Alcohol Related Diseases in Gastroenterology

How Does Alcohol Affect the GI Health of Women?

Contents:

  • 1. Liver disease
  • Your Health Matters
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  • Ten health risks of chronic heavy drinking

    • Finally, there is a subset of patients who have alcohol-related cirrhosis. These patients can be asymptomatic in the early stages, but when they develop decompensated liver disease, they become highly symptomatic.

    1. Liver disease

    Alcohol abuse ranks among the most common and also the most severe environmental hazards to human health. Its significance is heightened by the possibility. result in a broad spectrum of acute and chronic diseases, such as acute gastro- intestinal bleeding (from lesions in the stomach or small intestine) and diar- rhea.

    LB Usually, alcoholic liver disease can be diagnosed based on patient history and laboratory test results, especially if the patient has examination findings that suggest chronic liver disease. Sometimes, a liver biopsy is performed if the diagnosis is not clear or if there are multiple disease etiologies suspected. Liver biopsy is still the gold standard for diagnosis. However, because liver biopsy is so invasive and carries a risk of complications, clinical practice is moving toward noninvasive methods of ascertaining liver fibrosis in lieu of liver biopsy.

    LB With research on this issue starting to enter the literature, we are developing a better understanding of all of the risk factors for alcoholic liver disease beyond just the amount and duration of alcohol intake. For example, alcoholic liver disease appears to be more likely to occur in women, younger people, and those with poor nutritional status. There are also multiple genetic factors that we are only starting to understand related to how the body breaks down ethanol and how it handles inflammation.

    There is an emerging new body of research on the relationship between the gut microbiome, the liver, and alcoholic liver disease. It turns out, interestingly, that alcohol disrupts the mucosal barrier of the gut, which leads inflammatory bacterial products called lipopolysaccharides to enter the blood supply. This causes liver inflammation to accelerate and, if the process spirals out of control, it produces the clinical syndrome of alcoholic hepatitis.

    Is cessation of alcoholic intake sufficient? LB Once someone develops acute alcoholic hepatitis, a number of interventions have traditionally been used.

    Your Health Matters

    An exciting recent trial on this subject was STOPAH Steroids or Pentoxifylline for Alcoholic Hepatitis , which was a randomized trial of 2 commonly used drugs for alcoholic hepatitis, pentoxifylline and prednisolone. The trial found that neither of these drugs has a sustained benefit on mortality after 28 days, and only prednisolone reduces mortality before 28 days.

    Thus, the researchers concluded that pentoxifylline should no longer be used for treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis. The increased level of acetaldehyde not only damages the colonic mucosa but, after absorption into the portal blood, contributes to liver injury. Finally, acetaldehyde can exert a local carcinogenic by stimulating the proliferation rate of the epithelial cells in the rectum of both animal and humans[ 75 , 76 ]. Alcohol abuse represents a serious public health concern in many countries.

    However, growing evidence suggest that ALD have to be considered a true systemic disease.

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    Citation of this article. Corresponding Author of This Article. Publishing Process of This Article. Research Domain of This Article. Article-Type of This Article. Open-Access Policy of This Article. This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article.

    Total Article Views All Articles published online. Times Cited of This Article. Journal Information of This Article. November 29, Revised: May 7, Accepted: May 19, Published online: Alcoholic liver disease , Alcoholic pancreatitis , Alcohol and gastrointestinal tract. Wen LL L- Editor: Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health Recent trends in the epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease. The epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease. Anabolic steroid therapy as an adjunct to diet in alcoholic hepatic steatosis. Am J Dig Dis. Epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease. Per capita alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality in 14 European countries.

    Drinking habits as cofactors of risk for alcohol induced liver damage. The Dionysos Study Group. Who gets alcoholic liver disease: J R Coll Physicians Lond. Pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver disease: Role of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseases. Alcohol induced hepatic fibrosis: Distribution of ethanol-induced protein adducts in vivo: Free Radic Biol Med.

    Acetaldehyde stimulates the activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta1 and induces expression of the type II receptor of the cytokine in rat cultured hepatic stellate cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. Mechanisms and cell signaling in alcoholic liver disease. Oxidative stress-related molecules and liver fibrosis.

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    Finally, both acute and chronic exposure of the small intestine to alcohol can impair the absorption of monosaccharides, several L-amino acid residues and lipids fatty acids, monoglycerides as well as some vitamins even in absence of advanced liver disease or pancreatic insufficiency[ 58 ]. New research investigates the physical health risks associated with anxiety and depression and compares them with those of smoking and obesity. A recent population-based study including northern Italian subjects demonstrated that only It has been estimated that the harmful use of alcohol results in approximately 2. Alcoholic liver disease is one of many conditions associated with alcohol misuse.

    Fatty acid ethyl esters. Ethanol metabolites that reflect ethanol intake. Am J Clin Pathol. Fatty acid ethyl esters: Immune responses to the microbiota at the intestinal mucosal surface. Signalling pathways in alcohol-induced liver inflammation. Oxidative stress and alcoholic liver disease.

