Interdit aux nomades (Documents, Actualités, Société) (French Edition)

Isabelle Ligner

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Members are divided into ordinary, sustaining and honorary members.

Planning and management of programmes and activities are implemented by the members as participation is considered a fundamental element in order to guarantee democracy and good functioning of the association. All ordinary members have the right to express their vote. The General Assembly of members is the main decision organ. The Association was created with the aim of reviving the still deeply-rooted tradition of making and playing the zampogna a chiave and the other local traditional instruments within the community all along the year and with particular regard to the religious feasts.

However, slowly the old bearers of tradition are disappearing and for such reason the members of the association together with community felt strongly the need to preserve this heritage and to transfer it to the new generations. In this direction, various initiatives have been implemented in time among which: Members of the association have competence and expertise with regard to the intangible cultural heritage as they are mainly traditional zampogna makers and players, other traditional instruments makers and players, dancers, ethnomusicologists, anthropologists, musicians and scholars, besides being all members of the various communities present in the Pollino area, including Arbresh representatives.

The President of the Association Giuseppe Salamone is member of a family considered since more than years one of the principal families trasmitting the tradition of the zampogna including construction, playing and dissemination of the instrument and its music for further detailed information please refer to the ethnomusical studies done on the famiglia Salamone in the Pollino area. Similarly the other members of the association come from families that for long time have been barriers of tradition with regard to zampogna and totarella, singing on the zampogna, dance and percussion, and other traditional musical instruments.

All members of the association have competence and expertise with regard to the intangible cultural heritage as they are mainly traditional zampogna makers and players, other traditional instruments makers and players, dancers, ethnomusicologists, anthropologists, musicians and scholars, besides being all members of the various communities present in the Pollino area, including Arbresh representatives. All members participate actively since ever to all religious and cultural events of the community, as they are part of it and also are important members of the communities of the Pollino area, as documented by the innumerable studies done by all anthropologists studying the Pollino area and the local cultural tradition.

At all religious and non feasts, the members of the association are active participants of all cultural events implemented, as they are the main bearers of the local cultural intangible heritage, inherited by their ancestors and continued by them and handed over to the young generations. It is practically impossible to present a specific timeframe, as the activities are implemented daily, since the last generations of these families, and have always included transmission and safeguarding of the tradition and cultural heritage from one generation to the other.

In this area as in many other parts of Italy, playing the zampogna, dancing, singing, is part of every day, it is done when returning home after working in the fields, or else, as a means of being together and sharing among the members of the community its cultural tradition and also a way to reconfirm the community among its members.

Since the last ten years and more, all members of the association have contributed in trasmitting to innumerable young people their knowledge both regarding the construction of zampogne, totarelle and other traditional local musical instruments and music and ways of playing these instruments, besides dancing and singing, contributing hence in safeguarding and transmitting the cultural intangible heritage of the communities of the Pollino area. The management board includes: Giuseppe Salamone bearer of tradition , Giuseppe Altieri bearer of tradition , Antonio Arvia zampogna player and teacher , Paolo Napoli various local traditional player and ethnomusicologist , Mauro Semeraro player , Domenico Miraglia bearer of tradition , Saverio Marino player and singer.

The Totarella association is formed by members that are all part of the local communities of the Pollino area, including representatives from the Arbresh communities. The entire philosophy underlaying the work implemented by the association aims at pooling together the traditional knowledge and pratice of the communities of the area through their direct involvement and participation. Particular attention is given to all the feasts of the local communities and to the participation of the members of the association with special regard to the religious feasts which are an important aggregation and identification moment for all the people living in the Pollino area.

Programmes and participation to all events of the area are established in sinergy with the local communities who strongly take part in all rituals marking the various parts of the year and try to maintain their local tradition and languages, sharing repertoires, dances, food, stories, use of herbs, etc. After the crisis of Sicilian traditional puppetry, the Association was established and in it founded, and still manages, the ethno-anthropological Museo internazionale delle marionette Antonio Pasqualino Antonio Pasqualino International Puppet Museum , which houses ab.

It aims to safeguard and revitalize puppet traditions and the related craftsmanship, as well as local practices and productions in their different territorial, artistic and traditional expressions so as to save and expand the rich immaterial heritage connected to Sicilian folk traditions and to encourage the research focusing on their relation with their original context.

This activity takes place by means of collecting; research; promotion; networking and cooperation; educational, didactic and theatrical activities, eg. Since the beginning they have undertaken important researches about local traditions and material culture collecting important testimony and recording, among others, religious festivals, puppet shows, interviews to puppeteers and traditional spectators.

Also, to safeguard the Opera dei pupi, the Association started to collect lots of items used to put on traditional shows creating the first core of the collection, which was to be exhibited at the Museo internazionale delle marionette International Puppet Museum , founded in Among the numerous activities of the Association: It encourages the intercultural dialogue by adopting an interdisciplinary approach and proposing programmes, which have always promoted an exchange between folk and cultivated theatre, art and music in relation to the field of performing arts, heritage and culture.

In its latest five editions, it involved more than artists www. This stable collaboration has allowed the organization of ab. Meetings with art and traditional music , held in various Sicilian towns and in collaboration with CIDIM Italian National Committee for Music , which included performances of local story-singers concerning some famous stories of the poetico-musical repertoire. Performed according to the traditional executive techniques and staging codes; cunti, which are serialized stories publicly related by wandering storytellers and concerning chivalric epics stemmed from the ancient French Chansons de geste; concerts of folk songs; seminars about the Opera dei pupi and Unesco masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity held in Palermo.

Since its foundation, the Association has cooperated with local puppeteers and craftsmen to help them survive the deep crisis, which since s threatened the existence of this local tradition. This stable collaboration aims to increase their activity and expectations within a constant exchange and dialogue, which are at the basis of the important research activity carried on by the founding members of the Association. In addition, in order to revive, promote and popularize it, since the opening of the Museum, the Association organized an annual review of the Opera dei pupi and during the year it still schedules Sicilian puppet shows by inviting companies from all over Sicily and involving them in other didactic activities.

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Not only does the Association mediates in the relationship between puppeteers and national and international spectators and institutions, but it also creates contacts and cooperation with craftsmen, puppeteers and artists from other countries promoting the cultural and professional exchange between Sicilian traditional artists and foreigners operating in the same field.

In fact, during the annual Festival di Morgana, the Association often invites companies from abroad, which perform or hold workshops in Palermo, and it has also promoted the production of innovative performances mixing traditional practices ex. Chinese Opera and Sicilian Opera dei pupi , or various forms of art contemporary dance, paintings and music: Finally, this exchange has helped the development of a more general comparative study of traditional theatrical practices.

