Le cinéma de Saül Birnbaum (French Edition)

All Aboard – The Kindertransports

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Leftover children were kept in transit-camps until such a time when they could be sent to specially-prepared orphanages. About half the transported children were taken in by foster families or sponsers, while the rest ended up in boarding schools, orphanages, youth hostels or on farms as farmhands.

For most children, life was pretty good.

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Most of the older children found work as farmhands, general labourers or as domestic servants. The oldest of the older children even signed up to join the British Army when they reached the age of 18, determined to fight the people who had driven them out of their homeland in the first place. The start of the Second World War effectively ended the Kindertransports. In England, a wave of anti-German feeling swept through the country. Thousands of Germans and Austrians were rounded up, arrested and thrown in prison. Among these were abut a thousand kindertransport refugees who looked old enough to be young adults.

To try and render them a negligable force, they were packed onto ships and sent to Canada and Australia.

The purpose of the internments was to seperate legitimate refugees of Nazism, from German and Austrian expatriates, who the British government saw as a threat. But in the chaos following the fall of France, everything got mixed up.

The most famous case was that of the HMT Dunera. They included a smattering of German and Italian P. Ws, Nazi-sympathisers, and in one of the biggest blunders ever — about two thousand mostly German or Austrian Jewish refugees, including kindertransport children. The inclusion of the Jewish refugees on the prison-ship was a shameful disaster, one which Churchill himself called a deplorable and regrettable incident.

It left Liverpool on the 10th of July, It sailed without incident, all the way to the other side of the world!

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It docked in Sydney, Australia, two months later. The desperately overcrowded ship which was only supposed to hold 1, people bcame notorious for the cramped, crowded and unsanitary conditions onboard. Australian customs and medical officials, who boarded the ship when it docked in Sydney, were appalled by the conditions in which two thousand Jewish refugees, and about P. Ws, were forced to spend two months at sea in! The Dunera docked in Port Melbourne, Australia, The prisoners onboard ship, including the Jewish refugees, were herded into prisoner-of-war camps in Australia.

Changes were implemented and the Jews were automatically segregated from the German and Italian P. Ws and Nazi-sympathisers, and given their own camp.

Here, they received medical treatment and whatever food and water the Australian government could spare. Of the Jewish refugees who somehow ended up in Australia on the Dunera , about a thousand of them stayed in Australia where they were offered permanent residency by the Australian government. Several hundred of the younger refugees enlisted in the Australian Army to fight the Japanese and the Germans. The remainder of the refugees booked passages back to England on the next available ship.

The Kindertransports ended officially on the 1st of September, , the day that Germany invaded Poland. On this day, the borders were closed and trains were no-longer allowed to pass freely between the countries of Europe. The Winton trains were a small number of trains that ran from Czechslovakia to safe ports in Western Europe, transporting Czech Jewish children to safety in England. They are named after Sir Nicholas Winton, the young British businessman who initiated the scheme. Sir Nicholas and his trains managed to save nearly Jewish children from death.

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When war broke out in early September of , the ninth and final Winton train was stopped at the Czech border. Nearly all the Jewish children onboard were eventually killed. Onboard the train were Jewish survivors who escaped the Holocaust on the original Winton trains back in , and their descendants. As of the time of this post, Sir Nicholas is years old. The very last Kindertransport left Europe on the 14th of May, It carried eighty incredibly lucky children to safety in England. Of the 10, Jewish children and teenagers who escaped the Nazis during the Holocaust thanks to the kindertransports, nearly none of them ever saw their parents ever again.

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