The Promised Land: Hacienda Luisita--An i-Team Special Report

Will Hacienda Luisita farmers finally get their land?

---

Well, if I recall right, Cesar Virata had to scurry away from Sto. Domingo Church after conveying to her the sympathy and prayers of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos for the death of her husband.

He feared being torn limb from limb. The sympathy and prayers of the one who caused you grief are never welcome. The life of Ninoy is not more important than the lives of the 14 workers who died in the blaze of gunfire from goons in the uniforms of cops and soldiers last Tuesday. Other than in oligarchic reckoning, which deems the lives of serfs as nothing compared to that of the lord of the manor. What, the corpses of 14 workers strewn over a dusty road in Hacienda Luisita are not a sign something is broke? Again, maybe it's true leftists goaded the workers to strike.

And hunger has no address. But the 14 corpses lying on the ground point to something broke that's even bigger than that Hacienda Luisita hasn't been land-reformed. That is, that the foundations of democracy in this country are crumbling. No, more than that, that is, that the moral foundations of this country are crashing. Power has made people forget what it means to lose a loved one to tyranny.

Ninoy Aquino might have been talking of today when he said: Carry on the Fight for Our Right to Education! For four rounds of voting through secret balloting, a stalemate persisted; six votes went to former Finance Secretary Edgardo Espiritu, six votes to UP Diliman Chancellor Emerlinda Roman. The BOR decided to hold another meeting on 22 November with the hope of breaking the tie. For the meantime, UP has yet to elect a new president. The criteria I used for voting was formed through consultations with the iskolars ng bayan and other sectors of the UP Community.

In the end, I voted for Chancellor Roman. In the past, we iskolars ng bayan have either united with or struggled against her on particular issues. We have united with her most notably in fighting for greater state subsidy for UP and education and against US wars of aggression. What clinched my vote, however, were reliable information from different quarters that President Macapagal-Arroyo is hell-bent on intervening in the selection of the next UP President in order to impose someone who will be rabid in defending and implementing her policies for UP and education, and in supporting her national policies and stands.

The government is beset with a fiscal crisis it plans to solve by, among other measures, reducing the budget for UP, education and social services. Large-scale commercialization measures are in the offing for UP: The violent dispersal of striking farmers in Hacienda Luisita comes to mind: With the fiscal crisis, the government is desperate to quell dissent, uphold the interests of a few and attack the democratic interests of the youth and people.

One way for the government to do that in UP is to install a puppet president whose loyalty and service will not go to the UP Community but to Pres. The BOR meeting held yesterday merely validated the correctness of this analysis. He did not attend any of the public fora held in the UP campuses. On June , he will be 70 years old, past the age limit for a UP president set by the University Code. He proposes to further commercialize UP and reduce student admission. He or she is a clear and present danger to the UP Community that must be opposed.

History teaches us a lesson. The last time there was an impasse in the selection of a UP President was in the late s. Because of this, UP had an acting president from to The deadlock was ended after the students launched a strike and defiantly absented themselves from classes.

But our weapons of vigilance, unity and collective action can be decisive. Our fight is correct and just. It is based on our democratic rights and interests. I therefore call on the iskolars ng bayan: It is our militant and collective action that can tilt the balance in the BOR. Let us oppose the proposed P Let us also push for the democratization of structures of governance in the University.

We will remain vigilant with every actions and policies of the UP President. I call on fellow iskolars ng bayan to join the mobilization at the Quezon Hall on 22 November, so we can assert our call directly to the BOR. Most important of all, let us walk-out of our classes and join the mobilization on 23 November to oppose the proposed P History is in our hands.

I trust that the iskolars ng bayan will not default in acting to change it for the better. Mabuhay ang mga iskolar ng bayan! University of the Philippines: The First 75 Years To the relatives of those killed among the Hacienda Luisita strikers and theirsupporters, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's statement calling for "prudenceand sobriety on both sides" and for "settling the dispute in a peaceful andrationale manner" must be causing more agitation than calming their outrage atthe violent dispersal that left seven people confirmed dead, 43 wounded andscores arrested.

Even as party-list representatives from Anakpawis and Bayan Muna, Rafael Marianoand Satur Ocampo, called for a thorough investigation of the violent enforcementby the PNP and AFP of a questionable return-to-work order issued by DoLE, it isclear the victims were the workers, their families and supporters and that theemployment of superior and inordinate force lay squarely on the side of government. It is appalling how the management and owners of Hacienda Luisita, Inc. Tomas, not only allowed this carnage to happen, but apparently colluded intrying to break the day strike by employing the state's Armed Forces.