The "Battuglia di Pastellessa" are ornamental wagons that are prepared to celebrate the religious feast of Saint Anthony, the Abbot, in January following a tradition that started years ago in Macerata Campania. Membership to the Association is free, without any kind of discrimination with regard to race, citizenship, sex or religious belief.

Other Associations, Committees, Institutions and Foundations, sharinq the same purposes of the Association, can apply for membership to the Association. During such event the Association coordinates about 1. During the previous days concerts, tastings and religious liturgies warm up the atmosphere. The feast consists in: The band exhibition of the "bottari" is in the morning when they are carried on 16 meter-long wagons, with their instruments consisting of vats, barrels and sickles, realized by local artisans, around the town.

After the Mass fireworks are exploded as symbol of the purification and the struggle against the evil spirit. Figurative fireworks representing a woman, a pig, a donkey, enrich the symbolism and represent the protective force from the snares of the world. Traditional games as tug of war, the sack race and the raffle, when all donations collected during the procession are auctioned, mark the closure of the festivities.

The event is organized by the Association with the sponsorship of the Municipality of Macerata Campania, the Province of Caserta, with the Campania Region, and the participation of the "Comitato per la promozione del patrimonio immateriale". Dissemination Project Sant'Antuono Web 2. With the aim of disseminating knowledge about the intangible heritage, the Association has created a net of Internet Web Official website, YouTube channel, Facebook group, etc The Association's Web community puts together more than 1.

The event was organized by the Association with the sponsorship of the Municipality of Macerata Campania. The event was organized by Association with the sponsorship of the Municipality of Macerata Campania. The event was co-organized by the "Comitato Carnevale di Montemarano" and the "Comitato per la promozione del patrimonio immateriale ICHNet " with the sponsorship of the "Istituto Centrale per la Demoetnoantropologia" of the Italian Ministry of Culture. Establishment of the Study Centre "Historia Loci" in order to fulfil safeguarding activities for the intangible cultural heritage of Macerata Campania through research, studies, and events.

Young people are invited to join in the practice of playing the various typical musical instruments used while elder people participate in the transmission of techniques and patterns of playing and singing. In order to fulfil the safeguarding activities for the intangible cultural heritage of Macerata Campania, the Association collaborates with other Associations, Committees, Institutions and Foundations, of the territory such as the "Associazione Radici" of Marcianise, the "Comitato Carnevale di Montemarano" of Montemarano, the Province of Caserta, the Municipality of Macerata Campania.

In order to strenghthen the knowledge of its local tradition and specific percussion techniques, it also collaborates with organizations from other parts of Italy including the "Comitato per la promozione del patrimonio immateriale ICHNet - Intangible Cultural Heritage Network " and the "Istituto Centrale per la Demoetnoantropologia" of the Italian Ministry of Culture. MusicaEuropa is a non-profit association operating in the fields of arts and education and implementing intenational projects to promote music as a tool for intercultural dialogue.

Since its foundation in , MusicaEuropa has been committed to developing ideas and projects in the arts in order to bring different cultures together in a social context and give young musicians the opportunity to work professionally with professionals and institutions in the public and private sectors. The key focus of the activities of MusicaEuropa are music and arts for professionally targeted musicians, but also as a formative artistic activity of fundamental importance for a better development of modern society. MusicaEuropa, in accordance with the "Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage" is engaged in the research, preservation and dissemination of the intangible cultural heritage.

This objective has been achieved over the years through a commitment in researching and protecting the ancient traditional music of the Mediterranean area from Turkey to Portugal. MusicaEuropa ia a non-profit association operating in the fields of arts and education and implementing intenational projects to promote music as a tool for intercultural dialogue.

November marked the beginning of a five-year project: This project had different themes each year: At the end of this five-year project, MusicaEuropa organised the international conference, "European cultural Associations - Today's Problems and Future Development" in December This Festival focused its 7-years activity on creating a real exchange between north and south Europe, on developing the concept of cultural integration, offering young music students important opportunities of quality training with excellent teachers and musicians and concrete possibilities of professional growth playing with the World Youth Orchestra and in chamber music ensembles.

The Festival had many different concerts and music sections the involvement of important international institutions and non-governmental organizations in Rome. The International Fetival of Young Musicians has added value to a common cultural European space and it has fostered international networking connections amongst young people and cultural institutions created international partnerships. Innovative programming of the concerts received a widespread appreciation by broad international audiences. The World Youth Orchestra gathers young students from 16 to 28 years old, coming from the best music academies, conservatories and universities of the five continents to play music together.

The activities include high level trainings, music master classes held by well known music professors and musicians, participation to international musical events, tours and concerts all over the world. All these activites foster intercultural dalogue, integration and mobility of youth, multi cultural coexistence through formal and informal education thanks to the universal language of music.

Since its foundation in , it has involved more than students from 48 countries. In particular, in MusicaEuropa created a long term project for the peace and dialogue in the Mediterranean: The project had its focus on peace in the Mediterranean area, and its activites were implemented in many Mediterranean countries such as Algeria, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Malta, Palestine, Slovenia, Tunisia and Turkey. Through formal and informal education, MusicaEuropa fosters young artists mobility and intercultural dialogue.

Another project managed by MusicaEuropa in the past years is the "Arthmos Project", a social project for underprivileged children, promoting the artistic education in primary schools with high percentage of children with fewer opportunities social obstacles, educational difficulties, economic obstacles and cultural differences.

Artisitic education and creativity aim at developing cognitive, relational and emotional capacity, as well as self-esteem and social consciousness in order to keep children away from drop-outs, lack of dialogue and cultural standardization. Theses activities has been implemented from to in the suburbs of Rome and we are now trying to implement similar projects in Palestine, together with the Palestinian Minisitries of Education and Cutlure.

The key focus of the activities of MusicaEuropa are music and arts for professionally targeted musicians, but also as a formative artistic activity of fundamental importance for a better developement of modern society. MusicaEuropa is a non-profit association operating in the fields of arts and education, safeguarding the ancient mediterranean musical heritage and implementing international projects to promote music as a tool for intercultural dialogue.

Project managed by MusicaEuropa include: In , thanks to Damiano Giuranna, Alexander Sasha Karlic and other important personalities of the musical world, MusicaEuropa started a research study and to disseminate the music repertoire of folk and traditional music of the Mediterranean basin. This Festival focused its 7-years activity on creating a real exchange between northern and southern Europe, on developing the concept of cultural integration, offering young music students important opportunities of quality training and concrete possibilities of professional growth.

