Influence of Amaranthus hybridus L. Common pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. Chemicals extracted from homogenized pigweed with distilled water, ethanol, or dichloromethane and sprayed back on pigweed deterred oviposition by the BAW.

Similarly, water extracts of frass from conspecific larvae or southern armyworm SAW larvae,S. Confirmation of the presence of oviposition-deterring chemicals in pigweed was used to explain a previously observed seasonal displacement of BAW by SAW on pigweed in the field. Single-molecule sequencing and Hi-C-based proximity-guided assembly of amaranth Amaranthus hypochondriacus chromosomes provide insights into genome evolution.

Amaranth Amaranthus hypochondriacus was a food staple among the ancient civilizations of Central and South America that has recently received increased attention due to the high nutritional value of the seeds, with the potential to help alleviate malnutrition and food security concerns, particularly in arid and semiarid regions of the developing world. Here, we present a reference-quality assembly of the amaranth genome which will assist the agronomic development of the species. Potensi Pengembangan Bahan Ajar: Dengan Teknik Hidroponik Sistem Wick.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of nutrient concentrations on plant growth AB Mix the spinach with hydroponic techniques wick system as well as the design for the development of learning handout on SMP IPA in March-May The study was carried out by two phases: Full Text Available Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is a simple and rapid method for detecting herbicide effects after a short time following their application in photosynthetic apparatus in plants.

Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were carried out against two broad of weeds to describe how the Kautsky curve and its parameters were affected by herbicides. In contrast, chlorophyll fluorescence inhibition was evident by chloridazon at doses of and g a. Furthermore, chlorophyll fluorescence decays only occurred by clopyralid in A. There was a relatively good correlation between fluorescence parameters taken 24 hours after the spraying and the dry matter taken three weeks later, for both species under study. Recovery of Fermented Spinach Amaranthus sp.

Full Text Available Fermentation process on spinach Amaranthus sp. Result of experimental activity showed that based on both selectivity and recovery of folic acid, process optimization of UF was reached at stirrer rotation speed rpm and pressure 40 Psi. In the optimum condition, SUFC technique was able to recover folic acid in retentate Identification of monomer in permeate from the optimum process treatment was find out folic acid monomer with molecular weight MW Other dominant monomer were folic acid fraction. Betacyanins are reddish to violet pigments that can be found in red pitahaya Hylocereus polyrhizus and red spinach Amaranthus dubius.

This study investigated the impact of sub-fractionation solvent partitioning on betacyanin content in both plants. Characterization of betacyanins and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities were also carried out. Betanin was found in both plants. In addition, isobetanin, phyllocactin and hylocerenin were found in red pitahaya whereas amaranthine and decarboxy-amaranthine were found in red spinach. Sub-fractionated red pitahaya and red spinach had Sub-fractionation increased the betanin and decarboxy-amaranthine content in red pitahaya and red spinach, respectively.

The betacyanin fraction from red spinach minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] values: Similarly, the red spinach fraction MIC values: This could be because of a higher amount of betacyanin, particularly amaranthine in the red spinach. Predacion de semillas de Amaranthus quitensis H. Para determinar los insectos presentes y su abundancia se emplearon trampas "pitfall". The objective was to evaluate the losses of the superficial bank of Amaranthus quitensis seeds, due to insect predation, in a soybean crop and in the subsequent fallow, in two tillage systems.

To estimate predation rates, trays covered with wire meshes to prevent rodent predation, and with fine sheer net tulle in the control treatment were used; weed seeds were sown in each tray, and the number of remaining seeds was registered every 15 days.

Pitfall traps were used to identify insects species occurring in the field and to estimate their abundance. The carabid Notiobia cupripennis was captured in pitfall traps, the higher. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la capacidad extractora de Plomo Pb y Cadmio Cd del quelite Amaranthus hybridus L.

En el primero se adicionaron tres cantidades de micorrizas 0, 2. Here, Al-induced OA secretion in grain amaranth roots was characterized by ion charomatography and enzymology methods, and suppression subtractive hybridization SSH together with quantitative real-time PCR qRT-PCR was used to identify up-regulated genes that are potentially involved in OA secretion. The results showed that grain amaranth roots secrete both oxalate and citrate in response to Al stress.