Contrary to the claims of HLI through its spokesperson, Atty. Satur Ocampo and other progressive party list congressmen, with the consent and cooperation of the two labor unions, had been shuttling to and from the hacienda to try to find peaceful avenues to address the issues raised by thefarm and sugar mill workers. Ocampo had been in touch with Secretary Sto. Tomas, apprising her of the situation wherein any assault on the strikers would invariably result ininnumerable deaths and injuries to even family members who had been helping their kin take turns at the picket lines, cooking food and providing all-out support.

He appealed to her for government to show maximum restraint and assist in mediating the conflict rather than insisting on breaking up the strike and protest rally at the hacienda gates and calling out the police and military to do it. Hours before Tuesday's assault, Ocampo had brought representatives of the strikers to dialogue with Peping Cojuangco.

The latter even refused to meet withtwo ULWU representatives, claiming that a new set of officers had taken over theretrenched union officials. The management continues to obfuscate the fact thatwhat triggered the strike of the farm workers in the first place was thedismissal of almost all of the new ULWU officials, along with other workers,thus effectively undermining a new collective bargaining agreement beingnegotiated by ULWU with management.

The dialogue ended in an impasse when Cojuangco insisted on both unions liftingtheir strike before any negotiations on their demands could be restarted and theworkers refusing to do so until they had assurances that management would facetheir demands. Soon after, all hell broke loose when soldiers and police commenced with theirbrutal attack using three armed personnel carriers, high-powered rifles, teargas, water cannons and truncheons.

Thus, there should be no whitewash of this condemnable use of the armed might ofthe state to crush an unarmed workers' strike and a protest rally of their supporters. Any decent and upright person, once the facts and circumstances arebrought to light, would join in the just demand for an impartial andthoroughgoing investigation to find out the truth behind the bloody dispersal aswell as the historical roots of the festering social conflict in Hacienda Luisita.

The propensity of the spokespersons of the management and owners of HLI as well as that of Malacanang, DoLE, the PNP and AFP, to utilize the smokescreen of innuendoes against the Left, specifically Bayan, Bayan Muna and other militant organizations, should be exposed for what it is -- a blatant attempt to cover uptheir culpability in this massacre of defenseless people carried out to crush their fierce struggles for decent wages and better living conditions. Instead of recognizing the miserable plight, if not legitimate grievances, of farm workers, some of whom had pay envelopes showing a take-home pay of P9.

Moreover, these "outsiders" were supposedly agitating with issues plucked out of thin air. According to HLI spokesperson Mendoza, these pertained to "rehashed issues" likethe stock distribution option or what the family of Cory Aquino used to goaround land distribution mandated by law and demanded by generations of theirfarm worker employees and other "non-labor" issues which were not specified,but by imputation had to do with political demands of the Left.

To criticism that Ocampo, Mariano and other progressive party-list representatives were partial to the strikers, their unabashed reply is "Yes, we are, because they are our constituents" and because, we may add, this is only being consistent with their genuine leftist politics which takes the interests and views of the deprived and oppressed masses as their own. Having said this does not mean Ocampo et al. Any attempt by government and HLI to still use squid tactics to obscure theworkers legitimate demands and red-baiting to muddle the real issues will fail in the light of their bloodied hands.

The country's external debt as of September stood at P1. By January, , total outstanding debts of the government already exceeded P3 trillion. Arroyo has borrowed the most among all Philippine presidents. The majority of the borrowing is from the United States. From to she borrowed more money in 3 years than Presidents Ramos and Estrada did for eight years, to Foreign credit analysts have started downgrading the Philippines as an investment destination.

The purchasing power of the peso has steadily declined and is at its worst in , from 1.

To Hacienda Luisita and back: The forlorn journey of the Lumad sacadas

The Philippines slid from 77th to 85th place among countries in the world where people live under extreme poverty. Nationwide, a P minimum wage increase is needed to begin to get Filipino workers out of poverty. Some , peasants and fisher folks lost their livelihood within just one year, from April last year to April this year. In , the top 10 percent income bracket earned 19 times greater than the income of the bottom10 percent of the population. Today in the top 10 percent income bracket earns 24 times greater than the bottom 10 percent.