The World Youth Orchestra gathers young students from 16 to 28 years, coming from the best music academies, conservatories and universities of the five continents. The activities include high-level trainings, music master classes held my well known music professors and musicians, participation to international musical events, tours and concerts all over the world.

All these activities foster intercultural dialogue, integration and mobility of youth, multi cultural coexistence through formal and informal education thanks to the universal language of music. More than students from 48 countries have played in the orchestra. In MusicaEuropa created a long term project for the peace and dialogue in the Mediterranean: Another project managed by MusicaEuropa and implemented between and in the suburbs or Rome is the "Arthmos Project", a social project for underprivileged children, promoting the artistic education in primary schools with a high percentage of children with fewer opportunities social obstacles, educational difficulties, economic obstacles and cultural differences.

Safeguarding the intangible heritage through the research on ancient traditional Mediterranean music in the Middle East, in northern Africa and in Europe, has been possible thanks to a series of contributions and influences from the professionals working with MusicaEuropa and various collaborations with leading personalities of the world of music such as Alexander Sasha Karlic, Robert R. Holzer, Nader Jalal, Issa Boulos.

Damiano Giuranna committed himself to the research of the ancient musical Mediterranean heritage following the teachings of Alexandar Sasha Karlic and Moni Ovadia. During 15 years of activities he has gathed hundreds of songs and instrumental music in Turkey, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. He has studied also the ancient Sephardic music in Spain and Greece. The execution of these compositions has been performed in many countries, giving a concrete contribution to the safeguarding and widespreading of a precious musical heritage.

The "Arthmos Project", was a social project for underprivileged children, promoting the artistic education in primary schools with high percentage of children with fewer opportunities social obstacles, educational difficulties, economic obstacles and cultural differences. MusicaEuropa in the past years has managed different projcet which had the aim to create a spirit of mutual respect and collaboration.

The "Arthmos Project", a social project for underprivileged children, promoting the artistic education and the ancient Mediterranean. Social activities like art and music stress the importance of the interpersonal relation leading to a better listening of the other and thus the developing a feeling of brotherhood. In accordance with the Art. MusicaEuropa organizes annual workshops, advanced training and high-formation courses for young musicians from all over the world. The Association has promoted and organized courses dedicated to schools of every grade in Italy and in several countries in Europe and the Middle East, focusing in particular on the ancient traditional music of the Mediterranean area with a particular attention on the influences, on the different styles, on the structure, on the performing techniquest with a deep work of research.

A particular significance has been given for these events by the participation of the community, helping to raise the awareness amongst individuals and groups of people on the wonderful musical intangible heritageof the Mediterranean basin and particularly on the ancient folk Mediterranean music. This shared by the community participation has passed knowledges and a great strenght capable of transmitting the artistic cultural heritage.

The exchange of information and experiences among young people has been an important element for these project and a fundamental value for Musica Europa, in accordance with the Paragraph N. Learning from the knowledge of the other is a way to enrich one own's cultural background and therefore a way to preserve and transmit the cultural heritage.

The purpose of the Azerbaijani Carpetmakers' Union is the safeguarding of the Azerbaijani national carpetmaking and handicrafts, their development and popularization in the world. The Union helps to learn and form the public opinion about carpet-making art, legal rug products, and it also helps the stimulating of the raising of the creative work mastery of the physical persons, popularization of quality and special signs of our national culture and handicrafts to determine various examples of carpets and also helps theirs popularization and demonstation in Azerbaijan and the world.

The NGO collaborates with local and international organizations of carpet-making art, including museums and also with legal and physical persons, as well as the state agencies. The Unity organizes different trainings and workshops, round tables and meetings, exhibitions, charitable fundraising, conferences, other cultural and other mass measures; dissiminates information about purposes and activities, publishes print materials.

The Carpetmakers' Union organises regular trainings in technique of pileless carpets at the the Museum of the Azerbaijan carpet. Communities of carpet weavers demonstrate the works at various exhibitions. So, in the national competition-festival of carpets in various zones of the country was organised. In , works of national weavers were shown in one of the Days of the Azerbaijan culture in Basel. Besides, the following national laws were adopted: In , , and , three international symposiums of the Azerbaijan carpet were organised in Azerbaijan.

In 4th symposium devoted to the anniversary of Ljatif Kerimov took place in UNESCO headquarters in Paris where the exhibition of artists works also was organised. Among large publications of carpet protection for last decade: Kerimov and Materials of 4th symposium about the Azerbaijan carpet.

Many last projects have been connected with efforts on revival of carpet art. In 14th of September, has been spent the round table and a master class "Not varying values of varying time" with the assistance of carpet — wavers, artists on carpets, collectors and businessmen, and also fans of carpet art. It has been shown a collection of clothes with use of carpet patterns of young designer Minary Kulieva, works of the master on embroidery art with use of a carpet thread of Shahla Askerova, etc.

On 17th of November, , on the day of birth of the great artist on carpets, masters, scientific Ljatif Kerimov has been opened the exhibition of professionals and masters is national-applied art "The art Bridge, the leader from the past in the future". On 18th of May, has opened the exhibition of tapestries "Tapestries: On 10th of May, has been opened the exhibition of the Union's member Mr.

In March, has been opened the exhibition of masters on national-applied art was devoted to a holiday of Novruz. Since the Carpetmakers' Union has started to carry on negotiations with similar international communities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, in Russian Federations and in Islamic Republic of Iran.

Result of negotiations was the opening of an exhibition of masters of people-applied art of Uzbekistan which has been opened together with "Fund-Forum of culture and art of Uzbekistan", Associations of Antiquaries of Uzbekistan "Meros" which will proceed in the autumn opening of an exhibition of the Azerbaijan masters in Tashkent, also opening of an exhibition of carpets on the basis of pictures of the National artist of Azerbaijan and Russia Tahir Salahov. The Carpetmakers' Union plays the main role of creating intangible cultural variety of the local communities, groups and various persons.

In this way the Union supports to enrich cultural variety, protect non-material cultural heritage especially among young generation. It carries out monitorings for the learning cause and effect in the material and technical direction, prepare the activity program in the direction of restoration of the technologies defining on the basis of getting results of the sensible and forgotten kinds of the carpet-making art. In in Guba, Khachmaz, Gusar, Shabran, Siyazan the Union carried out the survey about modern situation of the carpet-making art, in in the result of analysis of the surveys compile the plan of monitoring and in Guba unity have been organized the exhibition from the works of the carpet-makers and masters of applied art.

