In dubio pro libido (German Edition)

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Set up a giveaway. There's a problem loading this menu right now. Learn more about Amazon Prime. Get fast, free shipping with Amazon Prime. Get to Know Us. English Choose a language for shopping. Not Enabled Word Wise: Enabled Would you like to tell us about a lower price? Amazon Music Stream millions of songs. Amazon Advertising Find, attract, and engage customers. Amazon Drive Cloud storage from Amazon. Let the whole Argive land. Link Thunder with my horsemen, no forest hide. Link Let the whole people abandon Mycenae. All who shield and shelter. Link Let the mighty house of famed Pelops fall.

I must dare some horror,. Link To be his. You do not avenge crimes. Link Unless you top them. What can be so savage. Is he lying low? I know the man's nature—. He cannot bend—he can break. Link So, before he grows strong or marshals forces,. Link I must attack lest he attack me off guard. The crime lies in the open—. Link Waiting for the first hand. It's power's greatest gift.

Link As well as praise their master's deeds. Link He who seeks the glory of true acclaim. The base often receive true praise, none but. Link The mighty false. Let men want what they do not. Let kings want what's right: Where masters are allowed only what's right,. Where there is no shame,. Link No care for law, no sanctity, piety, trust,. Link Power is unstable. Link Are private goods. Kings may go where they please. Think it wrong to harm even a bad brother. What's wrong for a brother is right for him. He took my wife by lechery,. Link My throne by theft. By fraud he filched our ancient.

Link A magic ram, leader of the rich flock. Link All along its body there hangs a fleece. Link Tantalid kings have their sceptres gilded. Link Grazes safely in remote fields, where a wall. Link My wife defiled, my power untrusted,. Link But my brother's hate. To himself Why gape like this? Link At last, stir your spirit. Link And Pelops. Their examples mould my hands. Link To courtier Tell me how I should slay this dire man.

Let him die by the sword spewing hateful breath. You speak of punishment's end. Link A kind tyrant would kill. Leave now, Piety, if thou didst ever dwell. Link In our house. Come, dire horde of Furies,. Link And feuding Erinys and Megaera,. Link Shaking twin torches.

My heart does not burn. Link With fury great enough. My joy's to be filled. What mad new plot is this? Nothing in the limits of common pain. What weapon, then, will be used for such pain? That's evil beyond wrath. A frenzied turmoil shakes. I'm swept I don't know. Link Where—but I'm swept. Link The clear day thunders, the whole palace cracked. Link Their gaze. Let it be done, be done—this sin.

What do you plan to do? My mind swells with something greater, larger. Link Than the norm, beyond bounds of human custom;.

Link It prompts my idle hands. I don't know what it is,. Link It's a thing sublime. Link It's a deed fit for Thyestes, fit for Atreus—. Link For each to perform. The Odrysian house saw. Link An unspeakable feast—a huge crime, I admit,. My pain must find something.

Inspire my mind, Daulian mother. Let father mangle sons. Link It's good, it's supreme. This mode of vengeance. Link Where is he? Link Stayed pure so long? The whole image of carnage. Link Now strays before my eyes: Link In a father's mouth. Soul, why take fright again. It must be dared, do it. What tricks will draw. He thinks the world. He couldn't be taken unless he aimed. He hopes for my kingdom still. Link In this hope he'll meet Jove's menacing bolt,. Who'll assure the peace?

Vile hope trusts all. Link Argos as joint master. Link His raw sons, tired of pain and hardship. Link And easily taken. On one side the old power-lust,. Link On the other grim want and hard labour. Link Will force the man, though numbed by great affliction. Now time has rendered his hardships easy.

The sense of pain grows daily.

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Link Suffering is easy, suffering long is hard. Pick other agents for this grim purpose. Young men are open to worse instruction. You teach them to treat father like uncle. Link Crimes often rebound on their teacher. Though none teach them the ways of fraud and crime,. Afraid they'll become evil? Link They are born so. What you call savage, cruel,. Will your sons know. Link The trap you set? Discrete silence isn't found. They may reveal the trick. Will you then deceive your very agents. Link Of deceit? Link In my crime? Let my feud unfold through me. Link To himself You're playing it badly; you baulk, soul.

If they spurn war. Link And reject the feud, if they call him uncle,. Link He is their father. The large business they serve. To courtier You keep our plans concealed. I need no admonition. Link Will lock them in my heart, but mainly—trust. Link At last the noble court, Inachus' ancient line, Has settled brothers' threats. Link What fury rouses you To spill your blood in turn Link And seize sceptres with sin?

Link Your palace-lust ignores The place where kingship lies. Link No wealth creates a king, No dye of Tyrian robes, No mark of kingly brow, No gleaming beams of gold. Link A king is he who laid fear Aside and dire heart's lust. Link The kings may assemble Link Who rouse the errant Dahae, Who control the red coast Shoals and sea far-bloodied Link By bright gems, who unlock The Caspian ridges For brave Sarmatians— Link Kings may contend who dare Link Walk the Danube's waters, And wherever they lie The Seres famed for silk— Good mind holds the throne.