Her policies have proved to widen the income gap, inequalities and disparities, and further marginalize the poor and underprivileged. Many of these killings are allegedly under the auspices of the Armed Forcesof the Philippines, of which she is Commander-in-Chief. The elections were the bloodiest elections in the history of the Philippines since the Marcos dictatorship. The killings of 14 human rights workers, those persons who investigate human rights abuses, are unprecedented under the Arroyo administration.

Known alleged perpetrators, such as Col. Attacks on Filipino journalists have reached crisis proportion, a substantial number under the Arroyo administration. Since , 54 journalists have been murdered. The journalists who are targeted are those who are exposing corruption in the government and those exposing scams and scandals by the Philippine landlords and wealthiest families. The first casualty of democracy is the truth. Her track record and attention to matters of human rights violations is one of the worst since Marcos. In May of , Amnesty International, released a report that practically condemned the Arroyo administration for the increasing number of violations in The number of human rights violation HRV cases nationwide between January and May was 2, cases, representing , individual victims, 16, families and 70 communities.

Most common human rights violations are harassment i. Contractualization and job lay-offs under Arroyo are widespread, increasing up to 85 percent nationwide in , since The practice of hiring workers on contractual basis has deprived workers of their right to job security, benefits, right to organization and grievance. For example, magnate Henry Sy, who owns ShoeMart, employs 20, contractual employees in 15 malls nationwide, and only around 4, of his workers are regular employees. Contracts last for 3 to 5 months.

After 16 years, CARP has had inconsequential impact on the peasant population. CARP is notorious for its loopholes which have allowed large landlords to re-cover, retain or be exempted from land re-distribution to peasant farmers such as the Aquino family in Tarlac or the Cojuanco family's monopoly of land for coconut production.

Indigenous groups are decrying 7 years of the IPRA Law and the violations of indigenous peoples rights under the Arroyo administration.

Douglas MacArthur

The Mangyans of the Bigkis at Lakas ng mga Katutubo sa Timog Katagalugan said foreign-owned development projects like mining and mega-dams violate their rights and place the ills of liberalization on the lands of indigenous peoples. They said the IPRA empowers the state to control and supervise exploration, development and utilization of natural resources, it disempowers the indigenous peoples from using the resources in their ancestral lands. They said the government titling and certification of ancestral land is a violation of their rights.

Arroyo has allowed the education budget to be slashed, impoverishing Filipino children and youth.

Book review

According to the Wallace Report, there are 1. Education spending has dropped from Based on the Wallace Report last June, of who enter primary school, only seven shall be able to finish college. She introduced 8 new tax measures which focus on raising indirect taxes from the pockets of the poor, while corruption is rampant in her administration. As austerity measures, Arroyo introduced new taxes by: Meanwhile, the purchasing power of the peso is falling, which means that the money left over for Filipinos after taxes buys less than before.

Also,corruption cases such as that of General Garcia of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the prolonged justice against deposed "President" Estrada go without just resolution. Water remains unaffordable and inaccessible after she privatized public water. Furthermore, only 57 percent of the population covered by the newly privatized company, Maynilad, have hour water service.

Privatization has increased foreign-ownership of Philippine water by multi-billions of dollars of investment, which has the impact of placing public water issues in the hands of foreign owners. Her policies on deregulation of the oil industry failed to bring down oil prices and instead increased oil prices to unprecedented levels. Arroyo ignored consumer groups and other cause-oriented organizations who called for the long-standing nationalization of the oil industry as the alternative to deregulation.

The increase in oil prices makes the prices of basic commodities, such as transportation fares, gas for cooking, and other products. Arroyo's further privatization of the oil industry puts oil further into the hands of oil barrons, foreign ownership and monopoly pricing, with little public accountability. Arroyo plans to sell 3. Petroeum prices have increased 7 times this year and 61 times since the oil industry was deregulated in Arroyo implemented new "unbundled power rates" and privatized the National Power Corporation of the Philippines.

Arroyo unfurled legislation featuring: Arroyo was exposed and allegedly guilty of using government funds to finance her electoral bid. Arroyo re-tooled the government's labor-export policy to support the United States' war of aggression and colonial occupation of Iraq. The policy can now be called labor-conscription which aims to recruit overseas Filipino Workers OFWs to render auxiliary services that the U.

Workers are exploited and are at great risk, not to mention the policy displaces thousands of potential Iraqi workers. She stands guilty of violating the independence and sovereignty of these countries as well as the Philippines' Constitution, which mandates a peaceful foreign policy, its own commitment to the United Nations and to international law.