In there were surveys about carpet-making art in the west zone of Azerbaijan. The same problem is connect with various kinds of art embroideries. It is about the propaganda the ancient kinds and names of embroideries art among the young generation. Once in a month the Union organize the meetings with craftsmans in the various handicrafts of people-applied art and investigate their problems.

Carrying out the work among different adults , the Union learns their interests to various kinds of applied art and organize different groups. It was established to highlight the oral intangible cultural heritage from the region and to revitalize by stimulating oral storytelling, shedding knowledge of fairy tales, legends and folktales and to safeguard the narrative traditions of the Land of Legends which is three municipalities in this region of Sweden.

These three parts have all the same goal, to highlight and safeguard our oral traditions, this is being done by: At the museum but also in schools. We are holding courses for youths and adults who want to learn, and also have two university courses at the museum together with the Gotland University. Since , every year we have had a storytelling festival, which is local, national and international.

At the festival we host a Nordic youth camp for the next generation of storytellers. We are trying to highlight different kind of storytelling traditions, we highlight the romany tradition. The Land of Legends: This has been done by; road signs, maps, story cabinets at the actual place the cabinets consist of a story that the visitor can read in Swedish, English or German, a painting which is connected to the story , an app you can listen to the story in your phone instead of reading if you like geocaching, performances, activities and excursions.

Every summer we do a summer program in The Land of Legends, with performances open for the public. Storytelling is a performing art, we do plenty storytelling from stages, at theathers and festivals. Several books have been published with the old tales but also with the new stories that we have collected today. We work with different kinds of projects: The network is active in the work that is now taking place in Sweden of implementing the Convention with the Institute for Language and Folklore. Examples of groups we are working together with: Individuals — at our website everyone can download their own stories done by calling a number and telling your story At the festival we always have some telling of life narratives.

Minority groups — we have highlighted storytelling traditions belonging to groups that unfortunately have been overlooked in history, for example Romany and Sami. Together we have done many projects, and helped them at several places to highlight their legends and stories connected to places where they operate. NGO for traditional handicraft — connected to the making of handicraft are several stories and tales. We work together with the traditional handicraft association to bring forward these stories.

We co-operate around storytelling, doing performances at the museums. The municipalities give founding to our work yearly Authorities — for instants: Main objectives of the Organization: Rediscovery and promotion of the intellectual and traditional knowledge of the Igbos relating to its traditional medical knowledge and practices; 2. Protection of the masquerade and oracular prophetic practices of the Igbos, Wawa people as they extend in Nigeria, Ghana, Cote d'lvoire and Senegal; 3.

Defense and sustenance of the natural and customary practices of the indigenous African people under the context of foreign religion and globalization which exterminate the population's social and economic existence; 4. Sensitization of the intellectual class in Africa on the issues that border on African intellectual property and folklore; 5. Research and publications on African intellectual and folklore history and issues by collating end reports of conferences and workshops. Poverty reduction programs to ensure environmental and economic sustainability for the Wawas in 19boland spread through the four West African states; 7.

Designing relevant programs that will impact positively and contextualize the millennium development goals in the lives and customs of the Wawas in 19boland, especially those in tension soaked Niger delta of Nigeria. Poverty reduction programs to ensure environmental and economic sustainability for the Wawas in Igboland spread through the four West African states; 7. Designing relevant programs that will impact positively and contextualize the millennium development goals in the lives and customs of the Wawas in Igboland, especially those in tension soaked Niger delta of Nigeria.

We have embarked upon documentation and profiling of the intellectual properties and folklore of the Wawa people of West Africa with a view to seeking legislative and copyright protection of these activities, previously undocumented; 2. Publication of well researched articles and books on Wawa indigenous people that will itemize the various cultural properties and rights of the people to sensitize the world and national governments on the areas which are threatened with distinction. Organizing workshops and attending global fora of world indigenous peoples to present the perceived areas of injustice and marginalization which have threatened them with extinction and permanent dislocation in the geography of their present locations in West Africa.

Collaboration with all other individuals and organizations which promote and defend the intellectual property and folklore of indigenous people worldwide with a view to exchanging information and visits from other parts of the world; 5. Making representation to governments in the four West African countries to recognize and adopt best practices and conventions on world indigenous intellectual rights and properties.

Policy advocacy on curriculum change, legal reform and cultural promotion of the intellectual property of the Wawas and Igbos in West Africa. Founded in , the Center for Traditional Music and Dance, one of the US'premier traditional arts organizations, is dedicated to maintaing the vibrancy of the performing arts traditions of ethnic and imigrant communities through grass-roots community organizing, research-based educational programming and public performances. Since its founding in , CTMD has produced over major presentations including concerts, festivals, tours, CD and fim series, and lectures.

Materials gathered by CTMD staff, folklorists, ethnomusicologists and community cultural sepcialists are the basis for subsequent articistic presentations and educational programming. The collection includes audio and video recordings, photographic documentation and related ephemera on CTMD's presentations and programs. A monthly eNewsletter provides news, events and informatin about NY's traditional music and dance scene. While CCIs are deeply grassroots and NY-based, they produce ripples that can extend nationally and even internationally.

In the s, CTMD's project to document and present Jewish klezmer music helped spark a workd-wide revival. In the s, CTMD helped form the renowned all-women's ensemble Cherish the Ladies which ispired huge interest amongs women across North America ane even Ireland in performing Irish music previsously a male-dominated activity. En tant qu'association sans but lucratif, il poursuit un triple but scientifique: Il met sur pied des expositions en lien avec ses collections.

La mission du Centre touche les volets de la recherche, de la conservation et de la formation, de la diffusion et de la mise en valeur du patrimoine vivant. Pourquoi et comment sauvegarder et promouvoir les chants et traditions maritimes?

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CHDA is an international Non-Governmental Organization NGO dedicated to the reservation, management and promotion of cultural heritage in Africa through a programme of training and development support services. However, from it increased her activities to encompass the conservation of both movable, immovable and intangible heritage assets. CHDA is mandated to Organize, co-ordinate and develop viable projects and activities for heritage and museum development in Africa, such as the post-graduate diploma course in the care and management of heritage and museum collections in sub-Saharan Africa, in collaboration with the University of Nairobi and University College London, and the Africa program.

In many programs, CHDA invites expert resource persons and also teaching assistants, who use the opportunity to understudy the expert trainer on their way to becoming expert trainers in their own right. These professionals, many of who went on and acquired further qualifications, became part of the CHDA network of heritage professionals, a pool of experts that CHDA draws on for its professional training needs, as resource persons, facilitators and program coordinators in case of need. It is important to note that the network has experts in most of the different aspects of heritage management, including tangible, intangible, movable and immovable heritage.

