Pediatric Bone: Biology & Diseases
Contents:
There is some evidence for potential benefit in patients with CF and antiresorptive agents may be recommended if there is prolonged glucocorticoid use, fracture history, or low BMD after transplant. Finally, there is concern that these agents may have limited benefit in patients with T1DM, because there may already be a significant lack of bone resorption. Overall, prevention, early recognition, and treatment are required to help minimize adverse outcomes of poor bone health in chronic illness.
Children with chronic disease are at risk early on for poor bone health, particularly in the conditions discussed previously. Alterations in bone remodeling as influenced by specific complications of each disorder result in decreased bone quality and strength and possible increased fracture risk. Future research in this area is needed to further identify modifiable risk factors and treatment options to allow for optimization of bone mineral accrual and decrease lifelong incidence of fracture. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U.
The second edition of this classic reference deals exclusively with the biology and diseases of bone as they affect children. Rapid advances have been made in. Pediatric Bone is the first book to be published to deal exclusively with the biology and diseases of bone as they affect children. Rapid advances have been .
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. Author manuscript; available in PMC Jan Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. See other articles in PMC that cite the published article.
Table 1 Pediatric disorders associated with bone disease. Open in a separate window. Chronic illness is associated with impaired bone health due to decreased bone mineral accrual and increased resorption. Common pediatrics disorders, including celiac disease CD , type 1 diabetes mellitus T1DM , and cystic fibrosis CF , have associated low bone mineral density BMD and significant fracture risk in adolescence and adulthood. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry DXA when adjusted for body size, is the preferred imaging modality in pediatrics to assess risk of bone fragility; however, fractures have been observed in absence of low mineralization.
Treatment strategies for poor bone health include optimizing nutrition and vitamin intake, increased weight-bearing exercise, and treating the underlying disorder to prevent further bone impairment.
OVERVIEW OF BONE HEALTH
Footnotes The author has nothing to disclose. Vitamin D in childhood and adolescence: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry interpretation and reporting in children and adolescents: Osteoporosis in children and adolescents. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in children: Muscle torque relative to cross-sectional area and the functional muscle-bone unit in children and adolescents with chronic disease. J Bone Miner Res. Glucocorticoid-associated osteoporosis in chronic inflammatory diseases: Pamidronate treatment of pediatric fracture patients on chronic steroid therapy.
Fracture prediction and the definition of osteoporosis in children and adolescents: European cystic fibrosis bone mineralisation guidelines. Bone health in children and adolescents with chronic diseases that may affect the skeleton: Compromised bone microarchitecture and estimated bone strength in young adults with cystic fibrosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Diagnosis and treatment of endocrine comorbidities in patients with cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. Factors associated with low bone mineral density in patients with cystic fibrosis.
J Bone Miner Metab. Trends in bone mineral density in young adults with cystic fibrosis over a 15 year period.
Guide to bone health and disease in cystic fibrosis. Evaluation of factors related to bone disease in Polish children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
INTRODUCTION
A randomized controlled trial of vitamin D replacement strategies in pediatric CF patients. Cystic fibrosis-related bone disease explored using a four step algorithm. An update on the screening, diagnosis, management, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in individuals with cystic fibrosis: Bone quantitative ultrasound and bone mineral density in children with celiac disease.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. A prospective, longitudinal study of the long-term effect of treatment on bone density in children with celiac disease. Lack of clinical predictors for low mineral density in children with celiac disease. Evaluation and management of skeletal health in celiac disease: Celiac disease in children: Rev Endocr Metab Disord. Growth trajectories and bone mineral density in anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody-positive children: Bone mineral content deficits of the spine and whole body in children at time of diagnosis with celiac disease.
Reduced bone mineral density is associated with celiac disease autoimmunity in children with type 1 diabetes. Guidelines for osteoporosis in coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease.
Complications of unrecognized or untreated CD include anemia, poor growth and delayed puberty. Sign up to receive offers and updates: Support Center Support Center. Printing in English language. We're sorry - this copy is no longer available.
Is fracture risk increased in patients with coeliac disease? Bone health in type 1 diabetes: Deficits in trabecular bone microarchitecture in young women with type 1 diabetes. J Back Musculoskeletal Rehabil. Type 1 diabetes and osteoporosis: Osteocalcin, adipokines and their associations with glucose metabolism in type 1 diabetes.
Update on Bone Health in Pediatric Chronic Disease
Starup-Linde J, Vestergaard P. Body composition and bone mineral density in long-standing type 1 diabetes. Nonenzymatic glycation and degree of mineralization are higher in bone from fracture patients with type 1 diabetes. Mechanism and evaluation of bone fragility in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes and risk of fracture: The book is aimed to provide those clinicians interested in children's diseases and basic scientists with a comprehensive resource covering the various aspects of bone health and disease in children.
Deals exclusively with bone development and diseases of children and each chapter is written by an expert in the field Fully referenced providing an appendix of usually difficult to find information on the investigation of pediatric bone disease and reference values Covers both the physiology of bone and mineral homeostasis in children and diseases in one book.
Chapter 2 Bone Matrix and Mineralization. Chapter 3 Prenatal Bone Development. Chapter 6 Parathyroid Hormone and Calcium Homeostasis.
9780122865510 - Pediatric Bone Biology & Diseases by Glorieux F
Chapter 7 Phosphate Homeostasis Regulatory Mechanisms. Chapter 8 Vitamin D Biology. Chapter 18 The Spectrum of Pediatric Osteoporosis. Chapter 19 Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Chapter 20 Sclerosing Bone Dysplasias.
Chapter 21 Parathyroid Disorders. Chapter 22 Fibrous Dysplasia. Chapter 23 Nutritional Rickets.