On October 21, on National Peasant Day, a protest demonstration became an occasion to air the growing demand for the resignation of President GloriaArroyo. Peasant protesters held a "Street Conference" and launched a "Manila Declaration," a petition aiming to gather a million signatures for the resignation of Arroyo. The declaration assailed the anti-peasant and anti-people policies of the Arroyo administration, including agricultural trade liberalization and the absence of a genuine agrarian reform program.

Release of both benefits belied the rumor that the P1, The first batch of the Merit Incentive Bonus amounting to P5, The distribution of rice subsidy was started on Monday, November 8, and as of Friday, November 12, , only about of the 3, qualified employees have yet to received their rice deliveries. Meanwhile the first batch of the Merit Incentive Bonus amounting to 5, The release of P5, The said BOR meeting further gave authority to President Nemenzo, "to give additional merit incentive and the authority to decide when such merit incentive shall be released.

In the history of merit incentive bonus in the University, the lowest was given in the year when U. Workers Union then was not the recognized union of of the University. The Merit Incentive Bonus only goes up to P10, Francisco , SCRA The agrarian reform program is founded on the right of farmers and regular farmers who are landless, to own land directly or collectively the lands they till or, in the case of other farmworkers to receive a share of the fruits thereof.

To this end, the State shall encourage and undertake the just distribution of all agricultural lands, subject to priorities and retention limits set forth in this Act x x x. Electoral Commission , 63 Phil. Guingona , SCRA Masda Security Agency, Inc. The PARC resolution also states: Having increased x x x the number of workers contractual , the equity share of each permanent employee, as of , naturally had to be, as in fact, reduced. Further x x x, HLI took it upon itself, or usurped, the duty or mandate of DAR to qualify the recipient ARBs and imposed its own criteria and discretion in the allocation of the mandatory minimum ratio of land-to share by basing the distribution on the number of days worked.

The Company has continued to have no operations and experienced financial difficulties as a result of a strike staged by the labor union on November 6, Intermediate Appellate Court , No. Flores , 99 Phil. Baxter States Bank US These homelots do not form part of the 4, These are part of the residential land with a total area of This Resolution set in motion a series of events that led to the present controversy. Provided, however, That the children of landowners who are qualified under Section 6 of this Act shall be given preference in the distribution of the land of their parents; and: Provided, further, that actual tenant -tillers in the landholding shall not be ejected or removed therefrom.

Beneficiaries under Presidential Decree No. A basic qualification of a beneficiary shall be his willingness, aptitude and ability to cultivate and make land as productive as possible.

More like this

The DAR shall adopt a system of monitoring the record or performance of each beneficiary, so that any beneficiary guilty of negligence or misuse of the land or any support extended to him shall forfeit his right to continue as such beneficiary. If, due to landowner's retention rights or to the number of tenants, lessees, or workers on the land, there is not enough land to accommodate any or some of them, they may be granted ownership of other lands available for distribution under this Act, at the option of the beneficiaries.

Farmers already in place and those not accommodated in the distribution of privately-owned lands will be given preferential rights in the distribution of lands from the public domain. Vera , 65 Phil. Commission on Elections , G. Said rules shall take effect ten 10 days after publication in two 2 national newspapers of general circulation.

CA , Phil. Spouses Viray, Phil. Intermediate Appellate Court , G. Secretary's Certificate in favor of Teresita C. By virtue of which Teresita C. Lopa is hereby authorized and empowered to sign, execute and deliver whatever deeds, agreements and other documents as may be necessary to consummate the sale for and in behalf of the corporation, as per Doc. III; s of Not. Date of instrument - Nov. Secretary's Certificate in favor of Shintaro Murai. By virtue of which Shintaro Murai is hereby authorized to sign, execute and delivery the Deed of Absolute Sale and whatever deeds and agreements, and other documents, as may be necessary to consummate the said Deed of Absolute Sale for and in behalf of the corporation, as per Doc.

This title is hereby cancelled by virtue of the aforementioned document and for the sum of P,, T as per Doc. II; s of Not. Date of instrument - Jul 30, Date of inscription - Aug. By virtue of an order of DAR Quezon City, the herein property is hereby converted from Agricultural to Industrial and residential uses.