Link Fill me with sweet repose, Link Tucked in a place obscure, Enjoying gentle ease. Link Let my life flow silent, Link Known to no Quirites. Link Death lies heavy on one Link Who, known too much to all, Link Dies unknown to himself. The chorus remain onstage stage left. The time is later: The scene is before the royal palace. Enter thyestes alone from stage right. His appearance is ragged, his hair matted and foul. At he is joined by his three sons , tantalus, plisthenes , and an unnamed son. Aside Things I've longed for—roofs of my fatherland,.

Link If gods exist —I see the Cyclopian. Link But surely Atreus, too. Link With beasts—and like theirs. The bright gleam of power. Link Should not blind your eyes with its false glitter. Link When you view a gift, look at the giver, too. Link To fear. My mind falters; it wants to drive. Our sire moves slowly, gaping,. Link And turns his face, locked in uncertainty.

Aside Why hesitate, soul? Why this long torture. Link Over such a simple choice? Misery is now your joy. Link Turn back while you can; tear yourself away. What cause, sire, makes you recoil from the sight. Why refuse the great wealth. Link In your lap? Your brother returns—anger cast off—. Link Returns, too, a share of the realm, sets the limbs. Link Of a mangled house and restores you to yourself.

You ask the cause of my fear: Link I mean to proceed, but my knees are weak,. Link Like a ship, driven by oar and sail, borne. Master what obstructs and impedes your mind. Link Father, you can be king. Since I can die. The highest power is—. None, if you desire none. You'll leave it to your sons. No throne has room for two.

One who can be happy prefers misery? Believe me, false titles give greatness charm,. Link Fear of poverty's groundless. While I stood high,. O, how good it is. No crime enters the hovel,. I say for I know: Link No guard protects my sleep. I have no fleet. Link The relentless belly, no fields laid out. Link Beyond the Getae and the Parthians. Link Stoked by many hands. Day is not given. Link To sleep nor night conjoined with Bacchic vigil. Link Great kingship is power to cope without kingship.

Power should not be refused if god grants it,. Your brother begs you to be king. That makes one fear. Family piety often returns where it left. Link Just love regains the strength it has lost. My brother love Thyestes? Link The earth. Sooner will water join fire,. Link Life join death, wind join sea in covenant. Link And trust. But what trickery do you fear? What limit can I set to my fear? What can he do to you? I don't fear for myself now. Link Caution comes late in calamity's midst.

I, your sire, affirm just this: Link I follow you all, I do not lead. Link Well on fair designs. Come on with steps assured. Aside The net is spread and the beast is bound fast. Link Now lives secure. He's come into our hands,. Link It's hard to hold back, hard to bridle pain. Link So, when a keen Umbrian on a long leash. Link Tracks wild beasts and with muzzle lowered.

Link Sniffs out the trail—while the boar is distant. Link He fights with all his neck, noisily protests. Link When anger smells blood, it won't be hidden—. Now for a show of faith. Link To thyestes Brother—it's a joy to see you. From this day let's cherish blood. I could refute everything if you were different. Link But I confess, Atreus, confess. Link You believed. Today's piety has made. That man is truly guilty. Link These hands have touched no feet. Link Let all anger go and cut the tumour.

Take your hands From these knees and seek instead my embrace. To thyestes Strip off these filthy clothes, Spare our eyes. Take this finery to match mine. The greater praise belongs to me— Restoring father's glory to my brother safe. The gods give you, brother, rewards to match. Link Your great deserts. My filthy head rejects. Allow me to be lost. This throne has room for two. What is yours, brother, I hold to be mine. What man denies the influx of fortune's gifts? The man who knows how easily they ebb. Do you deny your brother his great glory? Your glory's already got; mine remains.

Link To spurn the throne is my fixed intent. I'll abandon my part unless you accept yours. I'll bear a king's title imposed,. Wear the band imposed on your reverend head. Link I shall offer chosen victims to the gods. Link Could one believe this? Fierce Atreus— That uncontrolled, savage beast— Link Stood gaping at sight of brother.

Link No force transcends true piety. Just now Arms of civil war clattered through Mycenae. Pale mothers clutched sons, Wife feared for plated husband, Link As hands pursued reluctant swords Link Foul with the rust of placid peace. Link Crouching upon the battlements Link Watchmen feared the anxious night. Link Worse than war is fear of war itself. Link No life-lot is long. Pain and joy Link Yield in turn. Joy is more brief. Link A fleeting hour swaps high and low. Link The man who bestows diadems, Link At whom kneeling nations tremble, At whose nod wars end for Medes, Link For Indians close to Phoebus, Link For Dahan riders, Parthia's bane, Himself grips anxious sceptre, Foresees and fears all-changing, Fickle fortune and faithless time.

Link You to whom lord of sea and earth Gave great power of death and life Link Doff those proud, tumescent looks. Link All thrones lie beneath greater throne. Link No one should trust success too much, None should despair of failure's end. Link Clotho twines both, forbids Fortune Link To stand still, and spins every fate.

