STORIES OF THE EAST FROM HERODOTUS (ILLUSTRATED)
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Herodotus - Greek historian
Contact Us The stories of the east from herodotus illustrated edition will submit Supported to new research ankle. Greg Woolf , professor of ancient history at the University of St Andrews, warns against taking the notion of a happy ancient multiculturalism too far.
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The ancient Greeks, he says, "were in the business of creating an autonomous civilisation. There were cultural conflicts, and separateness, and limits to transferability. We don't have a Greek version of Gilgamesh, or Babylonian versions of Homer". Woolf talks in terms of deliberate moments of hybridisation — such as the creation of the cult of Isis in Egypt after Alexander the Great's conquest. That was, he argues, an official fusing of Greek, Egyptian and Macedonian elements as a practical and locally contingent act though the cult later spread widely through the Roman world, even as far as York.
Let's say the implications of the view are political, rather than the motivations behind it.
So what are these implications? Barbara Graziosi , professor of classics at Durham University, says: And it means working more closely with colleagues in places such as Egypt and Iraq — something that is of course made more difficult by political dichotomies.
About Herodotus (from wikipedia):
As Haubold argues in his new book Greece and Mesopotamia: Dialogues in Literature , it is an approach that can beckon towards the "cultivation of multilingualism, polyglossia, the arts of cultural mediation, deep intercultural understanding, and genuinely global consciousness. It can develop these things both as scholarly endeavours and as new forms of citizenship in a globalised world". Graziosi offers a resonant event from her life: She recalls European and American colleagues' shock that Cairo even had a classics department; in fact, it was established in To her surprise, she found a cadre of eager, revolutionary students hungry to engage with classics and to find a way of thinking about Egypt's classical past it was drawn into Alexander the Great's empire and then became part of the Roman empire that might help them develop ideas about their present.
Graziosi also points out the diffusion of classical texts into the medieval Islamic world.
For this deed the state of Samos granted them this honor, that their names should be written on a pillar, and that the pillar should be set up in the market-place of Samos. As Tim Whitmarsh , professor of ancient literatures at the University of Oxford says: Also the men of Lesbos, when they saw what their neighbors did, left also their place in the line; and indeed the greater part of the Ionians followed in the same way. Get to Know Us. Amazon Giveaway allows you to run promotional giveaways in order to create buzz, reward your audience, and attract new followers and customers.
With the emphasis on Greece and Rome as "the foundation of western civilisation", it is easy to forget how important the classical world has been in the east, she argues: Indeed, argues Whitmarsh, the Roman empire was "the facilitating grid that produced Islam, in dialogue with Persia". Woolf talks too of Latin translations of the Qu'ran circulating in 12th-century Europe. In this story of interconnectedness and hybridity, rather than isolation and exceptionalism, there lie enormous intellectual and humanist opportunities, Whitmarsh says. There are three million Muslims in Britain, many of them learning an ancient language already.
There's no reason why, in 50 years' time, undergraduate courses shouldn't be packed with people studying Arabic and Greek culture side by side. Of course, this already exists in a limited way, but it's not a cultural phenomenon at the moment and these worlds mostly exist entirely separately, but it seems to me there's nothing natural in that.
How does this new approach to the classical world manifest itself?
For a start, it means looking at already familiar texts with fresh eyes. Take, for example, approaches to Herodotus , the "father of history" who provided The Histories , the great account of the causes and events of the Persian wars of the s BC. A decade or so ago, a postcolonial approach to his work might have looked at the way he wrote about non-Greeks — Egyptians, Persians, Scythians and others — and concluded that his responses to the "other" tell us more about his own projections than what his, say, Persian characters actually thought or did.
Recent scholarship, though, might emphasise Herodotus's own culturally hybrid origins in Asia Minor: It's not inherently implausible that he had a much more informed sense of the world than we have previously given him credit for. It comes down to networks.
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If you see Herodotus as occupying a single point from which Greek culture is 'beamed out', that's a less interesting way of thinking of him than as a kind of nodal point between multiple different traditions and cultures. Herodotus's The Histories is a predominantly Greek-voiced text, but that doesn't mean that we should quieten all the other voices that can be detected within it.
Into this story of cultural cross-currents also falls the study of the Greek-language novel — a Roman-empire era prose fiction genre originating in Asia Minor and revived in medieval Byzantium in Persia.
The Story of the Persian War from Herodotus, Illustrated by Alfred J. Church
Iambilichus , author of the fragmentary work Babylonian Affairs, was writing in his second language, after that of Syriac , and he may have known Akkadian too. Another culturally hybrid work is the Alexander Romance, a story that recasts the Macedonian conqueror as secretly Egyptian, so the story of his annexation of Egypt becomes one not of conquest but of the return of pharaonic rule.
Whitmarsh says the story reflects a Demotic Egyptian literary forebear. And it tells the story of Alexander the Great in Egyptian-friendly terms.
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The interesting thing about this text is that, other than the Bible, it's the biggest seller in antiquity — it goes into 26 languages in antiquity alone, and eventually into [the ancient Iranian language of] Pahlavi , French, Armenian, Bulgarian, Old English.
The other corollary of this approach is, Graziosi says, to "learn other languages — which is of course hard work, but often the only way". Whitmarsh's ventures into Semitic languages have enabled him to read works by, for example, Bardaisan , the second-century AD scholar who inhabited the fringes of the Roman empire and whose works fuse Hellenic, Babylonian and Christian influences.