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The secretion pattern, however, differs between oxalate and citrate. Neither lanthanum chloride La nor cadmium chloride Cd induced OA secretion. A total of 84 genes were identified as up-regulated by Al, in which six genes were considered as being potentially involved in OA secretion. The expression of a gene encoding tonoplast dicarboxylate transporter and four genes encoding ATP-binding cassette transporters was differentially regulated by Al stress, but the expression pattern was not correlated well with that of oxalate secretion.

Our results not only reveal the secretion pattern of oxalate and citrate from grain amaranth roots under Al stress, but also provide some genetic information that will be useful for further characterization of genes involved in Al toxicity and tolerance mechanisms. Methyl jasmonate differentially affects tocopherol content and tyrosine amino transferase activity in cultured cells of Amaranthus caudatus and Chenopodium quinoa.

Tocopherols are lipid-soluble compounds synthesised exclusively by photosynthetic organisms. In this study, in vitro callus cultures were established from two plants that are naturally rich in tocopherols, Amaranthus caudatus and Chenopodium quinoa, in order to examine whether callus cultures were able to produce these compounds at levels comparable to those observed in planta.

In both species, cotyledon explants produced the best callus induction and, once established, callus cultures were grown under two different hormonal treatments to check for effects of growth and to induce chloroplast differentiation in the cells. A rapid differentiation of chloroplasts occurred only in C. In both species, only alpha-tocopherol was produced by callus cultures, although levels were much lower than in planta, and the production was not influenced by the hormonal conditions.

Interestingly, cell cultures of the two species responded in different ways to methyl jasmonate MJ. This increase in alpha-tocopherol was associated with a proportional increase in tyrosine aminotransferase TAT activity, one of the key enzymes involved in tocopherol biosynthesis. By contrast, in C. These results are discussed in relation to chloroplast differentiation and the interplay between jasmonates and phytohormones.

Full Text Available Amaranthus plants, or spinach, are used extensively as a vegetable and are known to possess medicinal properties. Advanced glycation end-products AGEs cause cell toxicity in the human neuronal cell line, SH-SY5Y, through an increase in oxidative stress, as shown by reducing cell viability and increasing cell toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the results showed that A. We concluded that A. This suggests that Amaranthus may be useful for treating chronic inflammation associated with neurodegenerative disorders.

Evaluating the efficacy of pre- and post-emergence herbicides for controlling Amaranthus retroflexus L. Field studies were conducted from to to evaluate the control of Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album and tolerance of potato Solanum tuberosum cv. Nutritional potentials of some tropical vegetable leaf meals Three tropical vegetable species Talium triangulare, Amaranthus cruentus and Telfairia occidentalis were selected based on their availability and agronomic desirability.

The freshly harvested vegetable leaves were subjected to 2 processing techniques shredding and sundrying before milling into the vegetable leaf Nutritional and functional properties of a complementary food based The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional and functional properties of Amaranthus cruentus grain grown in Kenya for preparation of a ready-to-eat product that can be recommended as infant complementary food.

Amaranth grains were subjected to steeping and steam pre-gelatinization to produce a The data were analyzed using SNAP 9 software. The study showed that the most produced species are amaranth Amaranthus cruentus , nightshade Solanum scabrum To test the effect of poultry manure PM and urea - N on flower initiation and leaf yield of Amaranthus cruentus.

Effect of seed treatments on the chemical composition of two amaranth species: The effects of seed treatments, including cooking, popping, germination and flour air classification on several components of Amaranthus caudatus and A. The lipid, crude and dietary fibre, ash, and sugar contents were.

Effect of poultry manure and urea-n on flowering occurrence and A field experiment was conducted during the dry season December — March in and Herbicides synthesis and biological tests to determine its activity on the weeds; Sintesis de herbicidas y pruebas biologicas para determinar su actividad sobre la maleza. Four derivatives of Dicamba 2-methoxy-3, 6-dichlorobenzoic acid were obtained: The oxime did not show activity on Amaranthus silvester, all the substances were active on the other two weeds. Se probaron el alcohol 2-metoxi-3, 6-diclorobencilico, 2-metoxi-3, 6-diclorobenzaldehido, 2-metoxi-3, 6-diclorobenzaldoxima.