The scene is the same. Darkness covers the stage. Enter a messenger from the palace. What whirlwind will lift me headlong through the air. O house of shame—even. Link To Pelops and Tantalus! What news do you bring? What region is this? Link Blessed with brothers' piety? Link The gullets of two seas? Link Where wild Alani flee, or Hyrcania,. Link Locked in undying snow, or nomad Scythia? Link What place knows such unspeakable horror? Expose this evil whatever it is.

If my mind settles, if this frozen body. Link Frees its limbs from fear. You worsen the suspense. Link Present the horror and show its author. Link I don't ask who, but which one. At the top of the citadel is a part. Link The city, ready to strike a people. Here glows a huge hall,. Link Of varied stain support its gilded beams. Link The rich house falls back into space on space. Link Where a deep vale confines an ancient wood—. Link The kingdom's inner sanctum. Link Puts out lush branches or receives the knife,. Link But yews and cypresses nod and a dim wood.

Link Looks down from its height and conquers the grove. Link Here Tantalids inaugurate their reign,. Link Own spoils—wheels crippled by false axles,. Link Hangs in this place, here plunder from the foe. Link And a barbaric triumph's embroidered cloak.

Link Stuck in a black swamp. Such is the foul stream. Link Of the dire Styx, by which heaven keeps faith. Link Here in the blind darkness the death-gods groan. Link And spirits howl. All that is fearful to hear. Link There is seen. A throng of ancients roam free. Link Larger than any known. Flame, too, would flicker.

Link Without fire. Often the grove booms with triple. Link Barking, often huge apparitions startle. Link The palace. Nor does daylight calm the fear. Here prayers find sure. Link With thunderous noise and the cavern bellows. Link With a god's unfettered voice. Who could tell it right? Link And binds their doleful heads with purple wool. Link The incense is there and Bacchus' holy wine. Link And the knife to smear the victim with salt-meal. Who puts hand to blade? He is the priest, he chants the death-chant.

Link He oversees all: Link The grove trembles, earth shook, the whole palace. Link Tottered, uncertain where to set its weight. Link As if riding a wave. From the sky's left. Link A speeding star streaked a blackened trail. Link The wine poured on the fires flows bloody: The kingly crown slipped twice, thrice. In temples carved ivory wept. Without delay he stands. Link At the altar with gaze askance and scowling. Link Like a famished tigress in Ganges' groves,. Jam tantum irae conceperat rex, quantum vix sobrius ferre potuisset.

Enimvero olim mero sensibus victis, ex lecto repente prosiluit. Attoniti amici, ne positis quidem sed abjectis poculis, consurgunt, in eventum rei quam tanto impetu acturus esset intenti. Alexander rapta lancea ex manibus armigeri, Clitum adhuc eadem linguae intemperantia furentem percutere conatus, a Ptolemaeo et Perdicca inhibetur.

Deeds of Arms: Excerpts from the Chronicle of the Monk of St. Denis

Medium complexi et obluctari perseverantem morabantur: Lysimachus et Leonnatus etiam lanceam abstulerant. Ille militum fidem implorans, comprehendi se a proximis amicorum, quod Dario nuper accidisset, exclamat; signumque tuba dari, ut ad regiam armati coirent, jubet. Sed clausae erant aures, obstrepente ira.. Itaque impotens animi percurrit in regiae vestibulum, et, vigili excubanti hasta ablata, constitit in aditu, quo necesse erat iis qui simul cenaverant egredi.

Clitus ultimus sine lumine exibat.

Eminebat etiam in voce sceleris quod parabat atrocitas. Et ille jam non suae, sed regis ira memor, Clitum esse, et de convivio exire respondit. Haec dicentis latus hasta transfixit, morientisque sanguine aspersus, " I nunc" inquit'"ad Philippum, et Parmenionem, et Attalum. Quippe rex postquhm ira mente decesserat, etiam ebrietate discussa, magnitudinem facinoris sera aestimatione perspexit.

Videbat tunc immodich libertate abusum, sed alioquino egregium bello virum, et nisi erubesceret fateri, servatorem sui, occisum. Detestabile carnificis ministerium occupaverat rex, verborum licentiam, quae vino poterat imputari, nefand5a caede ultus. Manabat toto vestibulo cruor paulo ante convivae; vigiles attoniti et stupentibus similes procul stabant, liberioremque pcenitentiam solitudo excipiebat.

Ergo hastam ex corpore jacentis evulsam retorsit in semet: Ille humi prostraverat corpus; gemitu ejulatuque miserabili totam personans regiam. Inter has preces tota nox extracta est: Itaque inter vinum et epulas caede commissa, iram Dei fuisse manifestam.

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Ceteruim magis eo movebatur, quod omnium amicorum animos videbat attonitos; neminem cum ipso sociare sermonem postea ausurum; vivendum esse in solitudine, velut ferae bestioe terrenti alias, alias timenti. Prima deinde luce tabernaculo corpus, sicut adhuc cruentum erat, jussit inferri. Quo posito ante ipsum, lacrimis obortis, " Hanc," inquit'' nutrici meae gratiam retuli, cujus duo filii apud Miletum pro mea gloria occubuere mortem; hic frater, unicum orbitatis solatium, a me inter epulas occisus est. Qu6 nunc se conferet misera? Omnibus ejus unus supersum, quem solum aequis oculis videre non poterit.