They also have loyalty and commitment to CHDA, having come through it in the development of their professional careers. A few of the programs CHDA has undertaken in the past and which had a direct bearing on intangible heritage management included: Endangered Heritage Assets Program EHAP This program was undertaken by CHDA in successfully sought to identify, document and disseminate the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of the Mijikenda people of the Kenyan coast, especially those that are threatened with extinction.

The three-year en-compass project The project began in October and is on-going. It brought together participants from China, England, Guyana, and Kenya with the remit for Anglophone Africa The program looked at issues related to the dangers and challenges faced in the protection of intangible and tangible cultural heritage in all participating countries.

The program activities also included a workshop to scope and audit key tangible and intangible heritage resources, including cultural expressions, products and services in each partner country. These in-country workshops provided a focus and momentum for long-term on-going scoping and auditing activities post training. However, the information and material gathered through the scoping exercise was also fed onto a database, used to create the online and published catalogues- this process is still on-going. The project also intends to create an inventory of cultural heritage resources Tangible and Intangible , including those at risk in the short-term from the scoping exercise undertaken in each of the three partner countries.

The catalogue of cultural heritage assets both tangible and intangible collected will be researched and used to design and develop a travelling exhibition that will go around all the participating countries. This course had a whole unit dedicated to "Indigenous knowledge systems and community involvement", which is basically training in intangible heritage of communities.

Africa Courses CHDA hosted the 3-month Africa courses for , , , , and One of the issues Africa program addressed was the issue of insufficient human resources and capacity for management, conservation, and maintenance of immovable heritage properties on the continent, using traditional methods and materials.

This means that traditional methods, knowledge and skills, which are basically intangible heritage assets, were being mainstreamed in the program, in a participatory approach involving local communities in the conservation planning and management processes. For example, the field projects aimed to establish self-confidence within the local custodians and to enhance their recognition as efficient professionals.

The project also worked to integrate traditional techniques in conservation of monuments resulting not only in monuments that are responsive to local environments, but also to the sustenance and promotion of traditional skills - the intangible heritage within the local communities. The aims of the course was to produce professionals who can record Intangible Heritage appropriately and to enable trainees effectively apply methodologies, standards, and equipment for recording Intangible Heritage.

The main course objective was to enable participants to record Intangible Heritage using digital and video cameras in line with laid down standards and procedures as provided in the course. These are just a few of the courses that CHDA has implemented. For this matter, community participation has always been incorporated into the programs CHDA offers its participants - either by making it part of the teaching learning content or by inviting community members as participants in training programs to exchange issues with professionals, learn from and teach them and to create networks for future exchange.

In the last training that CHDA held in Zimbabwe on Risk Preparedness for Heritage properties between 6th and 18th May for example, two community members were invited as participants to help build an understanding among professionals on the traditional approaches to risk management of the Great Zimbabwe, as well as to help us understand the community needs and expectations from the professionals in their professional work of management and conservation.

Dispone de una revista cientifica propia: Dentro de las actividades del Centro que abarcan campos muy diversos: Si vous voulez plus d'information vous pouvez consulter notre site web: The Centre for Sport Culture CSC, formerly Vlaamse Volkssport Centrale - a non profit organisation - was established for the study, promotion and safeguarding of traditional sports and games.

The roots of the CSC lie in an extensive research programme Katholieke Universtiteit Leuven on the history and the current situation of traditional games in Flanders the Dutch speaking part of Belgium , started by prof. R Renson in The unexpected richness and variety of traditional games lead to the foundation of the CSC in order to promote this endangered sporting heritage and to get people acquainted again with the traditional games.

The mission of the CSC states that the CSC must be a centre of expertise in safeguarding the intangible heritage of the traditional and modern movement culture in vivo and in situ via identification, documentation, research, protection, handing down, revitalizing … on a national and international level. Gradually the CSC broadened its scope to a European and even a worldwide scale. On a European level the CSC carried out a lot of demonstrations of traditional games abroad and invited traditional games practitioners from many countries to Belgium for demonstrations and exchanges.

The activities worldwide concern mainly research, publications, the gathering of documentation and exchange of information. From onwards, the CSC committed itself, together with Sportmuseum Vlaanderen Sports Museum Flanders to realise the Sportimonium-project, a museum about the sports history of Flanders in its national and international context. Especially as traditional games are concerned, both the tangible artefacts and intangible loan service, games park —see further aspect of the sporting heritage is taken into account.

The Centre for Sport Culture CSC has launched a variety of initiatives for safeguarding the tangible and intangible heritage of traditional games and sports: Research - In collaboration with the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, the CSC carries out research on traditional games inventory, evolution, organisational structure,..

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For enquiries the centre calls upon the traditional sports federations for collaboration. Documentation centre and library open to the general public - ca. This collection has been handed over to the Sportimonium in In this museum one of the sections is entirely dedicated to traditional games worldwide.

Therefore the visitors can get acquainted with the skills of a variety of traditional games which are still practised locally in Flanders. As the future teachers and sport administrators they are invited to the Sportimonium in order to sensitize them and to get them acquainted with traditional games. Counselling and support - supporting festivals organized by the traditional games players - helping clubs, federation and their individual members in research matters - counselling associations or federations for candidatures for the Belgian list of elements of intangible heritage - participation in governmental assessment committees cultural matters - collaboration with Unesco project on traditional games , platform for traditional games worldwide The staff of the CSC has almost 30 years experience in safeguarding traditional games.

The staff members 3 have university degrees and have followed in the course of years many courses related to the safeguarding of intangible heritage. The CSC is in close contact with other organisations in the country taking care of popular culture in order to exchange experience. The same goes for engagement in the international network of the European Association for Traditional Sports and Games, of which the CSC has been among the pioneers. Due to these constant contacts, on the one hand with the practitioners of traditional games and at the other hand with professionals working in the fields of culture, sport and tourism the personnel of the CSC has acquainted its competences.

The CSC has established over the years good contacts with many practitioners and their clubs and federations. The CSC has been instrumental in helping the clubs to get in contact with each other and to found if appropriate federations of their own. This resulted in in the foundation of a confederation for traditional games Vlaamse Traditionele Sporten vzw, VlaS with the CSC as one of the founding members. This confederation grew steadily from to The CSC is member of the board of directors of VlaS and vice versa, firstly in order to be well informed about each other activities and initiatives, secondly to collaborate where appropriate.