En amaranto , la oxima fue el unico que no presento actividad. En diente de leon y Sonchus, todas las sustancias probadas presentaron actividad. A dose recomendada de oxyfluorfen controlou eficientemente A. Trifluralin foi eficiente no controle de A. Diuron, pendimethalin e S. Propiedades estructurales y funcionales de preparados proteicos de amaranto modificados y soja- amaranto. Fue identificada como uno de los cinco granos sagrados conjuntamente con el arroz, el trigo, la cebada y el mijo, considerados esenciales para la supervivencia de su civiliz Neuro-endocrine effects of aqueous extract of Amaranthus viridis Linn.

Full Text Available Cyclophosphamide CP is a widely used cytotoxic alkylating agent with antitumor and immunosuppressant properties that is associated with various forms of reproductive toxicity. The significance of natural antioxidants of plant origin should be explored, especially in a world with increasing incidence of patients in need of chemotherapy. The neuro-endocrine effects of aqueous extract of Amaranthus viridis Linn.

Assessment of the irrigation feasibility of low-cost filtered municipal wastewater for red amaranth Amaranthus tricolor L cv. Full Text Available Because of the scarcity of clean water, treated wastewater potentially provides an alternative source for irrigation. In the present experiment, the feasibility of using low-cost filtered municipal wastewater in the irrigation of red amaranth Amaranthus tricolor L cv.

Surma cultivation was assessed. The collected municipal wastewater from fish markets, hospitals, clinics, sewage, and kitchens of households in Sylhet City, Bangladesh were mixed and filtered with nylon mesh. Six filtration methods were applied using the following materials: The water from ponds and rivers was considered as the control treatment To. The chemical properties and heavy metals content of the water were determined before and after the low cost filtering, and the effects of the wastewater on seed germination, plant growth and the accumulation rate of heavy metals by plants were assessed.

However, select pH values were unsuitable for irrigation. The metal concentrations decreased after applying each treatment. When we considered the individual filtering material, the maximum amount of As and Pb was absorbed by sawdust; Cu and Zn by wood charcoal; Mn and Cu by sand and Fe by gravel. Among the six filtration treatments, T5 showed the highest seed germination The genus Amaranthus comprises species which, consumed as vegetables, provide essential nutrients to man; they also have a high acceptability among the population.

These two factors justify the need to increase their cultivation. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to establish the most adequate physiological state of maturity, to harvest the leaves for human consumption. The field experiment utilized a randomized block design with three treatments and eight replications. These treatments consisted in harvesting the plants at 25, 40 and 60 days after emergence of the seedlings, samples which served to evaluate: The chemical composition of the harvested material was evaluated also in terms of moisture, protein, crude fiber, ether extract, ash, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, iron, beta-carotene and oxalates.

The results obtained in the agronomic study were subjected to analysis of variance for the respective design, with significant differences found between treatments for all the variables studied. In its turn, the results of the chemical analysis were analyzed by a completely randomized design, with significant differences obtained for most of the variables studied, except for ether extract, calcium, iron and oxalates. From the nutritional point of view, the first harvest was the most acceptable due to the chemical composition of the plant, in particular protein It did not occur so from the agronomic point of view, since during this stage, very low yields of green matter At the second harvest, besides obtaining adequate yields of green matter 6, Cultivars against Tumble Pigweed Amaranthus albus L.

Full Text Available Introduction Using crop species and cultivars with high competitive ability against weeds is one of the effective strategies for sustainable weed management. Emergence rate, rapid root growth, seed vigor, development rate of leaves, rapid root and shoot biomass accumulation, rapid canopy closure and plant height are important traits in relation to the competitiveness between different cultivars of crops. Competitive ability is measured using two indices including the weed growth prevention ability or weed biomass reduction index and crop tolerance to weed or yield reduction preventing index.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the competitive ability of six oilseed sunflower Helianthus annuus L. Materials and methods This experiment was carried out as factorial layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, University of Birjand in Treatments were included six sunflower oilseed cultivars Azargol, Jame esfehan, Farrokh, Syrna, Progress, Euroflor and tumble pigweed densities in four levels zero control, 5, 10 and 15 plants per square meter.

The number of days and cumulative degree days were recorded from sowing to emergence. Plant height, leaf area and dry matter were recorded at four stages from emergence to 75 days after it. Sunflower seeds were harvested after physiological maturity. Preventing indices were used to evaluate the competitive ability of cultivars, competitive tolerance Watson et al. The graphs were prepared by Excel.

Results and Discussion Analysis of variance showed that there was a.

