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Leonardo da Vinci's Ornithopter design. Aviation timeline The history of aviation extends for more than two thousand years, from the earliest forms of aviation such as kites and attempts at tower jumping to supersonic and hypersonic flight by powered, heavier-than-air jets. Kite flying in China dates back to several hundred years BC and slowly spread around the world.
It is thought to be the earliest example of man-made flight. Leonardo da Vinci's 15th-century dream of flight found expression in several rational but unscientific designs, though he did not attempt to construct any of them. The discovery of hydrogen gas in the 18th century led to the invention of the hydrogen balloon, at almost exactly the same time that the Montgolfier brothers rediscovered the hot-air balloon and began manned flights.
A list of notable people from the county of Gloucestershire: Independence Day also known as ID4 is a American science fiction action film directed and co-written by Roland Emmerich. The film focuses on disparate groups of people who converge in the Nevada desert in the aftermath of a worldwide attack by an extraterrestrial race of unknown origin.
With the other people of the world, they launch a last-ditch counterattack on July 4—Independence Day in the United States. While promoting Stargate in Europe, Emmerich came up with the idea for the film when fielding a question about his own belief in the existence of alien life.
He and Dean Devlin decided to incorporate a large-scale attack having noticed that aliens in most invasion films travel long distances in outer space only to remain hidden when reaching Earth. Shooting began in July in New York The Distinguished Flying Cross is a military decoration awarded to any officer or enlisted member of the United States Armed Forces who distinguishes himself in support of operations by "heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight, subsequent to November 11, Two of the airmen died in a mid-air collision trying to land at Buenos Aires on February 26, and received their awards posthumously.
The award had only been authorized by Congress the previous year and no medals had yet been struck, so the Pan American airmen initially received only certificates. He transferred to the University of Pennsylvania two years later, where he received an economics degree from the Wharton School and a degree in physics from the College of Arts and Sciences. He began a Ph. He is probably best remembered for playing Ashley Wilkes in Gone with the Wind Howard's Second World War activities included acting and filmmaking.
He was active in anti-German propaganda and rumoured to have been involved with British or Allied Intelligence, sparking conspiracy theories regarding his death in when the Luftwaffe shot down BOAC Flight over the Bay of Bis Developed for the United States Army Air Corps, the P had distinctive twin booms and a central nacelle containing the cockpit and armament. Allied propaganda claimed it had been nicknamed the fork-tailed devil German: A vortex is created by the passage of an aircraft wing, revealed by smoke. Vortices are one of the many phenomena associated with the study of aerodynamics.
It is a sub-field of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, and many aspects of aerodynamics theory are common to these fields. The term aerodynamics is often used synonymously with gas dynamics, the difference being that "gas dynamics" applies to the study of the motion of all gases, and is not limited to air. The formal study of aerodynamics began in the modern sense in the eighteenth century, although observations of fundamental concepts such as aerodynamic drag were recorded much earlier. Most of the early efforts in aerodynamics were directed toward achieving heavier-than-air flight, which was first demonstrated by Otto Lilienthal in Koppen — was an American aircraft engineer.
In Koppen returned to teach stability and control at MIT, where he remained until his retirement in [1] As part of the course, Koppen took students up in a Fairchild 24 to demonstrate stability principles. Koppen was quoted as saying, "if they build more than one of these, they are crazy". He was referencing controlability issues with the small vertical tail. The eventual production aircraft did have issues, and needed over modifications before entering combat in WWII.
The Douglas A-1 Skyraider formerly AD Skyraider is an American single-seat attack aircraft that saw service between the late s and early s. The Skyraider had a remarkably long and successful career; it became a piston-powered, propeller-driven anachronism in the jet age, and was nicknamed "Spad", after the French World War I fighter.
It remained in U. This page is a list of British Academy Award nominees and winners. This list details the filmmakers, actors, actresses, and others born and working in the United Kingdom who have been nominated for or have won an Academy Award. Only 55 passenger flights were carried out before service ended due to safety concerns. A small number of cargo and test flights were also carried out after its retirement. A supersonic transport SST is a civilian supersonic aircraft designed to transport passengers at speeds greater than the speed of sound. Concorde's last commercial flight was in October , with a November 26, ferry flight being its last airborne operation.
Following the permanent cessation of flying by Concorde, there are no remaining SSTs in commercial service. Several companies have each proposed a supersonic business jet, whi In the course of searching for the girl, they uncover human remains that have been buried for 30 years or more. The remains are those of a bank clerk who had vanished with a large sum of money.