Rex triduum jacuit inclusus. Qiuem ut armigeri coporisque custodes ad moriendum obstinatum esse cognoverunt, universi in tabernaculum irrumpunt, diuque precibus ipsorum reluctatum aegre vicerunt ut cibum caperet. QOuoque minils cadis puderet, jure interfectum Clitum Macedones. Octoginta et quinque elephantos objecerat eximio corporum robore; ultraque eos, currus trecentos et peditum triginta fere milia: Ipsum vehebat elephantus super ceteras beluas eminens: Par animus robori corporis, et, quanta inter rudes poterat esse, sapientia.

Macedonas non conspectus hostium solim, sed etiam fluminis quod transeundum erat magnitudo terrebat. QCuattuor in latitudinem stadia diffusus profundo alveo, et nusquam vada aperiente, speciem vasti maris fecerat. Nec pro spatio aquarum latie stagnantium impetum coercebat; sed quasi in arctum coeuntibus ripis, torrens et elisus ferebatur: Terribilior erat facies ripae, quam equi virique compleverant.

Stabant ingentes vastorum corporum moles, et de industria irritata horrendo stridore aures fatigabant. Hinc amnis hinc hostis, capacia quidem bonae spei pectora, et saepe se experta, improviso tamen pavore percusserant: Erant in medio amne insulae crebrae, in quas Indi et Macedones nantes, levatis super capita armis, transibant. Ibi levia prceiia conserebantur, et uterque rex parvae rei discrimine. Ceteruim in Macedonum exercitu temeritate atque audacia insignes fuere Symmachus et Nicanor, nobiles juvenes, et perpetufa partium felicitate ad spernendum omne periculum accensi.

Qjuis ducibus promptissimi juvenum lanceis modo armati transnavere in insulam, quam frequens hostis tenebat; multosque Indorum, nulla re magis quam audacia armati, interemerunt. Abire cum gloria poterant, si umquam temeritas felix inveniret modum; sed dum supervenientes contemptim et superbe quoque exspectant, circumventi ab his qui occulti enaverant, eminiis obruti telis sunt.

Qui effugerant hostem aut impetu amnis ablati sunt, aut vorticibus impliciti. Eaque pugna multurm fiduciam Pori erexit, cuncta cernentis e ripa. Alexander inops consilii, tandem ad fallendum hostem talem dolum intendit. Erat insula in flumine amplior ceteris, silvestris eadem, et tegendis insidiis apta.

Fossa quoque praealta haud procul ripa quam tenebat ipse, non pedites modo, sed etiam cum equis viros poterat abscondere. Igitur ut a custodia hujus opportunitatis oculos hostium averteret, Ptolemaeum curn omnibus turmis obequitare jussit procul insula, et subinde Indos clamore terrere, quasi flumen transnaturus foret. Per complures dies Ptolemaeus id fecit, eoque consilio Porum quoque agmen suum ei parti, quam se petere simulabat,-coeigit advertere. Jam extra conspectum hostis insula erat. Alexander in diversa parte ripa statui suum tabernaculum jussit, assuetamque comitari ipsum cohortem ante id tabernaculum stare, et omnem apparatum regiae magnificentiae hostium.

Hujus consilii effectum prim6 morata tempestas est, mox adjuvit; incommoda quoque ad bonos adventus vertente fortuna. Trajicere amnem cum ceteris copiis in regionem insulae de qua ante dictum est parabat, averso hoste in eos qui cum Ptolemaeo inferiorem obsederant ripam; cium procella imbrem vix sub tectis tolerabilem effundit; obrutique milites nimbo in terram refugerunt, navigiis ratibusque desertis. Sed tumultuantium fremitus, obstrepentibus ventis, ab hoste non poterat audiri.

Deinde momento temporis repressus est imber; ceterum adeo spissse intendere se nubes, ut conderent lucem, vixque colloquentium inter ipsos facies noscitarentur. Terruisset alium obducta nox caelo, cuim ignoto amne navigandum esset, forsitan hoste eam ipsam ripam, quam cceci atque improvidi, et ex periculo gloriam accersentes petebant, occupante. Obscuritatem, quae ceteros terrebat, suam occasionem ratus, dato signo ut omnes silentio ascenderent, ratem eam qua ipse vehebatur primam jussit expelli.

Vacua erat ab hostibus ripa quao petebatur; quippe adhuc Porus Ptolemaeum tantuim intuebatur. Una ergo navi, quam petrae fluctus illiserat, haerente, ceterae evadunt; armaque capere milites, et ire in ordinem jussit. Jamque agmen in cornua divisum ipse ducebat, cim Poro nuntiatur, armis virisque ripam obtineri, et rerum adesse discrimen. Ac prim6, humani ingenii vitio, spei suax indulgens, Abisaren belli socium, et ita convenerat, adventare credebat.