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Phytotoxical effect of Lepidium draba L. Laboratory experiments were performed to determine phytotoxic potentials of white top Lepidium draba methanol extracts root, stem and leaf on germination and early growth of corn Zea mays and redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus. Furthermore, the effects of different methanol extracts of L. It was observed that all concentrations of methanol extracts of root, stem and leaf of L. Besides this, the degree of inhibition was increased in concert with increasing concentrations of extracts used.

On the other hand, phytohormone levels changed with the application of different extract concentrations. Comparing with the control, the GA levels significantly decreased while the ABA levels increased in all the application groups. Zeatin and IAA levels showed changes depending upon the applied extracts and concentrations.

Utilizing single-molecule, real-time sequencing Pacific Biosciences and chromatin interaction mapping Hi-C to close assembly gaps and scaffold contigs, respectively, we improved our previously reported Illumina-based assembly to produce a chromosome-scale assembly with a scaffold N50 of To demonstrate the accuracy and utility of this approach, we produced physical and genetic maps and identified candidate genes for the betalain pigmentation pathway. The incorporation of functional ingredients like amaranth Amaranthus dubius Mart.

Thirty male Sprague dawley rats were randomized into three groups: Data were analyzed using a completely randomized with 10 replications analysis, using the comparison test of Tukey for biochemical parameters. Postprandial glycemic response was analyzed by the method of repeated measures over time. The values of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and atherogenic risk factor index were statistically significant P. Characterization of Grain Amaranth Amaranthus spp. Full Text Available Efficient utilization of plant genetic resources for nutrition and crop improvement requires systematic understanding of the important traits.

Amaranthus species are distributed worldwide with an interesting diversity of landraces and cultivars whose leaves and seeds are consumed. Despite their potential to enhance food security and economic livelihoods, grain amaranth breeding to improve nutritional quality and adoption by farmers in sub-Saharan Africa is scanty. This study assessed the variation among 29 grain amaranth accessions using 27 phenotypic 10 morphological and 17 nutritional characters and 16 random amplified polymorphic DNA RAPD primers. Multivariate analysis of phenotypic characters showed the first four principal components contributing RAPD primers generated a total of amplicons with an average of The RAPD-based unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram grouped the accessions into nine clusters, with the same species clustering together.

RAPD primers distinguished the accessions more effectively than phenotypic markers. Accessions in the different clusters as obtained can be exploited for heterotic gain in desired nutritional traits. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomized in 6 groups: Induction hyperlipidemic using high fat diet and poloxamer.

The data obtained were tested normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Result show the use of ethanolic extract of red spinach leaves can reduce fatty liver condition based on decreased level of ALT and liver histopathologic. Characterization of fermented broccoli Brassica oleracea L. The aims of this study is to determine the differences of particles characteristics and compositions of concentrate and powder from both mentioned folic acid source through Micro Filtration MF membrane and without MF membrane.

Full Text Available The study compares the growth, yield, and proximate composition of Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus cruentus , and Amaranthus deflexus, grown with poultry manure and NPK in relation to the unfertilized soil of Ilorin, Nigeria. NPK grown Amaranthus species had the highest protein while PM-grown vegetables had the highest ash content. Crude fibre in A. The NPK treatment of A. NPK and PM favoured growth and yield of the Amaranthus species but influenced proximate composition differently.

Glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus palmeri, one of the most troublesome weeds in agriculture, has evolved through increased EPSPS gene copy number. Hydroponically grown glyphosate sensitive GS and glyphosate resistant GR plants were treated with glyphosate 3 days after treatment.

In contrast, glyphosate treatment provoked a general accumulation of the transcripts corresponding to genes of the AAA pathway leading to synthesis of chorismate in both GS and GR. After chorismate, anthranilate synthase transcript abundance was higher while chorismate mutase transcription showed a small decrease in GR and remained stable in GS, suggesting a regulatory branch point in the pathway that favors synthesis toward tryptophan over phenylalanine and tyrosine after glyphosate treatment.

This was confirmed by studying enzyme activities in vitro and amino acid analysis. Importantly, this upregulation was glyphosate dose dependent and was observed similarly in both GS and GR populations. Glyphosate treatment also had a slight effect on the expression of BCAA genes but no general effect on the pathway could be observed. This finding supports the idea that the fitness cost associated. Full Text Available This study carried out in a factorial layout on completely randomaized block design with three replications, to evaluate the above- and below- ground competition between sesame Sesamum indicum and pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus, and their impacts on sesame yield and yield component.

