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In Violence, gender and justice pp. Wykes, Maggie and Kirsty Welsh. Have you created a personal profile? Login or create a profile above so that you can save clips, playlists, and searches. Please log in from an authenticated institution or log into your member profile to access the email feature.
Chapter 2 uses media sources to discuss some of the most dramatic criminal cases of the later twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, including: Simpson and the McCann case.
In a series of experiments, researchers found that people who were given a heated therapeutic pad, a hot cup of tea or who were in a warm room were better at creative drawing, categorizing objects and thinking of gift ideas for others. If the initial reports are true, perhaps, in time, how he died will not obscure how he lived. Would you like us to keep your Bookworld order history? He played the MC that causes 'Rabbit' Eminem to choke in the first battle-rap scene of the film. Proof was about to introduce me and he looked at me for a while and said, "What's your name? At Proof's funeral, Trice echoed a theme that ran throughout the proceedings - that violence in Detroit, and every black community in America is needlessly ending lives. Women accused of killing Kim Jong-nam pushed in wheelchairs for Malaysia airport crime scene tour as trial takes physical toll.
It begins by considering the salience of the media for criminology, for gender and for justice. The reasons behind the high profile of some cases are discussed, alongside an assessment of the role of the mass media in setting an agenda for criminology, politics and the law. The implications of such representations are evaluated, not least because the way they are represented demonstrates how powerfully influential Lombrosian and Freudian theories of crime and deviance remain within popular CQ Press Your definitive resource for politics, policy and people.
Back Institutional Login Please choose from an option shown below. Need help logging in? Fed up with human trafficking, Hong Kong migrant workers hold vigil demanding justice. Her dream was to build a house in her native village and live there with her family, but Aisyah had never been skilled in business. But unlike a lot of other girls, she would never choose her man.
Less than seven hours later after they met at the Beach Club Cafe, when John picked up Aisyah, she was dressed in tight jeans and a red turtleneck sweater, which exposed her hourglass midriff. Smiling, she revealed braces on her teeth. She looked younger than her years. James could not speak Bahasa Indonesia or Bahasa Malaysia, and so they communicated in choppy English, occasionally resorting to Google Translate for support.
James explained that he was producing a hidden-camera comedy show, which would be shown on YouTube in China and Japan. Kim Jong-nam murder suspect thought she was part of a TV prank, police say. While in the mall, James directed Aisyah to rub a baby oil-like substance on the face of a seemingly unsuspecting Vietnamese woman while his smartphone recorded the action.
Nothing seemed strange because everything was handled so publicly, and James insisted that Aisyah apologise after slathering her target. Later that morning, they hit another mall, and Aisyah was paid again. When James suggested they make a video at the airport the following day, she happily agreed — she was, after all, earning more in minutes than she usually made in a day. And besides, a friend would later tell me, she had always dreamed of being an actress. The only peculiarity that John ever noticed about James was that every time he called, his phone number had changed.
Perhaps, B speculated, she did not want to cut John in on the money. But actually, for the next four days, Aisyah was completing two hits a day with James — it was training, she thought, to become a star. Aisyah was born in , in Ranca Sumur, a rural hamlet km to the west of Jakarta. She usually arrived 10 to 20 minutes early for services at the terracotta-tiled mosque because her father often sang the call to prayer.
Then Asria would balance 20kg sacks of the spices at each end of a bamboo slat laid across his shoulders and flip-flop through country markets hawking his wares. Aisyah might never have looked beyond the paddies surrounding her home if Jakarta, the Indonesian capital, had not been exploding into a modern metropolis of 30 million inhabitants. Many villagers viewed city life as irreligious and dangerous, but not Aisyah. Her vision of a glamorous and cosmopolitan city was shaped by what she glimpsed on TV.
When Aisyah was 14, a relative arranged work for her at a small sweatshop in Jakarta, and her world shrank to three pasteboard-walled rooms stuffed with sewing machines and mountains of cloth. The steam from an industrial iron she wielded to package each dress turned her unventilated corner into a hellish sauna.