While constructing the traditional games park, there has been close cooperation with practitioners in testing and adapting the facilities in full respect with the games while using — if possible - modern materials. One of the CSC objectives is to make the bearers of the intangible heritage, i. This must lead to an enhanced self-consciousness towards heritage in order to hand it down and to defend it.

Important for the CSC remains, furthermore, exchange and collaboration with other organisations experienced in the domain of popular culture and in safeguarding intangible heritage. L'objectif de la Section nationale tcheque du CIOFF est de developper une activite de coordination concernant les questions de conception, de conseil et d'organisation, mais egalement pour mettre en oeuvre les missions et les objectifs fondamentaux du CIOFF.

Son but est de promouvoir, d'elargir et de maintenir la forme traditionnelle de la culture populaire immaterielle, notamment des activites artistiques, des coutumes et traditions. Grace a un perfectionnement systematique des methodes, elle oeuvre pour I'amelioration de la qualite artistique et logistique des festivals de folklore internationaux et d'autres manifestations consacrees a la presentation du patrimoine immateriel en Republique tcheque et a I'etranger.

Elle cherche egalement a soutenir I'echange de connaissances et d'experiences entre les organisations, associations et individus au niveau national et international en contribuant ainsi au maintien d'une partie du patrimoine immateriel. L'adhesion a la section est ouverte a tous les organismes, organisations, institutions, associations, festivals de folklore, personnes et professionnels actifs dans Ie domaine de la culture traditionnelle et populaire en RT et embrassant ies objectifs fondamentaux du CIOFF, ou a ceux qui manifestent I'interet pour la culture traditionnelle et populaire de fayon constante et efficace.

La qualite de membre est obtenue par selection i'entree d'un nouveau membre est conditionne par I'accord de tous les organes de la section nationale et peut etre ordinaire, associee et honorifique. Sont membres de la section: Les membres associes peuvent etre des organismes, organisations, institutions, associations generales ou folkloriques, festivals folkloriques ne beneficiant pas du statu! CIOFF, formations folkloriques, professionnels individuels et experts dans Ie domaine de la culture traditionnelle et populaire qui demandent aadherer selon les conditions orevues dans les statuts.

La qualite de membre honorifique peut etre accordee aux personnes identifiees et aux professionnels ayant des merites specifiques quant au maintien et la sauvegarde et du developpement de la culture populaire traditionnelle, sur proposition d'un membre ordinaire ou associe de la section. C'est l'Assemblee generale qui prend la decision. La Iiste de tous les membres tcheques du CIOFF festivals, institutions, ensembles, associations et individus figure a I'annexe au point 8. La section a ete fondee pres I'lnstitut de la culture populaire aStraznice qui est I'organisateur d'un Festival folklorique international de renom.

Son secretariat continue a etre base pres de cet Institut. A I'heure actuelle, elle parlicipe a la preparation d'autres nominations sur la Liste representative du patrimoine culturel immateriel de I'humanite Vesnicke masopustni obchuzky a masky: Tours et masques de carnaval aHlinecko et Jizda kralu: Elle collabore a la mise en oeuvre du projet Depositaire de la tradition de I'arlisanat populaire. Elle constitue Ie defi ethique et professionnel permanent quant au niveau de la presentation de la culture traditionnelle immaterielle lors des festivals de folklore en procedant aleur evaluation et en choisissant avec attention ses membres ordinaires et associes.

Through its activities the organization aims for the following main objectives: The enumerated in point 5 objectives of the organization are realized by: All our work is related with different folklore ensembles, choreographers, musicologists and people who make efforts to revive Bulgarian traditions and folklore which nowadays are put aside. At the National reviews our jury of specialists meets more than collectives, evaluates their qualities and their art.

The Section communicates with those groups as to organize participation for them in different Festivals and Folklore events all over the world. We assist concerts and presentations of those ensembles. For better communication with all those collectives from different parts in Bulgaria the section collaborates with 24 choreographers who are responsible for particular regions of the country.

Meetings with those coordinators are organized frequently and any needed and important information is given to them. More than choreographers from the country take part in the annually organized seminars of the choreographers in Bulgaria. At those events are discussed different problems related with the folklore and its popularization. In many of our activities we co-operate with the Ministry of Culture, with the Union of the cultural clubs in Bulgaria, and with different organizations working in the cultural domain. During the organization of the Festivals in Sofia and Veliko Tarnovo we co-operate with a lot of people who have experience in the folklore sphere in order to choose groups of a great quality fot the Festivals and to present them our traditions in best way.

Le mouvement des jeunes: En se basant sur les principes de: La culture traditionnelle un moyen de Communication M. Tsenka Ivanova and Dr. Svetlozar Vlaykov - Intern. Svetlozar Vlaykov — Intern. Les festivals invitent et font la promotion des peuples minoritaires et autochtones. Revitalisation des jeux traditionnels: Ce soutien a pris plusieurs formes selon les pays: Le CQPV dispense de plus des formations professionnelles relatives aux arts traditionnels.

Des cahiers de stage sont ensuite produits pour les participants. Parmi eux, on retrouve notamment: Assistance technique aux Administrations. Promotion et diffusion des informations relatives au Patrimoine Gastronomique traditionnel, y compris site web en construction. The primary objective of CRIA is to promote the advancement of Portuguese anthropology and its internationalization through the development of theoretical and applied research projects, the promotion of events encouraging scientific debate and the diffusion of research congresses, seminars and conferences , the edition of scientific publications promoting the national and international diffusion of research project results , the organization of courses and connected activities of postgraduate teaching level, the encouragement of international network-based collaboration in research projects or groups, as well as in other international collaborations that promote scientific diffusion, the establishment and reinforcement of cooperative relationships with similar institutions, both national and international, the reception of undergraduate students, graduate students and PhDs, helping with their integration in the scientific community.

Although safeguarding intangible cultural heritage is not CRIA's primary objective, a majority of its researchers working mostly, but not only, within two thematic lines: Practices, Politics, Displays" and "Power, Knowledge, Mediations" deal directly or indirectly with this issue. They explore it from a theoretical and analytical standpoint, and they resort to it as a framework for applied research and for intervention on the field. Their ethnographic activity provides the empirical basis and the cultural knowledge that are necessary for an objective assessment of the relevance, interest, urgency, viability and sustainability of safeguarding initiatives.