The experimental treatments were all combination of crop-weed competition shoot competition, root competition and root-shoot competition and sesame plant densitys 1, 2 and 4 plant per pot. Plants were sown in plastic pots 24 cm diameter and 28 cm height in year , at feild of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. For study the shoot competition of sesame-pigweed, the roots were separated by plastic when the pots were filled with soil before sowing the seeds. Three weeks after emerging, shoots of plants were separated vertical barrier 30 x 70 cm for studing root competition.

Results showed that competition treatments had a significant effect on seed weight per plant and yield components except seed weight. Among competition produced higher yield and yield components compared to othere treatments. However, sesame and pigweed biological weight in root-shoot competition was 2.

Capsule number in main and sub branches, capsule number in plant, seed number in capsule and seed number in plant in complete competition treatment was 15, 2. Sesame density also had a significant effect on seed weight per plant and yield components. When low density were used one plant, yield and yield components was more, therefore in one plant per pot density biological weight of sesame was 3. The novel and taxonomically restricted Ah24 gene from grain amaranth Amaranthus hypochondriacus has a dual role in development and defense. Full Text Available Grain amaranths tolerate stress and produce highly nutritious seeds.

We have identified several abiotic stress-responsive genes of unknown function in Amaranthus hypochondriacus, including the so-called Ah24 gene. Ah24 was expressed in young or developing tissues; it was also strongly induced by mechanical damage, insect herbivory and methyl jasmonate and in meristems and newly emerging leaves of severely defoliated plants. Interestingly, an in silico analysis of its bp promoter region showed a predominance of regulatory boxes involved in development, but not in defense.

The Ah24 cDNA encodes a predicted cytosolic protein of amino acids, the localization of which was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Additional in silico analysis identified several other Ah24 homologs, present almost exclusively in plants belonging to the Caryophyllales. The possible function of this gene in planta was examined in transgenic Ah24 overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum plants.

Transformed Arabidopsis showed enhanced vegetative growth and increased leaf number with no penalty in one fitness component, such as seed yield, in experimental conditions. Transgenic tobacco plants, which grew and reproduced normally, had increased insect herbivory resistance. Modified vegetative growth in transgenic Arabidopsis coincided with significant changes in the expression of genes controlling phytohormone synthesis or signaling, whereas increased resistance to insect herbivory in transgenic tobacco coincided with higher jasmonic acid and proteinase inhibitor activity levels, plus the accumulation of nicotine and several other putative defense-related metabolites.

It is proposed that the primary role of the Ah24 gene in A. Silver nanoparticles AgNPs biosynthesized using pod extract of Cola nitida enhances antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of Amaranthus caudatus Linn. This study investigates the influence of different concentrations of AgNPs biologically synthesized using pod extract of Cola nitida on antioxidant activity, phenolic contents, flavonoid contents and compositions of Amaranthus caudatus L. AgNPs of 25, 50, 75, and ppm were utilized in growing A. Delayed germination for two days was observed for A. Antioxidant activity of A.

Significant improvements obtained for phenolic and flavonoid contents grown with AgNPs were concentration dependent. Kaempferol and quercetin were the most abundant flavonoids in A. This further confirms A. This study has shown that concentration-dependent AgNPs can be used to boost antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents of vegetables. Concentrating biomass of fermented broccoli Brassica oleracea and spinach Amaranthus sp. Organic acids and polyphenol from fermentation of green vegetables by Kombucha culture are novelty functional food to achieve prebiotic and natural antioxidant.

Ultrafiltration UF mode was performed to concentrate biomass of fermented broccoli Brassica oleracea L. Based on total organic acids, experiment activity showed that the best treatment on biomass of fermented broccoli and spinach were reached at stirrer rotation speed of rpm and rpm, respectively. In this condition, fermented broccoli and spinach concentrates gave total acids 0.

Compared with feed, the optimum condition on fermented spinach and broccoli concentrates increased total acids Identification on monomer from fermented spinach and broccoli at optimum condition on lactic acid were dominated by monomers with molecular weights MWs Fermented broccoli has potency as prebiotic, meanwhile fermented spinach has potency as anti oxidant.

