Royal Spring: The Royal Tour of 1939 and the Queen Mother in Canada

Royal tours of Canada by the Canadian Royal Family

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In , the Canadian government requested that the Prince, who had become Duke of York in , be chosen as Governor General. The British government decided against this, because of the changing relationship between the United Kingdom and Canada — including Canada's growing autonomy — soon to be enacted under the Statute of Westminster. When her daughter succeeded to the throne in , Elizabeth became known as the Queen Mother. In , the Statute of Westminster granted Canada control over its own foreign policy. The Statute changed the relationship between Canada and the monarchy, creating a distinct Canadian Crown.

Canada became the political equal of the United Kingdom, sharing a common monarch. Lord Tweedsmuir, Governor General from to , extended the invitation to the royal couple to visit Canada, after a planned tour of India was cancelled in The itinerary was published in newspapers on 4 January The threat of the Second World War influenced preparations. It was as close as that.

They crossed the country twice in a blue and silver royal train that became the most recognizable symbol of the tour. Catharines and Niagara Falls. Before returning to Britain, the royal couple sailed to St. Mackenzie King welcomed the royal couple at every stop on the tour. George VI gave royal assent to nine bills and became the first Canadian monarch to directly meet his Parliament.

He and Elizabeth also dedicated the National War Memorial in Ottawa , and laid the cornerstone on the new Supreme Court of Canada building then under construction. The now-familiar royal walkabout, where members of the royal family meet and greet crowds of citizens during their tours, was spontaneously born in Ottawa in After dedicating the National War Memorial on 21 May, the royal couple, instead of returning to their motorcade immediately afterward, spent half an hour mingling with the 25, First World War veterans who were part of a crowd of at least , people.

It was a stunning gesture, especially in an age when royalty were only known as distant figureheads. The tour saw the newlywed couple visit all of Canada's regions. It was the first such tour undertaken by the Duke and Duchess since their marriage two months prior. The Princess Royal has made a number of official and private visits to Canada as she is honorary Canadian Forces colonel in chief of 6 units.

Her latest visit was a private function in St. She marked Regina's centennial. The Princess Royal made a visit to Barrie, Ontario on 22 October to commemorate the opening of park with military significance and to visit the Grey and Simcoe Foresters , for which she their current colonel-in-chief. Her arrival there in marked her first official tour outside of the United Kingdom.

The Duke of York came twice in , at one point going into the field in full combat uniform to observe tactical exercises and address the troops of the Queen's York Rangers , of which he is Colonel-in-Chief. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

List of royal tours of Canada 21st century. Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 3 October Queen's Printer for Alberta. Archived from the original on 7 October Dundurn Press published , p. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 11 November Rogers Communications July Retrieved 10 July Retrieved 30 October — via www. Archived from the original on 4 July Retrieved 14 July The Secret of the Crown: Canada's Affair with Royalty.

Prince Edward, Duke of Kent: Father of the Canadian Crown. History of Prince Edward Island. Retrieved 11 July Queen's Printer for Ontario. Retrieved 2 July Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from the original on 15 February Archived from the original on 17 February Retrieved 12 July Archived from the original on 14 June The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan.

Canadian Plains Research Centre. Retrieved 30 June Archived from the original on 9 February His Life and Reign. Retrieved 24 June Queen's Printer for Canada Retrieved 3 July Queen's Printer for British Columbia. Archived from the original on 28 February Retrieved 25 June Archived from the original on 30 September Retrieved 6 August Royal Visits to Canada".

Retrieved 18 September Queen's Printer for New Brunswick. Retrieved 9 July Test your royal skills".

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Queen Elizabeth's Tour to Canada". Canada and the End of Empire. Retrieved 24 October A rocky history risks another bump". Archived from the original on 22 April Retrieved 28 June Retrieved 8 January Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of , the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada.

During the War of , the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in , and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets.

Toronto is known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto and this refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River.

During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street.

In , as part of the War of , the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war. Provinces and territories of Canada — Canadas geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance. Several of the provinces were former British colonies, Quebec was originally a French colony, the three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon, which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America.

Together, the provinces and territories make up the worlds second-largest country by area, the powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively. In modern Canadian constitutional theory, the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions, the territories are not sovereign, but simply part of the federal realm, and have a commissioner who represents the federal government.

Notes, There are three territories in Canada, unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent sovereignty and have only those powers delegated to them by the federal government. The Hudsons Bay Company controlled large swathes of western Canada referred to as Ruperts Land and the North-Western Territory until , subsequently, the area was re-organized into the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories. The remaining Arctic islands were transferred by Britain to Canada in , saw the Yukon Territory, later renamed simply as Yukon, carved from the parts of the Northwest Territories surrounding the Klondike gold fields.

On September 1,, a portion of the Northwest Territories south of the 60th parallel north became the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. In the middle of the Great Depression in Canada with Newfoundland facing a period of economic crisis. In , it was officially renamed Newfoundland and Labrador, in , the Alaska Panhandle Dispute fixed British Columbias northwestern boundary.