Theoretical and reflexive examinations of the notion of ICH, thus contributing to its conceptual understanding and elucidation. The organization of conferences and public lectures which allow for the diffusion of this knowledge to society in general and particularly to cultural agents and mediators. Maria Cardeira da Silva, Consuiting activities requested by organizations and institutions dedicated to the survey, study and promotion of ICH. The establishment of co-operation protocols and the joint organization of initiatives with the nationallnstitute for Museums and Preservation IMC: What do Anthropologists do?

The direct involvement of researchers and academies with local, national and international institutions developing projects aiming at the safeguard of Portuguese ICH, both in national territory and in different parts of the world: People may be discriminated against because of their age, disability, ethnicity, origin, political belief, race, religion, sex or gender, sexual orientation, language, culture and on many other grounds.

Discrimination, which is often the result of prejudices people hold, makes people powerless, impedes them from becoming active citizens, restricts them from developing their skills and, in many situations, from accessing work, health services, education or accommodation. Discrimination has direct consequences on those people and groups being discriminated against, but it has also indirect and deep consequences on society as a whole. A society where discrimination is allowed or tolerated is a society where people are deprived from freely exercising their full potential for themselves and for society.

This section describes different faces of discrimination, the way it affects human rights, as well as the measures and initiatives that are underway or should be introduced to counter intolerance and discrimination and to contribute to a culture of peace and human rights. Some of the most pervasive forms of discrimination, such as discrimination based on disability, gender or religion, are also presented in more detail in other sections of this chapter. The principles of equality and non-discrimination are laid down in the UDHR: This concept of equality in dignity and rights is embedded in contemporary democracy, so states are obliged to protect various minorities and vulnerable groups from unequal treatment.

Article 2 enshrines freedom from discrimination: This article only gives protection from discrimination in relation to the enjoyment of the other rights set forth in the convention.

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Protocol 12 to the ECHR was drawn up to provide a stronger, free-standing right to equality and a general prohibition of discrimination: Discrimination may be practised in a direct or indirect way. Direct discrimination is characterised by the intent to discriminate against a person or a group, for example when an employment office rejects Roma job applicants or a housing company does not lend flats to immigrants. Indirect discrimination occurs when an apparently neutral provision, criterion or practice de facto puts representatives of a particular group at a disadvantage compared with others.

Examples may range from a minimum height criterion for fire-fighters which may exclude many more female than male applicants to the department store which does not hire people who cover their heads. These rules, apparently neutral in their language, may in fact disproportionately disadvantage members of certain social groups. Both direct and indirect discrimination are forbidden under the human rights instruments; Indirect discrimination is often more pervasive and difficult to prove than direct discrimination.

Have you ever felt discriminated against? The key element in structural discrimination is not the intent but the effect of keeping minority groups in a subordinate position. Structural discrimination is based on the very way in which our society is organised. The system itself disadvantages certain groups of people. Structural discrimination works through norms, routines, patterns of attitudes and behaviour that create obstacles in achieving real equality or equal opportunities.

Structural discrimination often manifests itself as institutional bias, mechanisms that consistently err in favour of one group and discriminate against another or others. These are cases when the resulting discrimination is clearly not rooted in an individual's conviction regarding a person or a group of people, but in institutional structures, be they legal, organisational, and so on.

The challenge of structural discrimination is to make it visible, as we often grow up with it being self-evident and unquestioned. The existence of structural discrimination leaves states with the challenge of adopting policies that look not only at the legal framework but at other incentives as well, taking into account patterns of behaviour and how different institutions operate.

Human rights education may be one of the responses to this problem. Structural inequality is a state which arises when certain groups enjoy unequal status in relation to other groups, as a result of unequal relations in their roles, functions, rights and opportunities. The fight against dis-crimination should step out of the courts and into the sphere of education and politics. In some cases a preferential or positive treatment of people belonging to certain groups may be applied as an attempt to alleviate or redress the harms caused by structural discriminations.

Affirmative action, sometimes called "positive discrimination", may not only be allowed but even welcomed in order to counter inequality. For example, economic differences between rural and urban areas may lead to a different level of access to services. This may result in inequality unless special efforts are taken to counterbalance the effects of the original economic imbalance. In such cases the preferential treatment is necessary to secure effective equality rather than causing inequality.

The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination stipulates that affirmative action programmes may be required of countries that have ratified the convention, in order to rectify systematic discrimination. Such measures, however, "shall in no case entail as a consequence the maintenance of unequal or separate rights for different racial groups after the objectives for which they were taken have been achieved".

Each one of us belongs to or identifies with several social groups. When dealing with any particular disadvantaged social group, it is important to be aware of the internal heterogeneity of the group and the potential for multiple grounds of discrimination. These multiple identifications not only mean more possibilities of discrimination, but can also come from several directions: In most cases multiple discrimination occurs to so-called visible minorities, women and people with disabilities.

Discrimination is usually exerted by majorities upon minorities, even though discrimination from minorities also exists. Being in the majority is a static or a dynamic situation, depending on many factors. When we are on the winning side in a democratic election, we are in the majority as a result of our convictions, a decision, or, for example, the outcome of a vote.

If our convictions change, or the party we support loses the next election, our majority status is no longer valid. Democracies are vulnerable to the "tyranny of majority": The human rights framework not only protects citizens from the oppression of an individual or a small group of individuals, but is also a means of protection for minorities against the majority.

Can you think of someone who may never experience discrimination? A stereotype is a generalised belief or opinion about a particular group of people, for example, that entrepreneurs are ambitious, public servants are humourless, or that women have long hair and wear skirts. The main function of stereotypes is to simplify reality. Stereotypes are usually based either on some kind of personal experience or on impressions that we have acquired during early childhood socialisation from adults surrounding us at home, in school or through mass media, which then become generalised to take in all the people who could possibly be linked.

A prejudice is a judgment, usually negative, we make about another person or other people without really knowing them. Just like stereotypes, prejudices are learned as part of our socialisation process. One difference between a stereotype and a prejudice is that when enough information is available about an individual or a particular situation, we do away with our stereotypes. Prejudice rather works like a screen through which we perceive any given piece of reality: Prejudices are, therefore, very difficult to overcome; if contradicted by facts, we'd rather deny the facts than question the prejudice "but he's not a real Christian"; "she is an exception".

Discrimination and intolerance are often based on or justified by prejudice and stereotyping of people and social groups, consciously or unconsciously; they are an expression of prejudice in practice. Structural discrimination is the result of perpetuated forms of prejudice. The Oxford English Dictionary defines xenophobia as "a morbid fear of foreigners or foreign countries".