Date of instrument - Aug. Certificate of Registration No. SEWER - The developer is required to build a water and sewerage treatment plant for both domestic and industrial water for factories of the industrial park. Storm water shall drain into existing drainage main lines. It shall be limited to those necessary for the business carried on within the property and shall be the least obnoxious in character and design. Currency with interest thereon and subject to all other conditions specified in Doc.

multisport

Land Bank of the Philippines , G. Compensation shall take place when two persons, in their own right, are creditors and debtors of each other. In order that compensation may be proper, it is necessary: The owner of the land on which anything has been built, sown or planted in good faith, shall have the right to appropriate as his own the works, sowing or planting, after payment of the indemnity provided for in Articles and , or to oblige the one who built or planted to pay the price of the land, and the one who sowed, the proper rent.

However, the builder or planter cannot be obliged to buy the land if its value is considerably more than that of the building or trees. In such case, he shall pay reasonable rent, if the owner of the land does not choose to appropriate the building or trees after proper indemnity. The parties shall agree upon the terms of the lease and in case of disagreement, the court shall fix the terms thereof.

Necessary expenses shall be refunded to every possessor; but only the possessor in good faith may retain the thing until he has been reimbursed therefor.

Useful expenses shall be refunded only to the possessor in good faith with the same right of retention, the person who has defeated him in the possession having the option of refunding the amount of the expenses or of paying the increase in value which the thing may have acquired by reason thereof. National Housing Authority , G.

Philippine National Bank , No. Maceren , 79 SCRA Majority of the cases found the doctrine applicable in considering the effects of a declaration of unconstitutionality of a statute or an administrative issuance. See the cases of Corominas, Jr. Labor Standards Commission , No. Philippine National Bank, supra note Jurado, Comments and Jurisprudence on Obligations and Contracts ed. I fully concur with the well-explained position of Chief Justice Renato Corona that the Stock Distribution Plan SDP is unconstitutional as it is inconsistent with the basic concept of agrarian reform.

Land reform entails land distribution to those who till the land. If there is no actual land distribution, there is no land reform. Indeed, the distribution of shares of stock, not land, cannot be considered as compliance with the constitutional provision on agrarian reform. Section 31 of Republic Act R. HLI , which has as its basis Section 31 of R. In fact, they can lose it. A case in point is the segregation and conversion of hectares of HLI land from agricultural to non-agricultural purposes.

When the hectares were converted, transferred, mortgaged, and sold to pay an indebtedness, the FWBs had no say about it and effectively lost a big chunk of their land. In a genuine land reform, the qualified FWBs should be given, directly or collectively, ownership of the land they till with all legal rights and entitlement, subject only to the limitations under the law, like the retention limits, expropriation and payment of just compensation.

Under a collective ownership, if they are not in control of the cooperative or association, it cannot be considered a compliance with the law. The reasons, some contained in the Terminal Report, dated September 22, , by the Special Task Force, are the following: What the majority has created by its Decision are several legal and operational aberrations that will only set back the long-term resolution of the agrarian conflicts involving Hacienda Luisita and create even more havoc in our legal system.

Instead of definitively putting the multi-angled issues to rest, the majority has only succeeded in throwing back the agrarian problem to the farmers, the original landowners and the Department of Agrarian Reform DAR. First , the majority Decision ruled in categorical language to a deny the Petition of Hacienda Luisita, Inc.

There is not a single legal twig on which the order to proceed with the voting option can hang, except the will of this Court's majority. Yet, the majority will allow them to remain in such a prejudicial arrangement if they so decide. To allow the FWBs, the disadvantaged sector sought to be uplifted through agrarian reform, to remain in an illegal arrangement simply because they choose to so remain is completely contrary to the mandatory character of social justice legislation.

Will Hacienda Luisita farmers finally get their land?

Fourth , the majority employ the doctrine of operative facts to justify the voting option, even if jurisprudence allows this doctrine to be applied only in the extreme case in which equity demands it. The doctrine of operative facts applies only to prevent a resulting injustice, if the courts were to deny legal effect to acts done in good faith, pursuant to an illegal legislation or perhaps even executive action, but prior to the judicial declaration of the nullity of the government action.

Here, there is no room for the application of the equity jurisdiction of the Court, when the CARL, in Section 31, categorically provides for direct land distribution in the event a stock distribution is not completed. Sixth, the majority ruled that the issue of constitutionality of the stock distribution option under Section 31 of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Republic Act No. Yet, the majority proceeded to discuss and even rule in favor of its constitutionality. Should there be no reversal of the above aberrant ruling allowing the FWBs to vote to remain in HLI, the only way for the ruling to not work too grave an injustice is if petitioner HLI is required to be restructured in such a way: Unless this is done, DAR should not even proceed to conduct a referendum giving the FWBs the choice to stay in a corporation of which they have no control.