This was one of two provinces in Canadian history to have its size reduced. In , Nunavut was created from the portion of the Northwest Territories. Yukon lies in the portion of The North, while Nunavut is in the east. All three territories combined are the most sparsely populated region in Canada, covering 3,, km2 in land area and they are often referred to as a single region, The North, for organisational and economic purposes.

Royal tours of Canada by the Canadian Royal Family — Originally, official tours were events predominantly for Canadians to see and possibly meet members of their Royal Family, with the associated patriotic pomp and spectacle. The couples tour in was themed Honouring the Canadian Record of Service— Past, Present, official royal tours have always been vested with civic importance, providing a regionalised country with a common thread of loyalty.

The first royal figure to be present in Canada was the future King William IV, while invitations had been regularly made since for the reigning monarch to tour Canada, it was in that George VI became the first to actually do so. Royal tours can take upwards of a year to organize, the planning is coordinated by the Canadian Secretary to the Queen. What regions are visited is decided by a rotational formula, in summer , The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge toured Canada in their first official overseas trip as a married couple.

On 21 August , he celebrated his 21st birthday on his ship in the waters off Newfoundland, the Prince Edward served as military commander at Halifax from to He travelled through St. Johns, there attending the St. At Ottawa, the Prince laid the stone of the parliament buildings. In Quebec, he stayed at the Governor Generals residence at Spencerwood, dedicated the Victoria Bridge, in Toronto, he opened Queens Park before heading on to see Niagara Falls, which were illuminated for the first time for his visit.

A year later, The Prince Alfred took five weeks to tour the provinces, Newfoundland. One of Louises other brothers, The Duke of Connaught, with his wife the Duchess, as modern modes of transportations allowed for easier travel across the oceans, more of the Royal Family came to tour the Kings northern Dominion. Amongst other duties, the Prince dedicated the Alexandra Bridge in Ottawa, the Duke and Duchess moved on to Manitoba where the former opened the new science building at the University of Manitoba, and then to Regina in the North-West Territories. After passing back through Regina, they reunited in Toronto, welcomed by the Mendelssohn Choir and it was then around southern Ontario and back Montreal again, where the Duke opened the newly rebuilt Victoria Bridge.

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He served as the tenth Prime Minister of Canada in —, —, a Liberal with 21 years and days in office, he was the longest-serving prime minister in Canadian history. Trained in law and social work, he was interested in the human condition. King acceded to the leadership of the Liberal Party in , taking the helm of a party bitterly torn apart during the First World War, he reconciled factions, unifying the Liberal Party and leading it to victory in the election. His party was out of office during the harshest days of the Great Depression in Canada, —35 and he personally handled complex relations with the Prairie Provinces, while his top aides Ernest Lapointe and Louis St.

Laurent skillfully met the demands of French Canadians. During the Second World War, he avoided the battles over conscription, patriotism. Though few major policy innovations took place during his premiership, he was able to synthesize, scholars attribute Kings long tenure as party leader to his wide range of skills that were appropriate to Canadas needs.

He understood the workings of capital and labour, keenly sensitive to the nuances of public policy, he was a workaholic with a shrewd and penetrating intelligence and a profound understanding of the complexities of Canadian society. A modernizing technocrat who regarded managerial mediation as essential to an industrial society, King worked to bring compromise and harmony to many competing and feuding elements, using politics and government action as his instrument.

He led his party for 29 years, and established Canadas international reputation as a middle power fully committed to world order, Kings biographers agree on the personal characteristics that made him distinctive. He lacked the charisma of such contemporaries as Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and he lacked a commanding presence or oratorical skill, his best writing was academic, and did not resonate with the electorate. Cold and tactless in human relations, he had allies but very few personal friends.

He never married and lacked a hostess whose charm could substitute for his chill, a survey of scholars in by Macleans magazine ranked King first among all Canadas prime ministers, ahead of Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir Wilfrid Laurier. As historian Jack Granatstein notes, the scholars expressed little admiration for King the man but offered unbounded admiration for his political skills, on the other hand, political scientist Ian Stewart in found that even Liberal activists have but a dim memory of him.

Tutors were hired to teach him more politics, science, math, English and his father was a lawyer with a struggling practice in a small city, and never enjoyed financial security. King became a lifelong practising Presbyterian with a dedication to applying Christian virtues to social issues in the style of the Social Gospel and he obtained three degrees from the University of Toronto, B. Victoria Day — Victoria Day is a federal Canadian public holiday celebrated on the last Monday preceding May 25, in honour of Queen Victorias birthday. As such, it is the Monday between the 18th to the 24th inclusive, and thus is always the penultimate Monday of May, the date is simultaneously that on which the current Canadian sovereigns official birthday is recognized.

It is sometimes considered the beginning of the summer season in Canada. The holiday has been observed in Canada since at least and it continues to be celebrated in various fashions across the country, the holiday has always been a distinctly Canadian observance. Victoria Day is a statutory holiday, as well as a holiday in six of Canadas ten provinces. It was noted that on that date in , the 35th birthday of Queen Victoria, over the ensuing decades, the official date in Canada of the reigning sovereigns birthday changed through various royal proclamations until the haphazard format was abandoned in The following year, Empire Day was renamed Commonwealth Day and in it was moved to the second Monday in March, Victoria Day celebrations were marred by tragedy twice, In , the passenger ferry Victoria overturned in the Thames River, near London, Ontario.