The bosses were known for keeping the door locked, so she rarely escaped. Perhaps a kilometre away, at a multi-storey mall, rich Jakartans sipped Starbucks coffee. The two married when Aisyah was 16; a baby boy was born soon afterwards. By , the sweatshop was struggling, and Gunawan sought his fortune in Malaysia, where he waited on tables and Aisyah worked as a shopgirl. For Aisyah, Kuala Lumpur must have seemed like a bizarre version of Jakarta, sharing a language and culture, but being much wealthier and run on the backs of migrants.
Indonesian NGO Migrant Care calculates that about , of its countrymen and women make a similar journey legally each year, and that , do so illegally. In , the young couple divorced acrimoniously after her husband accused Aisyah of infidelity, and she returned briefly to Ranca Sumur with their son. Aisyah now had to earn money to help support her family, and life in the small village may not have suited her as well as it had during her childhood.
At first, she decorated her wall with awkward selfies, which showed her trying on different clothing styles, including veils. Gradually, however, the religious vestments were replaced by lacy black garments. Instead of posting about how Allah had helped her endure heartbreak, Aisyah humble-bragged about meeting girlfriends at trendy coffee shops. She grew thinner and began wearing striking make-up. By the time she returned to Kuala Lumpur in early , she was posting pictures in which she fixed the viewer with come-hither stares.
At first, Aisyah was employed at a spa beneath the misleadingly named and down-market Hotel Grand Continental in Indonesia. In July, when I descended its urine-smelling stairwell to dungeon-like rooms, I was promptly offered prostitutes. After just a few months, Aisyah moved to Hotel Flamingo, where she received a slightly improved salary. Eventually, she acclimated to her new profession, and she casually complained to B about single-customer days.
By early , despite the happy-go-lucky facade she presented on Facebook, she was despairing of her life, and B said that Aisyah may have started taking meth to gin herself up to work. On her occasional trips home, she bought fried meatballs from street vendors for neighbourhood children and took her parents on holidays, but she could not bear to tell them the truth about the origins of her money. Every 30 days, when her tourist visa expired, she exited Malaysia, but always returned to Kuala Lumpur on a new one.
The city had become her home. After James enticed Aisyah with his too-good-to-be-true offer of salvation, they toured the luxury hotels and malls of Kuala Lumpur for five days from January 5, smearing oil and hot sauce on Chinese-looking men. Each prank was rewarded with another windfall. When a friend video-called Aisyah on her birthday and joked that she would soon outshine a famous Malaysian actress, Aisyah agreed, laughing and jauntily flipping her hair.
James had even suggested she might spoof people in America. Chang led Aisyah through three practice sessions at the airport. Kim Jong-nam assassination trial: Aisyah said she passed the end of the month back in Ranca Sumur, with her family. She was there when Chang called, ordering her to return to Kuala Lumpur. Before flying out of Jakarta, Aisyah visited her son a final time. But the next day, Chang cancelled that plan — their ultimate target was already in Malaysia.
Two days later, Aisyah practised again at the airport. It was her 25th birthday, and when they were finished, Chang bought her a taxi ticket home. He told her that the next prank would be in a few days, on February After her friends sing Happy Birthday, she blows out a lone candle on a cupcake-sized confection. Then they clubbed into the small hours.
By 8am, Aisyah was drinking coffee with Chang in a faux-colonial airport cafe offering an excellent view of the terminal. Soon, Chang led her behind a pillar near the AirAsia check-in kiosks. There, he told her that another woman would also participate in the prank and that she should leave after the second woman struck.
When Kim Jong-nam strolled into the terminal, Chang identified him to Aisyah by noting his grey blazer and dark backpack. Then, her lawyer says, he told her to look away and hold out her hand, likely while unwrapping something from a white plastic bag he had taken from his own backpack.