I posit, as Justice Arturo D. Brion does, that FWBs be immediately empowered to dispose of the lands as they so deem fit. I disagree with the majority that those who will opt to leave the SDOA can only dispose of their lands no less than ten 10 years after the registration of the certificate of land ownership award CLOA or the emancipation patent EP and not until they have fully paid the purchase price to the Land Bank of the Philippines LBP. Whether we use Justice Brion's starting point of 11 May , or my starting point of 11 May , twenty years have lapsed and the land has been locked under agricultural use all that time, with no opportunity to exploit its value for other purposes.

We should allow the farmers the chance to ride on the crest of economic progress by giving them the chance to engage in the market, not only as entrepreneurs, as corporate or cooperative farmers, but also as lessors or even as real estate sellers.

The Court should allow the DAR to devise a mechanism that would enable direct land transfer to buyers or co-development partners, so that the lands and the farmers can truly be free. If there would again be any application of the equity jurisdiction of the court, it is here where equity can be applied, and the farmers must be allowed to take advantage of this upgraded classification.

This is the only logical conclusion from the ponencia of Justice Presbitero J. The Decision and those Opinions therefore fix the just compensation at "fair market value," at the time when the transfer transaction took place, precisely for the reason that they recognize that the purchase price is the just compensation. It is not fair to require TADECO or petitioner HLI to accept less than fair market value if what is being required from them is the payment to the qualified FWBs of the proceeds of the sale of those lands earlier sold or disposed of at fair market value.

There is an objection that to peg the just compensation at fair market value would mean HLI lands would be prohibitively expensive for the FWBs to acquire and thus they can never pay off the purchase price therefor. But to rule otherwise is unjust to HLI and contrary to the statutory requirement of payment to landowners of just compensation at fair market value.

It is for DAR to facilitate all kinds of economic arrangements whereby the farmers can ultimately pay off the value of the land, including the direct transfer of the land to buyers. There would be injustice in such a proposal, because not only is this approach inconsistent with Justice Brion's position that the market price paid by LIPCO be given to the FWBs, there have already been many improvements introduced by TADECO or petitioner HLI since that time, and to deny them compensation for the value either of those industrial fruits the improvements or of the civil fruits interest on the just compensation would be seriously unjust.

Apparently, the sugarland are undervalued. For example, separate corporate entities could be established, with one corporation having ownership of all land assets coupled with the distribution of all the stock of that corporation to the worker beneficiaries. Assuming existing operations were maintained; existing management retained, or comparable management hired; and wage and benefits levels remained constant, farm profitability would not differ significantly from previously levels.

However, the land-related portion of this profits would now benefit the farmworkers. It was rather that farmworkers, tenants and the landless rural poor continued to be denied an environment that would allow them to identify what their choices were.

Search form

The Politics of Agrarian Reform in the Philippines [Ateneo de Manila University Press ] at [] The stock distribution arrangement "contemplates of allowing the farmer-beneficiaries from the very start to occupy such number of seats in the board of directors of the corporate landowner as the whole number of shares of stock set aside for distribution may entitle them, so that they could have a say in forging their destiny. May at 17; rollo , Vol. So, my question now is, again I sound like a broken record, are the assailed acts of PARC considered legislative for you to invoke the Constitutional non impairment clause?

My answer is no, your Honor please. Court of Appeals , Phil. Heirs of Domingo , G. Libunao , SCRA , L, 28 November Huawei rejects Western security fears, says 'no evidence' Tech News. UK steps up no-deal Brexit plans with 3, soldiers on standby Europe.

Stop stigma against human rights defenders Philippines. New Zealand warns Google over naming murder accused Tech News. Travel, Food and Lifestyle. These stories made other people Check them out! An unknonw error has occurred. Please try again later. Select gender Male Female.

• Los grandes errores que cometemos los padres al educar a nuestros hijos (Spanish Edition)
• The Dilemma of Charlotte Farrow (Avenue of Dreams Book #2): A Novel
• Les rémunérations obscènes (French Edition)
• Prayers from the Heart (Inspire Charming Petites) (Inspire Charming Petites Ser)
• Jesus NEst Pas Ressuscite Mais le Roi Est Nu la Dent dOr NExiste Pas (French Edition)