Dux erat copiarum quas proemisit Hages frater'ipsius; summa virium in curribus. Senos viros singuli vehebant, duos clipeatos, duos sagittarios, ab utroque latere dispositos; aurigae erant ceteri haud sane inermes, quippe jacula complura, ubi cominfis prceliandum erat, omissis habenis, in hostem ingerebant.

Ceterfim vix ullus usus hujus auxilii eo die fuit. Namque ut supra dictum est imber violentiuis quam alias fusus, campos lubricos et inequitabiles fecerat: Contra Alexander expedito ac levi agmine strenue invectus est. Scythae et Dahae primi omniumn invasere Indos: Perdiccam deinde cum equitibus in dextrum cornu hostium emisit. Jam undique pugna se moverat, cuim hi qui currus agebant, illud ultimum auxilium suorum rati, effusis habenis in medium discrimen ruere cceperunt. Anceps id malum utrisque erat: Is, ut dissipatos tota acie currus vagari sine rectoribus vidit, proxitnis amicorum distribuit elephantos.

Post eos posuerat pedites ac sagittarios tympana pulsare solitos. Id pro cantu tubarum Indis erat; nec strepitu eorum movebantur, olim ad notum sonum auribus mitigatis. Capitis etiam sanxerant pcenam his qui ex acie non retulissent; metu quem ex illo hoste quondam conceperant, etiam in religionem venerationemque converso. Macedonas non beluarum modo, sed etiam ipsius regis aspectus parumper inhibuit. Beluae, dispositae inter armatos, speciem turrium procul fecerant. Ipse Porus humanae magnitudinis propemoduim excesserat formam. Magnitudini adjicere videbatur belua qua vehebatur, tantum inter ceteras eminens, quantum aliis ipse praestabat.

Itaque Alexander contemplatus et regem et agmen Indorum, "Tandem" inquit "par animo meo periculum video. Cum bestiis simul et cum egregiis viris res est. Tu, Antigene, et tu Leonnate, et Tauron, invehemini in mediam aciem, et urgebitis frontem. Hastae nostrae praelongae et validae non alias magis quam adversuis beluas rectoresque earum usui esse poterunt: Anceps genus auxilii est, et in suos acriuis furit.

In hostem enim imperio, in suos pavore agitur. Phalanx quoque mediam Indorum aciem uno impetu perrupit. At Porus, qua equitem invehi senserat, beluas agi. Ne sagittarum quidem ullus erat barbaris usus. Ergo spreto regis imperio quod fere fit, ubi turbatis acriuis metus quam dux imperare ccepit totidem erant imperatores quot agmina errabant. Alius jungere aciem, alius dividere; stare quidam, et nonnulli circumvehi terga hostium jubebant. Nihil in medium consulebatur. Porus tamen cum paucis, quibus metu potior fuerat pudor, colligere dispersos, obvius hosti ire pergit, elephantosque ante agmen suorum agi jubet.

Mlagnum beluao injecere terrorem, insolitusque stridor non equos modo, tam pavidum ad omnia animal, sed viros quoque ordinesque turbaverat. Jam fugae circumspiciebant locum paulo ante victores, cuim Alexander Agrianos et Thracas leviter armatos, meliorem concursatione quam cominuis militem, emisit in beluas. Ingentem hi vim telorum injecere et elephantis et regentibus eos. Phalanx quoque instare constanter territis ccepit. Sed quidam avidiuis persecuti beluas, in semet irritavere vulneribus. Obtriti ergo pedibus earum, ceteris ut' parciuis instarent fuere documentum. Pracipue terribilis illa facies erat, cuim manu arma virosque corriperent, et super se regentibus traderent.

Anceps ergo pugna, nunc sequentium nunc fugientium elephantos, in multum diei varium certamen extraxit, donec securibus id namque genus auxilii praeparatum erat pedes amputare cceperunt. Ergo elephanti vulneribus tandem fatigati suos impetu sternunt, et qui rexerant eos praecipitati in terram ab ipsis obterebantur. Itaque pecorum modo, magis pavidi quam infesti, ultra aciem exigebantur; cium Porus, destitutus a pluribus, tela multo ante praeparata in circumfusos ex elephanto suo ccepit ingerere, multisque eminuis vulneratis, expositus ipse ad ictus undique petebatur.

Novem jam vulnera hinc tergo illinc pectore exceperat: Nec segniuis belua, instincta rabie, nondum saucia, invehebatur ordinibus; donec rector beluoe regem conspexit fluentibus membris, omissisque armis vix compotem mentis. Tum beluam in fugam concitat, sequente Alexandro; sed equus ejus multis vulneribus confossus deficiensque procubuit, posito magis rege quhm effuso.

Itaque dum equum mutat, tardiuis insecutus est. Interim frater Taxilis regis Indorum, praemissus ab Alexandro, monere ccepit Porum, ne ultima - experiri perseveraret, dederetque se victori. At ille, quamquam exhaustae erant vires deficiebatque sanguis, tamen ad notam vocem excitatus, "Agnosco" inquit "Taxilis fratrem, imperii regnique sui proditoris;" et telum, quod unum forthe non effluxerat, contorsit in eum; quod per medium pectus penetravit ad tergum. Hoc ultimo virtutis opere edito, fugere acriuis ccepit; sed elephantus quoque qui multa exceperat tela deficiebat.