She noticed it smelled like machine oil, whereas previous liquids had been odourless. As Kim Jong-nam approached, Chang ducked away and Aisyah advanced on her target. Her first few strides were measured, but by the time she neared the bathrooms, she was running. There, as instructed, she washed her hands. Then she went shopping at a middle-class mall. By the afternoon, she was back at work at the spa, eagerly awaiting the next spoof, which would inch her closer to the life she dreamed of.
Weeks passed before Aisyah came to understand that North Korea had stage-managed every detail of her recruitment and the assassination of Kim Jong-nam. He had met John, the taxi driver, while taking his cab, and then asked for his help in finding girls. According to B, John had first brought a Filipina to Ri, but she had demanded too much money. From that moment on, Aisyah had been steered by men who had been patiently preparing for their deadly task, carefully amassing assets across Asia. Huong had also visited Cambodia two days earlier, escorted by a North Korean agent with years of experience in Vietnam.
Women accused of killing Kim Jong-nam pushed in wheelchairs for Malaysia airport crime scene tour as trial takes physical toll. They had a group on his aeroplane. As soon as he arrived at the airport in Kuala Lumpur, another group followed him. They kept that surveillance up while he slept. Experts have suggested that VX2 was employed instead. This complicated method of poisoning Kim Jong-nam would have had advantages. First, the toxin would have been safe until activated. Even then, VX2 is not very volatile compared with other chemical weapons, making it less likely to affect bystanders or first responders.
If VX2 was employed, it is unlikely Aisyah would have been affected because — striking first — she never would have been exposed to the second reactant. Gooi dismissed reports that Aisyah vomited while taking a taxi from the airport. And Huong may not have absorbed enough to make her ill, with only a minimal amount of toxin on the thick skin of her palms that was quickly washed off. A third agent monitored the attack from the coffee shop. And as Aisyah and Huong fled after poisoning Kim Jong-nam, a fourth operative, later identified as the high-level spy likely responsible for the success of the mission, brushed past them and may have exchanged signals confirming the stunt had been successfully pulled off.
A fifth North Korean, pulling a wheeled case, eavesdropped as Kim Jong-nam spoke his last words at the information desk, complaining of pain and trying to explain the attack. As the dying man stumbled towards the medical clinic, the agent followed, one hand casually plugging his pocket. Through the glass walls of the waiting room, he watched as their target slumped into unconsciousness. He maintained his post as the victim was rushed to an ambulance.
Finally, he had the privacy to die. Meanwhile, when Hong exited the bathroom, the black backpack and white plastic bag he had carried during the attack had vanished. He had also changed his clothes — only his shoes remained the same. With the four other agents, he cleared immigration. A high-level staff member from the DPRK embassy saw them off on flights pre-scheduled to depart immediately after the assassination.
They took a circuitous flight path, circumventing countries that might have grounded their planes should the murder have been discovered while they were in transit. Because she did not follow the news, she had no idea that anyone had died at the airport, according to her lawyer. For Aisyah, it had just been another prank. The third time, she accused us of being part of the prank. The fourth time, we showed her a newspaper proving Kim Jong-nam had died. When she saw it, she started to cry. At the end of July last year, Aisyah was led into court, a policewoman gripping each of her arms and a bulletproof vest turtled over her traditional Malaysian dress.
Through her lawyer, she has consistently claimed she was tricked and has pleaded not guilty. After the judge announced that the trial would start in October, she wept. When confronted with pictures of Hong, she recalled that a man she had smeared in a hotel — two weeks before formally meeting her new puppeteer — bore an uncanny resemblance to the Korean. We loved her more than our own lives. Malaysian police had founded their prosecution on the meticulous planning of the attack.
However, both defence teams have claimed that the North Koreans told their clients to wash off the liquid without informing them what it was. Based on my research, the only hint that Aisyah knew the identity of the North Koreans was that before the murder she told a friend that she was going to become a star in Pyongyang, and later repeated this to a senior Indonesian diplomat, though both clarified she still believed she was participating in a comedy.