When the assistant bank manager is murdered with the same gun used to kill the bank clerk, Frost must determine who else might have been implicate They were envisaged by war-time prime minister Winston Churchill in March , and legally outlined in the Housing Temporary Accommodation Act Taking the details of the public housing plan from the output of the Burt Committee formed in , the wartime coalition government under Churchill proposed to address the need for an anticipated , shortfall in post-war housing stock, by building , prefabricated houses, with a planned life of up to 10 years, within five years of the end of the Second World War.
Through use of the wartime production facilit Aviators who died prior to Many notable human fatalities have resulted from aviation accidents and incidents. Those killed as part of a sporting, political or entertainment group who flew together when the accident took place are usually only listed under the group sections; however, some are also listed as individuals.
Major Rudolf Anderson, Jr. The U-2 has also been used for electronic sensor research, satellite calibration, scientific research, and communications purposes. The U-2 is one of The British Supermarine Spitfire was the only Allied fighter aircraft of the Second World War to fight in front line service from the beginnings of the conflict, in September , through to the end in August Post-war, the Spitfire's service career continued into the s.
This would lead to 19 marks of Spitfire and 52 sub-variants being produced throughout the Second World War, and beyond. Mitchell, in June , all variants of the Spitfire were designed by his replacement, Joseph Smith, and a Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrates 73 seconds after its launch resulting in the death of all seven crew members.
This article lists verifiable spaceflight-related accidents and incidents resulting in fatality or near-fatality during flight or training for manned space missions, and testing, assembly, preparation or flight of manned and unmanned spacecraft. Not included are accidents or incidents associated with intercontinental ballistic missile ICBM tests, unmanned space flights not resulting in fatality or serious injury, or Soviet or German rocket-powered aircraft projects of World War II. Also not included are alleged unreported Soviet space accidents, which are considered fringe theories by a majority of historians.
As of , there have been 18 astronaut and cosmonaut fatalities during spaceflight. There have also been some non-astronaut fatalities d This is a list of notable accidents and incidents involving military aircraft grouped by the year in which the accident or incident occurred. Not all of the aircraft were in operation at the time. Combat losses are not included except for a very few cases denoted by singular circumstances. This transport-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
The MG 42 shortened from German: Maschinengewehr 42, or "machine gun 42" is a 7.
It was intended to replace the earlier MG 34, which was more expensive and took much longer to produce, but both weapons were produced until the end of the war. Designed to be low-cost and easy to build, the MG 42 proved to be highly reliable and easy to operate. It is most notable for its very high cyclic rate for a gun using full power service cartridges, averaging about 1, rounds per minute compared to around for the MG 34, and perhaps to for other common machine guns like the M Browning or Bren.
This ability made it extremely effective in providing suppressive fire, and its unique sound led to it being nicknamed "Hitler's buzzsaw". This is a list of people who disappeared mysteriously: Many people who disappear are eventually declared dead in absentia. Some of these people were possibly subjected to forced disappearance, but there is insufficient information on their subsequent fates.
He disappeared in and has not been seen since. Initially she had refused to leave the shower block, causing one of her brothers to go collect their mum to persuade Cheryl to come out. In the moments between his leaving the show This list of unsolved deaths includes notable cases where victims have been murdered or have died under unsolved circumstances, including murders committed by unknown serial killers.
The mysteriously-deceased are listed chronologically by year. For "serial killer cases" which span multiple years, entries are listed under the year the first murder took place. Designed as an air superiority day fighter, it evolved into a successful all-weather multirole aircraft. Over 4, aircraft have been built since production was approved in Air Force, improved versions are being built for export customers. December 6 is the th day of the year st in leap years in the Gregorian calendar. There are 25 days remaining until the end of the year. Congress moves from New York City to Philadelphia.
December 5 is the th day of the year th in leap years in the Gregorian calendar. There are 26 days remaining until the end of the year. J Malan Heslop J. This is a list of aircraft in alphabetical order beginning with 'E'.
The Gloster Meteor was the first British jet fighter and the Allies' only jet aircraft to achieve combat operations during the Second World War. The Meteor's development was heavily reliant on its ground-breaking turbojet engines, pioneered by Sir Frank Whittle and his company, Power Jets Ltd. Development of the aircraft began in , although work on the engines had been under way since The Meteor first flew in and commenced operations on 27 July with No. The Meteor was not a sophisticated aircraft in its aerodynamics, but proved to be a successful combat fighter.
