Humanitäre Interventionen der USA seit 1990 (German Edition)

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Mandelstam and Hersch Lauterpacht began to examine the idea of international intervention on behalf of human rights, arguing in favor of the development of a mechanism to protect these rights. In the mids, these debates were given fresh impetus by the adoption of two UN human rights covenants in and the first International Conference on Human Rights, held in Tehran as part of the International Year of Human Rights. Starting in March , an armed uprising against the rule of the Sultan emerged in different places in Greece. In the reconquest of Chios in April , Ottoman troops operated with extreme brutality.

They pillaged and plundered the Greek settlements, murdering in the process an estimated 25, residents and abducting more 45, to the slave markets of the Ottoman Empire. While the Greek independence movement itself relied on merciless warfare and likewise perpetrated a series of massacres of the Muslim population, the European reporting concentrated almost exclusively on the Ottoman atrocities against the Christian population.

With his visualization of suffering, Delacroix intended to arouse the concern and sympathy of the viewers for the fate of the Greeks and thereby to mobilize political support for the Greek struggle for independence. Human rights and international law garnered increasing popularity since the end of the Second World War.

Since the end of the Cold War, the language of human rights has reached unprecedented social and political legitimacy.

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At the same time, however, the religious, legal, and ideological origins of competing ideas of human rights fell into oblivion. Recent scholarship has thus emphasised the role of ideological conflicts, church and religious activism, and social movements in the emergence of human rights as a political language and part of international law. How did socialist human rights concepts develop alongside and in conflict with liberal-democratic ideas?

What was the role of the churches, religious groups and activists in the negotiation of human rights language? How were human rights politically employed and by whom? Was the so-called human rights revolution of the s much more triggered by Third World liberation ideology and decolonisation movements than Western governments? Did religious and ideological beliefs structure the evolution of human rights language and international law much more than legal thought?

This section explores human rights concepts, their political language, and religious and ideological roots as an integral part of the Cold War in Germany and beyond. Der Kampf um das menschenfreundlichere System: Menschenrechte, das geteilte Deutschland und die Vereinten Nationen nach Fabian Klose, Review of: Setting the precedent, Series: Key debates and new approaches, Manchester, Manchester University Press, , pp. The issue of humanitarian intervention — the use of force to prevent and to end gross violations of humanitarian norms — is usually associated with the last decade of the twentieth century and described as a recent phenomenon emerging mainly after the end of the Cold War.

However, over the last few years an intriguing discussion about the historical origins and the emergence of the concept has evolved. With very few exceptions, most of these books focus on the European interventions to protect Christian minorities in the Ottoman Empire during the long 19th century and present these case studies as pivotal for the evolution of the concept [1]. Only the very brief chapter on the US intervention in the Cuban war of independence in adds an additional case not related to the Ottoman Empire. How should the international community react when a government transgresses humanitarian norms and violates the human rights of its own nationals?

And where does the responsibility lie to protect people from such acts of violation? Charting the development of humanitarian intervention from its origins in the nineteenth century through to the present day, the book surveys the philosophical and legal rationales of enforcing humanitarian norms by military means, and how attitudes to military intervention on humanitarian grounds have changed over the course of three centuries.

Drawing from a wide range of disciplines, the authors lend a fresh perspective to contemporary dilemmas using case studies from Europe, the United States, Africa and Asia. The workshop participants at the terrace of Villa Schifanoia from left to right: On 25th November , scholars met at the EUI to discuss recent research on the history of humanitarianism.

Research on the Entangled History of Humanitarianism and Human Rights

Dirk Moses EUI , who convened the workshop, opened the day with remarks on the controversial nature of humanitarianism. What for some is a heroic movement that ended the slave trade is for others the rhetorical handmaiden of the European empires that partitioned Africa in the name of ending slavery and introducing civilization in the late nineteenth century.

New research is historicizing these impressions, debates, and associated notions of humanity, humanitarian aid, humanitarian intervention, human rights and genocide prevention.

Late s humanitarian reason appeared strikingly similar made up with regard to the politics of solidarity and inequality we presently witness in Europe. Based on extensive archival research, he highlighted the centrality of the suppression of slave-trading for establishing the practice of humanitarian intervention before its inclusion in the body of international law towards the end of the nineteenth century.

This has not been fully acknowledged in recent research. Klose also emphasized that the interventionist discourse was not a human rights discourse.

Humanity as a legal norm to be enforced by states was limited to the notion of a common humanity which was open to numerous differentiations, categorizations, and hierarchies. The Librarian Veronique Ziegenhagen introduced the library with its encompassing publications on International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, Humanitarian Action, international conflicts and crises.

He gave a presentation on his long experience with special insights into Red Cross prison visits with political detainees.

Interdisciplinary contributions on important international or EU-related issues are also very welcome. Papers are available in electronic format only and can be downloaded at below. Mai bis Eine quantitative Analyse medialer Debatten zu sexueller Gewalt in bewaffneten Konflikten Seit den er Jahren und insb.

Von transnationaler politischer Kommunikation ist dabei die Rede, wenn gleiche Themen zur gleichen Zeit unter vergleichbaren Relevanzgesichtspunkten debattiert werden. Es sind starke nationale Unterschiede zu beobachten. Wird das Thema jedoch zur gleichen Zeit diskutiert, so wird es auch unter vergleichbaren Relevanzgesichtspunkten debattiert.

Die Interventionen im Kosovo, in Afghanistan und insbesondere im Irak und Libyen haben dieser Debatte neue Dynamik verliehen, wobei deutlich wird, dass Multilateralismus unterschiedlich aufgefasst wird. Access to large digital text samples in various languages and the development of general-purpose tools in natural language processing holds great promises for comparative content analysis in the social sciences.

However, boosted size, multiplicity of text genres and languages, and automation sharpen some classical problems inherent in the content analytical method. They reinforce the question of how certain pre-defined conceptual categories can be assigned to passages of text without violating the meaning that is implied by the entire text item through its linguistic structure. The paper proposes corpus-based content analysis as a method to achieve high internal validity and increase in effectiveness through semi-automation.

It offers criteria that help to relate semantic information retrieved with the help of corpus-linguistic methods and computational tools to specific conceptual categories of a social science research project. An illustration of how to apply the method is provided for the conceptual categories: After a lapse in interest and popularity, realist approaches to International Relations IR have begun to spark interest again, even in Europe. This paper elaborates the origin of Hans J. Surprisingly, less work has been done on the evolution of Realism in the inter-war period which E.

Mary Ellen O'Connell

In this paper, we have given an overview of computational linguistic tools available to us, which can be used to produce raw material for the lexicographic description of a specialised language. The underlying idea of our method is the following: In the near future, our tools will be integrated in a web-based environment in order to make them available for textbased research, e. The researcher interested in term or phraseology candidate extraction of a certain domain would identify and upload texts to be searched, and the tools would be running on servers of e.

The researcher would select tools to be applied and receive the analysis results over the network. Large digital text samples are promising sources for text-analytical research in the social sciences.

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