Jam Alexander consecutus erat, et pertinacia Pori cognita; vetabat resistentibus parci. Ergo undique et in pedites et in ipsum Porum tela congesta sunt; quis tandem gravatus, labi ex beluat ccepit. Indus, qui elephanturn regebat, descendere eum ratus, more solito elephantum procumbere jussit in genua: Ea res et Porum et ceteros victoribus tradidit. Rex spoliari corpus Pori, interemptum esse credens, jubet, et qui detraherent loricam vestemque concurrere; cuim belua dominum tueri et spoliantes ccepit appetere, levatumque corpus ejus rursuis dorso suo imponere.

Ergo telis undique obruitur, confossoque eo, in vehiculum Porus imponitur. Quem rex ut vidit allevantem oculos, non odio sed miseratione commotus, " Quae, malum! Neminem me fortiorem esse censebam. Meas enim noveram vires, nondum expertus tuas: Sed ne sic quidem pariim felix sum, secundus tibi. Quippe magnitudinem animi ejus interritam ac ne fortuna quidem infractam, non misericordia modo, sed etiam honore excipere di. IEgrum curavit haud seciis quam si pro ipso pugnasset; confirmatum contra spem omnium in amicorum numerum recepit; mox donavit ampliore regno quam tenuit.

Quippe a suis credebat magnitudinem suam destrui posse; eamdem clariorem fore, quo majores fuissent quos ipse vicisset. Rex erat Moeris, qui urbe desertar in montes profugerat. Itaque Alexander oppido potitur, agrosque populatur. Magnai inde praedae actaee sunt pecorum armentorumque, magna vis reperta frumenti. Ducibus deinde sumptis amnis peritis, defluxit ad insulam medio ferme alveo enatam. Ibi diutiuis subsistere coactus, quia duces socordiuis asservati profugerant, misit qui conquirerent alios: Navigabant ergo omnium per quee ferebantur ignari: Unum erat temeritatis solatium, perpetua felicitas.

Jam quadringenta stadia processerant,. Leetus ille hortari nauticos ccepit incumberent remis; adesse finem laboris omnibus votis expetitum; jam nihil gloria deesse, nihil obstare virtuti; sine ullo Martis discrimine, sine sanguine, orbem terrae ab illis capi; ne naturam quidem longiuis posse procedere; brevi incognita nisi immortalibus esse visuros. Paucos tamen navigio emisit in ripam, qui agrestes vagos exciperent, e quibus certiora nosci posse sperabat. Illi scrutati omnia tuguria, tandem latentes reperere. Qyui interrogati quam procul abessent mari responderunt nullum ipsos mare ne fama quidem accepisse; ceterhm tertio die perveniri posse ad aquam amaram, qua corrumperet dulcem.

Intellectum est mare destinari ab ignaris nature ejus. Itaque ingenti alacritate nautici remigant, et proximo quoque die, quo propiuis spes admovebatur, crescebat ardor animorum. Tertio jam die mixtum flumini subibat mare, leni adhuc aestu confundente dispares undas. Tum aliam insulam medio amni sitam evecti paulo lentiihs, quia cursus aestu reverberabatur, applicant classem, et ad comnmeatus petendos discurrunt, securi casus ejus qui supervenit ignaris. Tertia ferme hora erat, cuim stata vice Oceanus exaestuans invehi coepit, et retro flumen urgere.

Quod primo coircitum, deinde vehementiius pulsum, majore impetu adversum agebatur quam torrentia praecipiti alveo incurrunt. Ignota vulgo freti natura erat, monstraque et irae deuim indicia cernere videbantur. Identidem intumescens mare, et in campos paulo ante siccos descendere superfusum. Sed in tumultu festinatio quoque tarda est. Quuidam enavigare properantes, sed non exspectatis qui simul esse debebant, clauda et inhabilia navigia languide moliebantur: Clamor hinc exspectare hinc ire jubentium, dissonaeque voces nusquam idem atque unum tendentium, non oculorum modo usum sed etiam aurium abstulerant.

Ne in gubernatoribus quidem quidquam opis erat, quorum nec exaudiri vox a tumultuantibus poterat, nec imperium a territis incompositisque servari. Ergo collidi inter se naves, abstergerique invicem remi, et alii aliorum navigia urgere cceperunt. Crederes non unius exerciths classem vehi, sed duorum navale inisse certamen. Incutiebantur puppibus prorae; premebantur a sequentibus qui antecedentes turbaverant; jurgantium ira perveniebat etiam ad manus.

Jamque aestus totos circa flumen campos inundaverat, tumulis dumtaxat eminentibus, veluti insulis parvis; in quos plerique trepidi omissis navigiis enare cceperunt. Dispersa classis partim in praealth aqua stabat, qua subsederant valles; partim in vado haerebat, utcumque inaequale terrae fastigium occupaverant undae; cuim subito novus et pristino major terror incutitur. Reciprocari coepit mare, magno tractu aquis in suum fretum recurrentibus, reddebatque terras paulo ant' profundo salo mersas.