In other words, it means an irrational aversion to strangers or foreigners; it is irrational because it is not necessarily based on any direct concrete experiences of threat posed by foreigners. Xenophobia is a prejudice related to the false notion that people from other countries, groups, cultures, or speaking other languages are a threat.

Xenophobia is closely related to racism: Xenophobia is one of the most common forms of and grounds for discrimination and it is for this that it is a challenge to human rights. Who are the targets of xenophobia in your society? Prejudice squints when it looks, and lies when it talks. Some prejudices may transform into ideologies and feed hatred. One such ideology is racism. Racism involves discriminatory or abusive behaviour towards people because of their imagined "inferiority". There has been wide-spread belief that there are human races within the human species, distinguishable on the basis of physical differences.

Scientific research shows, however, that "human populations are not unambiguous, clearly demarcated, biologically distinct groups" 4 , and that race is an imagined entity or social construct. All humans belong to the same species and, therefore, it makes no sense to talk of "races". The impact of racist ideologies has been devastating to humanity; it has justified slavery, colonialism, apartheid, forced sterilisations and annihilations of peoples.

It has been the basis of the Nazi ideologies and of the programmes to exterminate Jews and other "inferior peoples". Unfortunately, racism continues to be present in contemporary European societies and politics. Although race is no longer accepted as a biological category and only few people believe now in "superior races" with an inherent right to exercise power over those considered "inferior", the impact of racism lingers on and takes on different forms, such as cultural racism or ethnocentrism, the belief that some cultures, usually their own, are superior or that other cultures, traditions, customs and histories are incompatible with theirs.

International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 21 March commemorates the Sharpeville massacre in , when the police opened fire and killed 69 people at a peaceful demonstration against the apartheid laws in Sharpeville, South Africa. UNITED for Intercultural Action, a European network against nationalism, racism, fascism and in support of migrants and refugees, co-ordinates a European-wide action week around this date to promote tolerance and equal rights, and to celebrate diversity in Europe.

Discrimination, xenophobia and racism are widespread in many parts of the world: In the USA, race is a key factor in de-termining who is sentenced to death. Hospitals in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary have practised involuntary sterilisation of Roma women into the 21st century. The widespread practices of deportation and unequal treatment of migrants, as well as the structural discrimination against certain ethnic minorities such as Roma by many governments, nourishes xenophobia and latent racist feelings.

Hate-motivated crimes that are supported by racist ideology are regularly in the news in many of the Council of Europe member states. Can you point out any recent cases of racist violence in your country? Antisemitism can be defined as "hostility towards Jews as a religious or minority group often accompanied by social, economic, and political discrimination" 9.

Antisemitism has been widespread in European history up to the present. By the end of the 19th century, Jewish communities in Russia had regularly became victims of pogroms, which were organised systematic discriminatory acts of violence against Jewish communities by the local population, often with the passive consent or active participation of law enforcement, encouraged by the antisemitic policies of governments. Attacks on Jewish communities were also common in other European countries, including among others France and Austria. This is true for Fascist regimes and parties that collaborated directly or indirectly with the German Nazi regime during the Holocaust, but it had also an influence in other societies and systems that were influenced by racist ideologies.

During the Holocaust, perpetrated by Nazi Germany and its allies in the Second World War, known also as the Shoah a Hebrew word meaning desolation , an estimated 6 million Jews were systematically exterminated for no other reason than that they were Jews. With the success of the Bolshevik Revolution, pogroms ceased in the Soviet Union but antisemitism continued in different forms, including forced displacements, confiscation of property and show trials. Under communist regimes, antisemitism was often also disguised under official "anti-Zionist" policies.

Racism has gained a new respect as a commonsense solution to pressing political problems. Of course we don't call it racism. We call it anti-terrorism or immigration policy.

Today, antisemitism remains widespread in Europe, even if in some cases it is harder for the public to identify or to admit. In recent years, Jewish cemeteries have been desecrated, Jews are regular targets of hate speech and they are sometimes physically attacked. Research regularly indicates ongoing high levels of antisemitism among mainstream European societies, accompanied by sporadic rises.

As the European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance ECRI pointed out, it is an alarming trend in Europe, that despite all efforts antisemitism "continues to be promoted, openly or in a coded manner, by certain political parties and leaders, including not only extremist parties, but also certain mainstream parties" 10 , and in many cases there is tolerance or even acceptance of these agendas by certain segments of the population.

What happened to Jewish people in your country during the Second World War? Young people working against antisemitism Movement against Intolerance Spain High School students repainted parts of Picasso's "Guernica" and reassembled them on a big wall in a public action to show that the fatal realities of the past are present here and now. During this process the symbols used in the painting and its relation to the Holocaust and the "Kristallnacht Pogrom" were explained to the audience. Holocaust Centre and Foundation Russia: International contests "Holocaust lessons — a way to Tolerance" Since this centre has run memorial programmes and international educational activities about tolerance and the Holocaust, including an annual contest for students and teachers from Russia, other European and CIS countries, Israel and the USA.

In their update on antisemitism in the EU, the Agency noted that "most Member States do not have official or even unofficial data and statistics on antisemitic incidents". The Agency has recognised the importance of Holocaust education as a means of addressing antisemitism, and over the years has initiated and participated in several joint projects in this area. The name Roma or Romani is a collective title for a very diverse ethnic group of people who self-identify as members of various sub-groups based for example on current or past geographical location, dialect, and occupation.

There are approximately 10 million Roma in Europe. A few groups live as travellers with no permanent home, but the majority is now living under sedentary conditions: Roma are present in virtually all European countries. Antigypsyism can be defined as a specific form of racism, an ideology of racial superiority, a form of dehumanisation and of institutionalised rac-ism applied against Roma people.

Discrimination against Roma is deep rooted and a common reality all over Europe. As the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights pointed out, there are alarming trends throughout Europe, strongly resembling Nazi ideology and reasoning in relation to Roma, such as fears for safety and public health.

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Rhetoric criminalising the whole Roma population is also very common throughout the member states. In many countries, Roma have been victims of violent racist groups in Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Romania, and so on , resulting in murders. Roma were caught in the crossfire of the armed conflicts in former Yugoslavia; Roma neighbourhoods and villages are often segregated and isolated. They are denied many basic rights such as education or health, or have limited access to them.

What is the estimated proportion of Roma in the population of your country? Deportations of Romanian and Bulgarian Roma in In , the French government announced a crackdown on illegal camps of Roma who had recently migrated to France, and sent several thousand of their inhabitants back to Romania and Bulgaria, claiming that Roma settlements are major sources of crime and a public nuisance.

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