The event came to be known as the Victoria Day disaster, in , a group of prominent Canadian actors, authors, and politicians sent a petition to Prime Minister Stephen Harper, requesting that the holiday be renamed Victoria and First Peoples Day. Most workplaces in Canada are regulated by the provincial or territorial government, therefore, although Victoria Day is a statutory holiday for federal purposes, whether an employee is entitled to a paid day off generally depends on the province or territory of residence.

In Nunavut and New Brunswick, the date is set as a holiday to mark the reigning sovereigns official birthday.

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Several cities hold a parade on the holiday, with the most prominent being that which has taken place since in the namesake city of Victoria. Other celebrations include a fireworks show, such as that held at Ashbridges Bay Beach in the east end of Toronto. Across the country, Victoria Day serves as the marker of the end of the winter social season. Victoria Day is also a mark of the beginning of the cottage season, gardeners in Canada will similarly regard Victoria Day as the beginning of spring, as it falls at a time when one can be fairly certain that frost will not return until the next autumn.

There is also a change in fashion, lighter-coloured summer clothing was worn from Victoria Day through until Labour Day. Its Gothic revival suite of buildings is the home of the Parliament of Canada and has elements of national symbolic importance.

Parliament Hill attracts approximately 3 million visitors each year, law enforcement on parliament hill and in the parliamentary precinct is the responsibility of the Parliamentary Protective Service. After Ottawa—then called Bytown—was founded, the builders of the Rideau Canal used the hill as a location for a military base, a large fortress was planned for the site, but was never built, and by the mid 19th century the hill had lost its strategic importance.

On 7 May, the Department of Public Works issued a call for proposals for the new parliament buildings to be erected on Barrack Hill. After the entries were narrowed down to three, Governor General Sir Edmund Walker Head was approached to break the stalemate, and the winners were announced on 29 August Ground was broken on 20 December , and the first stones laid on 16 April of the following year, the construction of Parliament Hill became the largest project undertaken in North America to that date.

The site was still incomplete when three of the British North American colonies entered Confederation in , with Ottawa remaining the capital of the new country, thus, the offices of parliament spread to buildings beyond Parliament Hill even at that early date. The British military gave a nine-pound naval cannon to the British army garrison stationed in Ottawa in and it was purchased by the Canadian government in and fired on Parliament Hill for many years as the Noonday Gun.

By , the structures of Parliament Hill were finished, along with the surrounding fence, fire destroyed the Centre Block on 3 February Eleven years later, the new tower was completed and dedicated as the Peace Tower, the Queen was back on Parliament Hill on 17 April , to issue a royal proclamation of the enactment of the Constitution Act that year. In April , a Greyhound Lines bus with 11 passengers on board travelling to New York City from Montreal was hijacked by an armed man, a standoff with police ensued and lasted eight hours, though three shots were fired, there were no injuries.

A gunman, after shooting a Canadian Army soldier mounting the ceremonial guard at the National War Memorial. There, he was killed in a shootout with RCMP officers, the gunman also injured one House of Commons constable, who was shot in the foot. Trooping the Colour — Trooping the Colour is a ceremony performed by regiments of the British and Commonwealth armies.

It has been a tradition of British infantry regiments since the 17th century, on battlefields, a regiments colours, or flags, were used as rallying points. Consequently, regiments would have their ensigns slowly march with their colours between the ranks to enable soldiers to recognise their regiments colours.

Since , Trooping the Colour has also marked the birthday of the British sovereign. Jamess Park, among the audience are the Royal Family, invited guests, ticket holders and the general public.

1939 Royal Tour

After receiving a royal salute, she inspects her troops of the Household Division, each year, one of the foot-guards regiments is selected to troop its colour through the ranks of guards. Then the entire Household Division assembly conducts a march past the Queen, parading with its guns, the Kings Troop takes precedence as the mounted troops perform a walk-march and trot-past.

Returning to Buckingham Palace, the Queen watches a further march-past from outside the gates, following a gun salute by the Kings Troop in Green Park, she leads the Royal Family on to the palace balcony for a Royal Air Force flypast. A regiments colours embody its spirit and service, as well as its fallen soldiers, the loss of a colour, or the capture of an enemy colour, were respectively considered the greatest shame, or the greatest glory on a battlefield. Consequently, regimental colours are venerated by officers and soldiers of all ranks, only battalions of infantry regiments of the line carry colours, the Royal Artillerys colours, for example, are its guns.

Rifle regiments did not form a line and thus never carried colours and their battle honours are carried on their drums. The exception to this is the Honourable Artillery Company, which has both a stand of colours and guns and this was done before and after every battle. This ceremony has been retained through time and is largely ceremonial. In the United Kingdom, Trooping the Colour is also known as the Queens Birthday Parade and it has marked the official birthday of the sovereign since , and has occurred annually since Trooping the Colour allows the troops of the Household Division to pay a tribute to the sovereign with great pomp.

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