Igitur destituta navigia alia praecipitantur in proras,. Strati erant campi sarcinis, armis, avulsarum tabularum remorumque fragmentis. Miles nec egredi in terram, nec in naves subsistere audebat, identidem praesentibus graviora quae sequerentur exspectans. Vix quoe perpetiebantur videre ipsos credebant; in sicco naufragia, in amni mare: Beluae quoque fluctibus destitutae, terribiles vagabantur.

Jamque nox appetebat, et regem quoque desperatio salutis aegritudine affecerat. Non tamen invictum animum curae obruunt, quin tota nocte persideret in speculis, equitesque praemitteret ad os amnis, ut cuim mare rursuis exaestuare sensissent praecederent. QOui primo, aquis leni tractu subeuntibus, ccepit levare navigia; mox totis campis inundans, etiam impulit classem; plaususque militum nauticorumque, insperatam salutem immodico celebrantium gaudio, litoribus ripisque resonabat. Unde tantum redisset subito mare?

Rex cuim ex eo quod acciderat conjectaret post solis ortum statum tempus esse, de media nocte, ut aesturn occuparet, cum paucis navigiis secundo amne defluxit: Hinc adversum flumen subit classis; et altero die appulsa est haud procul lacu salso, cujus incognita natura plerosque decepit temere ingressos aquam; quippe scabies corpora invasit, et contagium morbi etiam in alios vulgatum est. Leonnato deinde prammisso ut puteos foderet, qua terrestri itinere ducturus exercitumn videbatur quippe sicca erat regio , ipse cum copiis substitit, vernum tempus exspectans.

Interim et urbes portusque condidit. Nearcho atque Onesicrito, nauticae rei peritis, imperavit, ut validissimas navium deducerent in Oceanum, progressique quoad tuto possent, naturam maris noscerent: Jamque mitigata hieme, et navibus qux inutiles videbantur crematis, terra ducebat exercitum Haud multo post Nearchus et Onesicritus, quos longiis in Oceanum procedere jusserat, superveniunt. Nuntiabant autem quaedam audita, alia comperta: Cetera incolis crediderant; inter que Rubrum mare non a colore undarum, ut plerique crederent, sed ab Erythro rege appellari; esse haud procul a continenti insulam palmis frequentibus consitam, et in.

Adjiciebant, navigia quae lixas mercatoresque vexissent, famam auri secutis gubernatoribus, in insulam esse transmissa, nec deinde ab his postea visa. Rex cognoscendi plura cupidine accensus, rursius eos terram legere jubet, donec ad Euphratem appellerent classem; inde adverso amne Babylonem subituros. Ipse animo infinita complexus statuerat, omni ad Orientem maritima regione perdomita, ex Syria petere Africam, Karthagini infensus; inde Numidiae solitudinibus peragratis, cursum Gades dirigere - ibi namque columnas Herculis esse fama vulgaverat; Hispanias dejnde, quam Iberiam Graeci a flumine Ibero vocabant, adire; et praetervehi Alpes, Italiaeque oram, unde in Epirum brevis cursus est.

Igitur Mesopotamiao praetoribus imperavit, materia in Libano monte caesa devectaque ad urbem Syrioa Thapsacum, septingentarum carinas navium ponere; septiremes omnes esse, deducique Babyloniam: Cypriorum regibus imperatum, ut aos stupamque et vela preeberent. Maoror tamen circumstantium lectum eminebat. Quos ut aspexit, "Invenietis" inquit "cum excessero, dignum talibus viris regem?

Quaerentibus his " cui relinqueret regnum? Ac primo ploratu lamentisque et planctibus tota regia personabat: Nobiles pueri, custodiae corporis ejus assueti, nec doloris magnitudinem capere nec se ipsos intra vestibulum regiae tenere potuerunt; vagique et furentibus similes totam urbem luctu ac maerore compleverant; nullis questibus omissis quos in tali casu dolor suggerit. Erg6 qui extra regiam astiterant Macedones pariter barbarique concurrunt, nec poterant victi a victoribus in communi dolore discerni.

Persoe justissimum ac mitissimum dominum, Macedones optimum ac fortissimum regem invocantes, certamen quoddam maxroris edebant. Nec maestorum soluim, sed etiam indignantium voces exaudiebantur, tam viridem, et in flore etatis fortunmque, invidia deuim ereptum esse rebus humanis. Vigor ejus et vultus educentis in prcelium milites, obsidentis urbes, eva.

Tum Macedones divinos honores negasse ei pcenitebat; impiosque et ingratos fuisse se confitebantur, quod aures ejus debita appellatione fraudassent. Et cuim diu nunc in veneratione nunc in desiderio regis haesissent, in ipsos versa miseratio est. Macedonia profecti ultra Euphratem, in mediis hostibus novum imperium aspernantibus, destitutos se esse cernebant: Bella deinde civilia, quae secuta sunt, mentibus augurabantur: Has cogitationes volventibus nox supervenit terroremque auxit.