Effect of seed burial, different residue levels and thermal enviroment on germination and emergence of Amaranthus quitensis K. A 4 cm y con rastrojo el retraso en la emergencia y en la tasa de incremento fueron mayores que en los otros tratamientos. Germination and emergence are the most important stages in the invasion process of annual weeds. The objective was to relate germination and emergence of Amaranthus quitensis with seed sowing depth, crop residue and different thermal environment of seeds in the soil.

During y seeds were buried in bags at two depths 0. In situ germination was periodically recorded. Emergence was evaluated in pots with the same seed sowing depths and residue levels treatments. In all cases, the soil daily thermal amplitude was recorded. Germination and emergence were linearly related with the thermal amplitude and were highest at 0. At 4 cm and with residue the delay in. Watson in Glyphosate-Resistant Maize. A Palmer amaranth Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson biotype has evolved resistance to photosystem PS II- atrazine and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase HPPD -inhibiting herbicides mesotrione, tembotrione, and topramezone in maize seed production field in Nebraska, USA.

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of soil residual pre-emergence PRE herbicides followed by fb tank-mixture of residual and foliar active post-emergence POST herbicides on PS-II- and HPPD-inhibitor-resistant Palmer amaranth control, maize yield, and net economic returns. Differences in functional traits between invasive and native Amaranthus species under simulated acid deposition with a gradient of pH levels. Co-occurring invasive plant species invaders hereafter and natives receive similar or even the same environmental selection pressures.

Thus, the differences in functional traits between natives and invaders have become widely recognized as a major driving force of the success of plant invasion. Meanwhile, increasing amounts of acid are deposited into ecosystems. Thus, it is important to elucidate the potential effects of acid deposition on the functional traits of invaders in order to better understand the potential mechanisms for the successful invasion.

This study aims to address the differences in functional traits between native red amaranth Amaranthus tricolor L. Pigweed was significantly taller than amaranth under most treatments. The greater height of pigweed can lead to greater competitive ability for resource acquisition, particularly for sunlight.

Leaf shape index of pigweed was also significantly greater than that of amaranth under all treatments. The greater leaf shape index of pigweed can enhance the efficiency of resource capture especially sunlight capture via adjustments to leaf shape and size. Thus, the greater height and leaf shape index of pigweed can significantly enhance its competitive ability, especially under acid deposition.

Acid deposition of pH 5. The main mechanism explaining this pattern may be due to acid deposition mediating a hormesis effect on plants, promoting plant growth. The values of the relative competition intensity between amaranth and pigweed for most functional traits were lower than zero under most. Transcriptomic analysis of grain amaranth Amaranthus hypochondriacus using pyrosequencing: Full Text Available Abstract Background Amaranthus hypochondriacus, a grain amaranth, is a C4 plant noted by its ability to tolerate stressful conditions and produce highly nutritious seeds.

These possess an optimal amino acid balance and constitute a rich source of health-promoting peptides. Although several recent studies, mostly involving subtractive hybridization strategies, have contributed to increase the relatively low number of grain amaranth expressed sequence tags ESTs, transcriptomic information of this species remains limited, particularly regarding tissue-specific and biotic stress-related genes. Thus, a large scale transcriptome analysis was performed to generate stem- and abiotic stress-responsive gene expression profiles in grain amaranth.

The average sequence length was 1, bp and bp for isotigs and contigs, respectively. Only 5, singletons were recovered after quality control. Only 8, sequences were found to be homologous when the transcriptomes of A. Digital expression analysis identified 1, differentially expressed genes in response to at least one of four stress treatments tested.

These included several multiple-stress-inducible genes that could represent potential candidates for use in the engineering of stress-resistant plants. The transcriptomic data generated from pigmented stems shared similarity with findings reported in developing. With the prevalence of no-till systems in Central-Western Brazil, a more in-depth knowledge. Nutritional Value and Utilization of Amaranthus Amaranthus spp It also has anti-inflammatory properties, immunomodulatory activity, anti-androgenic activity and anthelmintic properties.

Characterization of biomasses, concentrates, and permeates of dried powder of Kombucha fermentation of spinach Amaranthus sp. Fermentation of spinach Amaranthus sp and Broccoli Brassica oleracea using Kombucha Culture has been shown to produce biomass that has the potential to become natural sources of folic acid. To produce the materials, following the fermentation, the biomass was filtered using membrane microfiltration 0. Following this step, freeze drying process was done on the biomass feeds, as well as on the concentrate and permeate fractions.

