Universe: Is Teleportation Possible?

Teleportation! In space!

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Finally, you cannot take a long time to construct the body at the destination since the early parts you construct will die while you are finishing the construction of the later parts. It is safe to say that this method of teleportation is for all practical purposes impossible. Wormholes Wormholes are not really teleportation, they are really a way of travelling faster than the speed of light.

So in that sense, it is better than teleportation, but is it possible? Well, first of all, according to general relativity, a wormhole is very unstable and will quickly collapse. The only known way to keep a wormhole open is to use a hypothetical form of matter that has negative energy density. Of course, we have never found or created any kind of matter that has a negative energy density and we have no theory that would predict how to construct the matter with the negative energy density that would be required.

Even if we could construct an object with negative energy density, that does not allow the construction of a wormhole, it would only enable us to stabilize an existing wormhole and prevent it from collapsing. We have no known way to create wormholes in the first place. If we could somehow create a wormhole and prop it open wide enough to use it, the energy requirements would be astronomical. It would likely take more energy than the sun produces to create such a wormhole for even a few seconds. Even if we had a stabilized wormhole, the curvature of space-time in the interior of the wormhole would be very extreme and would certainly spaghettified any object trying to transverse the wormhole in the same way that black holes and their singularities tidally disrupt objects.

Finally, wormholes allow time travel which violates causality and there are good physics arguments that would say that causality violations are not permitted in our universe. Therefore there may be some fundamental physical principle that makes wormholes impossible.

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The replication of inert data patterns exists today and can be transmitted and printed in 2D and 3D formats. The salient point is that I can fax, email or print a document in 2D or 3D, and the original document or pattern is unchanged. The paper or material at the receiving end is a replica, not a transported version of the original object. If a hypothetical 3D printer had a cartridge of the organic material comprising a pig, and you had a file with the correct pattern, then you could print bacon. But once you did, you would still have the original file. Asimov, Heinlein, Clark and others far smarter than I have addressed this topic in ways that have captivated me for decades.

The transmission of a copy of organic matter will be within our technical reach in the near future. This is exciting, because it demonstrates the feasibility of easy cheap , high-fidelity, long-distance quantum entanglement, which is the key to all quantum communication. Micius is the first shaky pillar of a global-scale quantum infrastructure. Entanglement is basically a combination of correlation and superposition.

The difference between a bit and a qubit is that a bit is either 1 or 0 while a qubit is simultaneously 1 and 0. There are a lot of different forms that a qubit can take just like there are many forms a bit can take: There are two possible polarization states, which is perfect for encoding two possibilities, 0 and 1 and incidentally perfect for making 3D movies; one movie for each polarization and each eye.

The polarization of light can point in any direction perpendicular to the direction of travel , so we can use it to describe not just 0 or 1 but a combination of both. A photon can be in a superposition of both horizontal and vertical polarization. When measured they are always found to be in one state or the other 0 or 1 , but there are a lot of clever things we can do with qubits before doing that measurement.

The spooky thing about entangled particles is that, as long as you measure them the same way, their random results will be correlated. For the simplest kind of entangled state , , the results are the same.

If two photons are in the shared state and you find that one of them is vertically polarized, then the other will also be vertically polarized. Random, but the same as each other. Unfortunately, practically any interaction with either particle breaks the entanglement and leaves you with just a pair of regular, unrelated particles. This discussion on entanglement goes into a bit more detail. Once two widely separated parties share a pair of entangled particles, they can start doing some rather remarkable things.

One of those is the ability to send qubits from one particle to its entangled twin: Some relative properties of A and B are measured and the results are sent to whomever has the other entangled particle. Based on that information, the other entangled particle is manipulated. Qubits quantum states in general are as delicate as delicate can be.

So teleportation needs to be able to measure the to-be-sent qubit, A, without actually determining anything about it, which is tricky. The way to get around that is to do a measurement that compares A and B, without measuring either of them directly. The same idea applies in quantum teleportation. The central idea behind entanglement is that if B and C are entangled, then they react to measurements in the same way. Knowing that, you can figure out what needs to be done to C to make it have the same state as A. And all without actually learning what that state is.

Even if C is, hypothetically, on the far side of China, you can just tell whoever has it what the results of the test were. For qubits you need to send two bits, because of how terrifyingly complex quantum mechanics is.

Your Answer

Not a lot of physicists are too surprised that ground-to-space quantum teleportation works nobody builds and launches spacecraft on a hunch. Teleportation is easy to do with equipment on opposite sides of a room. Quantum states are delicate, so we need to be able to catch, manipulate, and accurately measure the states of individual photons with minimal interference.

Over a large enough distance, even clean air is effectively opaque. The present through-air record for this same procedure is km, between a couple of Canary Islands. So teleportation straight up should be easier than teleportation between ground stations. Generally speaking, the big problem with conveying intact quantum information is all the stuff in the way, so space is kind of an obvious solution.

The problem with space is the distances involved; the farther something is away, the smaller the target. Establishing entanglement between two locations comes down to creating a pair of entangled particles in one location and then sending one of the pair to the other location. Even with a noisy channel, with lots of photons lost and the states of many of the others perturbed by their journey, a reliable quantum channel is still possible. We can distill quantum entanglement , turning many weakly entangled pairs into fewer strongly entangled pairs.

You can think of this like repeating a digital message to get it across a noisy channel; it takes more time to send the signal, but the result is a message clearer than any of the individual attempts.

Once an entanglement has been established between two parties, a quantum state can be teleported between the two, including a state entangled with something else. Quantum information technology is still in its infancy. Where we are now is analogous to the age of telegraphs and Morse code.

Teleportation: will it ever be a possibility?

Despite that massive shortcoming, there are some killer apps that are likely to drive this technology forward. Skirting the details , quantum encryption boils down to:. No quantum computation involved! The defining characteristic of maximally entangled pairs is that measurements on the pair are perfectly correlated and fundamentally random. For you cypherpunks out there, quantum cryptography is a method of creating a shared random secret that is perfectly robust to man-in-the-middle attacks or at least detects such attempts.

You and someone else create a random number that only the two of you can possibly know, which allows you to then encrypt any message and send it by email for example with security guaranteed by physical laws.

Shockingly, this is of interest to lots of space-capable governments, so Micius is unlikely to be the last quantum communication satellite. Nothing actually makes the journey from one quantum system to the other.

Is Teleportation Hypothetically Possible In The Universe?

The laser picture is from here , the telegraph picture is from here , and the spy picture is by Tomer Hanuka. Teleportation is misleading hype. It gave the impression we had explained why matter dominates over matter in the universe.

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