    Increased intestinal permeability to macromolecules and endotoxemia in patients with chronic alcohol abuse in different stages of alcohol-induced liver disease. Kupffer cell activation by lipopolysaccharide in rats: Mechanisms of hepatic toxicity. Alcohol-induced pancreatic injury Part I. Unexplained features and ductular theories of pathogenesis. Risk of pancreatitis according to alcohol drinking habits: A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption and the risk of 15 diseases.

    Alcohol as a risk factor for pancreatitis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and the risk of recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis. Long-term prognosis of acute pancreatitis in Japan.

    Ethanol metabolism and transcription factor activation in pancreatic acinar cells in rats. Fatty acid ethyl esters cause pancreatic calcium toxicity via inositol trisphosphate receptors and loss of ATP synthesis. Increased calcium influx in the presence of ethanol in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Int J Exp Pathol. Does alcohol directly stimulate pancreatic fibrogenesis? Studies with rat pancreatic stellate cells.

    Fatty Liver - Alcoholic LIVER Disease - Cirrhosis - Full Explaination in ENG - www.farmersmarketmusic.comion

    Evidence from a novel, physiologically relevant animal model. Alcohol-related diseases of the oesophagus and stomach. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. Background factors of reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease: Alcohol causes changes in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. A drop in the white blood cell count can occur due to alcoholism. This happens because the body's production of white blood cells is suppressed, and the cells become trapped in the spleen.

    Each episode of heavy drinking reduces the body's ability to ward off infections. Exposure to large amounts of alcohol and chronic, heavy alcohol use will adversely affect white blood cell production and function over time. Alcohol is associated with blurred vision, memory lapses, slurred speech, difficulty walking and slowed reaction time. These are all due to its effects on the brain. It alters the brain receptors and neurotransmitters, and it interferes with a person's cognitive function, moods, emotions, and reactions on multiple levels.

    Because alcohol is a central nervous system CNS depressant, it causes difficulty with processing information and poses challenges with solving simple problems. Alcohol's effect on serotonin and GABA receptors may cause neurological changes that could lead to a reduction in a person's normal fear of consequences to their own actions, contributing to risk-taking or violent behaviors. Alcohol also disrupts fine motor coordination and balance, often leading to injuries from falls. Excessive drinking can cause "blackouts" or the inability to remember events.

    Long-term heavy drinking can speed up the brain's normal aging process, resulting in early and permanent dementia. Until the age of 24 years , the brain is still developing. As a result, young adults are especially vulnerable to the damaging effects of alcohol. Dysfunctional drinking leads to malnourishment and vitamin deficiencies.

    This may be due partly to a poor diet, but also because nutrients are not broken down properly. They are not adequately absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood, and they are are not used effectively by the body's cells. Also, alcohol's ability to interrupt the bone marrow's red blood cell production and to cause bleeding from gastric ulcers may lead to the development of iron deficiency anemia. Chronic heavy alcohol consumption, particularly during adolescence and young adulthood, can dramatically affect bone health, and it may increase the risk of developing osteoporosis , with a loss of bone mass, later on in life.

    Osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures , especially in the proximal femur of the hip. Alcohol interferes with the balance of calcium , vitamin D production, and cortisol levels, adding to the potential weakening of bone structure. Drinking high quantities of alcohol during adolescence increases the risk of osteoporosis later in life. Heavy can cause blood pressure to be high by triggering the release of certain hormones that cause constriction of blood vessels.

    This can adversely affect the heart. Excessive alcohol intake has long been linked to multiple cardiovascular complications, including angina , high blood pressure , and a risk of heart failure. Stroke is a potentially deadly complication of binge drinking. Fluctuations in blood pressure and increases in platelet activation are common during the body's recovery from a binge.

    This deadly combination heightens the chance of ischemic stroke. Drinking alcohol in any amount is linked to car crashes, domestic violence, falls, drowning, occupational injuries, suicide, and homicide. Driving ability may be impaired with as little as one drink, and a person who drinks heavily is likely to sustain a greater severity of injury with an accident.

    Chronic or heavy drinking poses an enormous health risk. Drinking too much, whether on one occasion or over an extended period, can lead to severe and irreversible body damage. No pattern of drinking is entirely risk-free, and there is no reliable method of predicting how or when an individual will be harmed as a result of the chronic heavy drinking of alcohol. Girls who suffer concussion in childhood could be at increased risk for abusing alcohol as adults, though the risk is reversible, according to a study published in the Journal of Neurotrauma.

    Alcohol consumption alters the structure and function of neurons in an area of the brain called the dorsomedial striatum, find scientists. Heavy drinking in midlife increases stroke risk 'more than diabetes'. It is well known that high blood pressure and diabetes can raise the risk of stroke. But a new twin study finds that, for people in middle-aged, heavy alcohol consumption may increase that risk even more. Article last updated by Yvette Brazier on Mon 19 February All references are available in the References tab. Alcohol and heart health. Alcohol and the immune system.

    Ten health risks of chronic heavy drinking

    Alcohol, drugs, and youth. Alcohol's damaging effects on the brain. Maturation of the adolescent brain.

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    Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment 9 , Alcohol consumption and the risk of cancer. Ethanol intoxication in adults. Alcohol-related diseases of the esophagus and stomach [Abstract].