Freeze drying results showed that the final products, have differences in compositions, as well as differences in the dominat monomers of folates. After water content was driven out, freeze drying increased the concentrations of folic acid in the dried products, and was found to be the highest in the concentrate fractions. Freeze drying has been shown to be capable of protecting the folates from heat and oxidative damages that typicaly occur with other types of drying.

The final freeze dried concentrates of fermentation of spinach and broccoli were found to contain folic acid at Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectometry LC-MS identification of the folates in the freeze dried concentrates of fermented spinach and broccoli was done using folic acid and glutamic acid standard solutions as the reference materials. The results showed the presence of folic acid and showed that the dominant monomers of molecules of folates with molecular weights of Moreover, the monomers of glutamic.

Lifescience Database Archive English. Leafy amaranthus consumption patterns in Ouagadougou, Burkina It was found that leafy vegetables are cultivated under both rain-fed and Ninety-four per cent of the interviewed people use vegetable Amaranth in sauce. Antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacies of Amaranthus polygonoides In this experiment, the superoxide radicals were generated in 3. Cytokinin activity of disubstituted aminopurines in Amaranthus. Posted by Shelby Rodewald at 7: Book 1, The Cruentus Series.

The scene was set, the pieces strategically placed. But what no one expected, not even Arturo, was that Emiliana and his son, Donato, would fall in love against all odds. For Arturo, love made one weak, but for his son, it was love at first sight. Donato wanted it all, his gamble paid off richly, and he achieved both marriage and love.

An unknown force too unsettled to let the vision spill and strengthen the Cruentus family decided to do the unthinkable—double-cross the Cruentus family. Rage and disdain fuelled Donato and Arturo. Though their reasons were very different-their goal unified them. They squared off with the leader of the Russian Coven to take back Emiliana, and in the end the Russian coven paid the highest price as the leader's blood was spilled in retribution for his crime at the hands of Arturo.

News spread quickly to the Magia Council, and before long Arturo was called before them to answer for his crime of murder unjustly. The Ancients of the roundtable at Mount Blanc, the mountain range bordering Italy and France, was now enacted as they listened to the tale that had unfolded. Rise to Power is a unique read that will draw you in and take you places that you've never been before.

The characters are well written and engaging. The combination of the late s time period and the magical world in which the story takes place serves to make this story memorable and interesting. I've never read something quite like this novella and I can't wait to see more from L. Broomfield in the future. Rise to Power is the first part of the Cruentus Series. In many ways a prequel to the heart of the story, this novella packs quite a punch. While classified as a paranormal romance, that label simply is not all-encompassing enough to truly define the story.

Broomfield wields her words much the way her warlocks wield their magic, creating a world that the the reader simply becomes immersed in. Through twists and turns, the plot is unpredictable and layered, and it will leave you wanting more. It is the perfect combination of love and magic, romance and peril, action and old-fashioned good vs. Are you ready for a journey into the world of dark magic, blood contracts, and innocence taken for granted?

Welcome to the world of author LS Broomfield in her novella, Cruentus: A book you will definitely not want to put down, Rise to Power has power, greed, innocence, and magic. A page turner to the very end!! I loved this novella. Broomfield did a fantastic job of putting me into another world. You are taken back to a much earlier time with dark magic, kidnapping, and the need for power.

In the middle of this dark story there is a beautiful romance. One that seems unlikely at first. I highly recommend this book, and I'm sure you won't be dissapointed! Go check it out!! She is full of talent and takes a fresh look on the paranormal world. As a child, Lisa always wanted to write. At such a young age, it was perhaps mostly incoherent thoughts tossed across the pages but still for all, it was a desire even then to write and tell a story.

As an adult, Lisa met an amazing group of individuals, and with their support and encouragement was brave enough to write and let people read the stories in her mind. While writing is one thing, allowing others to read the words one has spent hours putting to paper is entirely another thing.

It opens the author wide to both praise and criticism. Lisa found it to be scary, yet wonderfully exciting. Lisa has many people to thank for helping her to reach where she is today, but none of this would be possible without the support of her husband, Shawn, and her amazing kids, Brittany, Daniel, and Jacob. These people fill her world with color and make it worth writing — they enable her to do what she loves. You can find L. Broomfield on her Blog , Facebook , and Twitter. You can find Cruentus: Rise to Power on Amazon Excerpt 1.