Gloster's civil Meteor F. Thousands of Meteors were built to fly with the RAF and other air forces and remained in use for several decades. The Meteor saw limited action in the Second World War. Meteors of the Royal Australia This is a list of aircraft in alphabetical order beginning with 'P - Ph'. Louis, Kansas City, and other stops, with Ford Trimotors. As the Airline Deregulation Act of led to a wave of airline failures, start-ups, and takeovers in the United States, TWA was spun off from its holding company in Carl Icahn acquired control of TWA and took Eight years after the events of The Dark Knight, merciless revolutionary Bane forces an older Bruce Wayne to resume his role as Batman and save Gotham City from nuclear destruction.
Christopher Nolan was hesitant about returning to the series for a second time, but agreed after developing a story with his brother and Goyer that he felt would conclude the series on a satisfactory note. Nolan drew inspiration f Maxim's original Maxim gun. It was produced in a number of variants during the war. The MG 08 served during World War II as a heavy machine gun in many German infantry divisions, although by the end of the war it had mostly been relegated to second-rate fortress units.
The Maschinengewehr 08 or MG 08 —so-named after , its year of adoption—was a development of the license made Maschinengewehr The firing rate depends on the lock assembly used and averages rounds per minute for the Schloss 08 and rounds per minute for the Schloss The gun used round fabric belts of 7.
Sustained firing would lead to overheating. It was water-cooled, using a jacket around the barrel that held approximately 3.
Using a separate attachment sight with range calculator for indirect fire, the MG 08 could be operated from cover. Rickman trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London and became a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, performing in modern and classical theatre productions. His first big television role came in , but his big break was as the Vicomte de Valmont in the stage production of Les Liaisons Dangereuses in , for which he was nominated for a Tony Award.
Rickman's other film roles included the Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood: Armstrong, 26, as a test pilot First Flights was a half-hour televised aviation history documentary series. The series focused on the technological history of aviation, from early balloons and gliders through war-time and mass commercial aviation, to experimental hypersonic flight at the edge of space.
Archival footage and vintage aircraft were used to recreate historic takeoffs. Season 1 traces the development of aviation technology from balloons to early post-WWII jet aircraft. Season 2 continues the story of atmospheric flight Joseph Smith aircraft designer. Price , page Beaver, page 30 Pegram, page Beaver, page 33 Pegram, page Retrieved 29 January The Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society. Member feedback about Joseph Smith aircraft designer: Member feedback about Supermarine Spitfire: Low-wing aircraft Revolvy Brain revolvybrain.
Member feedback about R. Machine tool builders Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Boulton Paul Aircraft topic Boulton Paul Aircraft Ltd was a British aircraft manufacturer that was incorporated in , although its origins in aircraft manufacturing began earlier in , and lasted until Member feedback about Boulton Paul Aircraft: Companies started in Revolvy Brain revolvybrain.
Aircraft in fiction topic Real military aircraft, such as this Grumman F Tomcat, frequently appear in works of fiction.
Member feedback about Aircraft in fiction: Supermarine Spitfire Griffon-powered variants topic The Rolls-Royce Griffon engine was designed in answer to Royal Naval specifications for an engine capable of generating good power at low altitudes. Member feedback about Supermarine Spitfire Griffon-powered variants: Low-wing aircraft Revolvy Brain revolvybrain Spitfire Merlin Member feedback about Supermarine Spitfire variants: Member feedback about Kelly Johnson engineer: Collier Trophy recipients Revolvy Brain revolvybrain.
List of electrical engineers topic This is a list of electrical engineers by no means exhaustive , people who have made notable contributions to electrical engineering or computer engineering.
Member feedback about List of electrical engineers: Electrical engineers Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Lewis gun topic The Lewis gun or Lewis automatic machine gun or Lewis automatic rifle is a First World War—era light machine gun of US design that was perfected and mass-produced in the United Kingdom,[1] and widely used by troops of the British Empire during the war.
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Member feedback about Supermarine Spiteful: Supermarine aircraft Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Little Book of Aviation. Pioneers of Aerial Combat. Jill Tarter and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. V1 Flying Bomb Aces. From Lysander to Lightning. Royal Naval Air Service Pilot — They Spread Their Wings. The Fear in the Sky. General Aviation Aircraft Design.
Designing Future-Oriented Airline Businesses. How the Spitfire Won the Battle of Britain. Commercial Airplane Design Principles. Last of the Few. From Nighthawk to Spitfire. Daring Women of History: How to write a great review. The review must be at least 50 characters long.
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