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Evidence-based nursing : an introduction

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Evidence-Based Nursing : an Introduction.

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Asking questions in this format assists in generating a search that produces the most relevant, quality information related to a topic, while also decreasing the amount of time needed to produce these search results. Once results have been found on the intervention or treatment, the research can be rated to determine which provides the strongest level of evidence.

There are seven levels of evidence, with a level I being of the strongest quality and a level VII being of the weakest quality:. The strongest levels of evidence, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, summarize evidence related to a specific topic by finding and assessing studies that specifically relate to the question being asked. Meta-analyses are systematic reviews that also use quantitative measures such as statistics to summarize the results of the studies analyzed.

Evidence-based nursing

Thinking of the information resources used to obtain evidence as a pyramid can help determine what the most valid and least biased evidence is. The top of the pyramid is just that. This is where decision support can be found, which is found within the medical record. The middle of the pyramid is the reviews of the evidence. This includes systematic reviews, practice guidelines, topic summaries, and article synopses.

The bottom of the pyramid is the original studies. The bottom is also considered the foundation of the pyramid and where evidence begins.

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The approach suggested provides a framework for developing and evaluating qualitative research that would have both defensible scholarly merit and heuristic value. It also considers the ways in which these findings can be implemented in clinical practice, and how research can be practically applied to clinical decision-making. Amazon Renewed Refurbished products with a warranty. For qualitative research to be reliable, the testing must be unbiased. Please enter recipient e-mail address es. Please enter the message. Please select Ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway.

This includes research articles. Those who look for evidence here need special knowledge and skills to not only find the evidence itself but how to evaluate its worthiness. To begin the critical appraisal process, three questions need to asked to determine the relevance of evidence and if evidence applies to population being cared for.

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The three questions are:. After asking these three questions, evidence appraisal continues by creating an evidence synthesis. This synthesis compares multiple studies to see if they are in agreement with each other. After appraising the evidence, it is necessary to integrate it with the provider's expertise and patient's preferences. The patient is encouraged to practice autonomy and participate in the decision-making process. Therefore, even if the study had successful outcomes, the patient may refuse to receive a treatment.

Assessment findings and patient history may reveal further contraindications to a certain evidence-based treatment.

Lastly, availability of healthcare resources may limit the implementation of a treatment even if it is found to be effective in a study. The next step in the evidence-based practice process is to evaluate whether the treatment was effective in terms of patient outcomes. It is important to evaluate the outcomes in a real-world clinical setting to determine the impact of the evidence-based change on healthcare quality.

The last step is to share the information especially if positive outcomes are achieved. By sharing the results of evidence-based practice process, others may benefit. Some methods to disseminate the information include presentations at conferences, rounds within one's own institution, and journal publications.

One method of research for evidence-based practice in nursing is 'qualitative research': The point of qualitative research is to provide beneficial descriptions that allow insight into patient experiences. That this perspective tends to dominate the evidence-based practice literature makes the merit of qualitative research unclear;" 1 Some people view qualitative research as less beneficial and effective, with its lack of numbers, the fact that it is "feeling-based" research, makes the opponents associate it with bias.

Nevertheless, the ability to empathetically understand an individual's experience whether it be with cancer, pressure ulcers, trauma, etc.

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For qualitative research to be reliable, the testing must be unbiased. To achieve this, researchers must use random and non-random samples to obtain concise information about the topic being studied. If available, a control group should be in use, if possible with the qualitative studies that are done.

Evidence should be gathered from every available subject within the sample to create balance and dissolve any bias. There should also be several researchers doing the interviewing to obtain different perspectives about the subject.

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Researchers must also obtain negative information as well as the positive information gathered to support the data. This will help to show the researchers were unbiased and were not trying to hide negative results from readers, and actually makes it possible to objectively understand the phenomenon under investigation.

The inclusion of this negative information will strengthen the researchers' initial study, and may actually work in favor to support the hypothesis. Any data that has been gathered must be appropriately documented. If the data collected was obtained from interviews or observation, it must all be included. Computerised Decision Support Systems in Nursing -- Building a foundation for evidence-based practice: You may have already requested this item.

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Evidence-Based Nursing : an Introduction.

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