Emiliana looked straight ahead, continuing on their walk of the grounds. He felt the lessons I was learning at the time were far more valuable than magic. What warlock would ever deny their child of learning their heritage? It was unheard of. I bet I have used my hands more tilling our garden for food than you ever have. He wondered what she would be like had she received the magical teaching as she grew. Her father was an imbecile. Though, I have had the other extreme of that. I grew up not having to do anything for myself, other than magic. It makes me whole. She stopped at an odd juncture, staring at the nestling of trees on the property.

Though the moment was brief, it was like Emiliana was a million miles away. I would change nothing of my life, except for the day I met you. Her words sliced him deeply even if they were not intended to. Can you at least have an open mind about us? Did she have a choice? This was not how Donato planned to spend his day. He needed to make her see he was not just a rich kid. A smile caused his cheeks to lift, eyes twinkling. I have wanted to surprise my mother with her favorite flower for a very long time, but I do not know the first thing about gardening.

With that, Emiliana could not help the smile that broke across her face. Looking up at him, she offered him an olive branch. His smile mirrored hers. After only three days he could see a smile, and he had caused it. He knew deep down, eventually she would love him.

Donato was not about to back down against his father. Not when it affected his female, Emiliana. Arturo rose from his chair, leaned his palms on the mahogany desk, and looked hard at his son. Fury bubbled deep inside of him, but his appearance told no such tale. You also seem to forget how you begged me to let you marry her. Arturo waved off his words as if they meant nothing. He scoffed to himself. It was an arrangement, and the rest carnal desire took care of. Love made men weak and weak was something Arturo Cruentus was not.

Donato never spoke out of turn to his father, ever. He always had a fearful respect for him and his mother, Camilla, but Emiliana was not the only person experiencing change; his loving her was changing him too. It was one thing for a random business acquaintance to try and issue demands, but his son?

No, this simply would not do. It was not going to happen, not as long as the fires burned hot in the pits of hell. He pulled back and stepped around his desk. It was only then that he gave way to some of the anger he was feeling. You have until the night of the full moon to marry that peasant, Emiliana Gallo.

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If you do not adhere to this warning, I will take her from you and sell her to another. For a moment he was stunned regarding the threat. His head shook side to side.

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I assure you, you have not met the Arturo Cruentus that our magical world knows. Would he truly sell Emiliana, knowing his own son, blood of his blood, loved her? He stepped back, defeated in his attempts of rising up against his father. Just know that I will never aim to be like you or stand for anything you stand for. The only reason I agree to this is because I love her and will not have her fate in your hands any longer. No matter how much you would like to think you are not Do not test me; neither you nor Emiliana will like what happens when my hand is forced.

Hope you have enjoyed what you've read so far! Please go to our blog tour host Reading Lark for your chance to win a copy of this great book!!! Thursday, March 28, She wants her past hidden Walters has done it again folks! This is book 5 in The Fitzgerald Family Series. All of the books have been amazing, but I do believe this one is my favorite. Eddie has always been one of my favorite Fitzgeralds, and it was wonderful to hear his story.

Oh, how I love a smoking hot man in protector mode!! Amy and her daughter are such lovable characters from the beginning. I also love how the Fitzgeralds are always there for each other, no questions asked. Forever Hers was a great, exciting story. I highly recommend this book, AND the entire series. I hope they never end, and I'm patiently waiting for the next book in the series!!!

Posted by Shelby Rodewald at 6: Monday, February 13, Review: Between Seasons by Aida Brassington. Patrick Boyle dies in the fall of , just days before he's due to report for the Vietnam War draft, which seems like a good thing until he realizes he's stuck in the house with no indication of when he'll be escorted to heaven. And after his parents leave the house, he's trapped without company -- until a mysterious woman who can channel his memories buys the house forty years later. The spring brings with it new life, but falling in love with the new owner may only bring heartbreak to them both.

I've read stories about people being stuck in the afterlife many times, but this was so different and unique Between Seasons is so clever and imaginative. I thought I would get bored with following Patrick around for awhile but there was still so many little things to keep me intrigued.

She's the new owner with a trouble past and a family that doesn't understand her. I loved her character and she seemed so genuine and honest. This story envelops a heartfelt romance unlike an others I have read. When I finished this book I had to just sit there and reflect on everything for awhile.

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