Milites in armis vigilabant; Babylonii, alius e muris alius culmine sui quisque tecti, prospectabant quasi certiora visuri. Nec quisquam lumina audebat accendere. Et quia oculorum cessabat usus, fremitus vocesque auribus captabant; ac plerumque vano metu territi, per obscuras semitas alius alii occursantes, invicem suspecti ac solliciti ferebantur.

Persea, comis suo more detonsis, in lugubri veste, cum conjugibus ac liberis, non ut victorem et modo hostem, sed ut gentis sua justissimum regem, vero desiderio lugebant. Assueti sub rege vivere, non alium qui imperaret ipsis digniorem fuisse confitebantur. Nec muris urbis luctus continebatur, sed proximam regionem ab ea, deinde magnam partem Asike. Ad Darii quoque matrem celeriter perlata est. Abscisa ergo veste qua induta erat, lugubrem sumpsit; laceratisque crinibus humi corpus abjecit. Assidebat ei altera ex neptibus, nuper amissum Hephaostionem cui nupserat lugens, propriasque causas doloris in communi m astiti.

Sed omnium suorum mala Sisygambis una capiebat. Illa suam, illa neptium vicem flebat. Recens dolor etiam praeterita revocaverat. Crederes modo amissum Darium, et pariter miserao duorum filiorum exsequias esse ducendas. Flebat simul mortuos vivosque. Quem enim puellarum acturum esse curam? Qui mortuo Dario ipsas tueretur, reperisse; qui post Alexandrum respiceret, utique non reperturas. Subibat inter haec animum, octoginta fratres suos eodem die ab Ocho saevissimo regum trucidatos, adjectumque stragi tot filiorum patrem; e septem liberis, quos genuisset ipsa, unum superesse; ipsum Darium floruisse paulisper, ut crudeliuis posset extingui.

Ad ultimum dolori succubuit, obvolutoque capite assidentes genibus suis neptem nepotemque aversata, cibo pariter abstinuit et luce. Quinto postquam mori statuerat die extincta est. Magnum profecto Alexandro indulgentiae in eam, justitiaque in omnes captivos, documentum est mors hujus: Et hercule juste aestimantibus regem liquet, bona naturao ejus fuisse; vitia vel fortunas, vel aotatis. Vis incredibilis animi; laboris patientia propemoduim nimia; fortitudo non inter reges modo. Nam iracundiam et cupidinem vini sicuti juventa irritaverat, ita senectus mitigare potuisset. Fatendum est tamen, cuim plurimum virtuti debuerit, plus debuisse fortunas, quam solus omnium mortalium in potestate habuit.

QOuoties illum a morte revocavit? Vitae quoque finem eumdem illi quem gloriae statuit. Exspectavere eum fata, dum Oriente perdomito, aditoque Oceano, quidquid mortalitas capiebat, impleret. Itaque nomen quoque ejus, et fama rerum, in totum propemoduim orbem reges ac regna diffudit; clarissimique sunt habiti, qui etiam minimae parti tantae fortunae adheeserunt.

Hannibal, Hamilcaris filius, Karthaginiensis. Si verum est, quod nemo dubitat, ut populus Romanus omnes gentes virtute superarit, non est infitiandum, HIannibalem tanto prnestitisse ceteros imperatores prudentia, quanto populus Romanus antecedat fortitudine cunctas nationes. Nam quotiescumque cum eo congressus est in Italia, semper discessit superior.

Qu6d nisi domi civium suorum invidia debilitatus esset, Romanos videretur superare potuisse. Sed multorum obtrectatio devicit unius virtutem. Hic autem, velut hereditate relictum, odium paternum erga Romanos sic conservavit, ut priuis animum quam id deposuerit; qui quidem, cum patria pulsus esset, et alienarum opum indigeret, numquam destiterit animo bellare cum Romanis. Nam, ut omittam Philippum, quem absens hostem reddidit Romanis; omnium his temporibus potentissimus rex Antiochus fuit. Hunc tanta cupiditate incendit bellandi, ut usque a Rubro mari arma conatus sit inferre Italiae.

Quae divina res dum conficiebatur, quaesivit a me, vellemne secum in castra proficisci? Id cuim libenter accepissem, atque ab eo petere ccepissem ne dubitaret ducere, tum ille'Faciam,' inquit'si fidem mihi quam postulo dederis. Id ego jusjurandum patri datum usque ad hanc aetatem ita conservavi, ut nemini dubium esse debeat quin reliquo tempore eadem mente sim-futurus.

Quare, si quid amice de Romanis cogitabis, non imprudenter feceris si me celaris; ciim quidem bellum parabis, te ipsum frustraberis si non me in eo principem posueris.

Hoc quoque interfecto, exercitus summam imperii ad eum detulit. Id, Karthaginem delatum, publice comprobatum est. Sic Hannibal, minor quinque et viginti annis natus, imperator factus, proximo triennio omnes gentes Hispaniae bello subegit: Saguntum fcederatam civitatern vi expugnavit; tres exercitus maximos comparavit. Ex his unum in Africam misit, alterum cum Hasdrubale fratre in Hispania. Quacumque iter fecit, cum omnibus incolis conflixit; neminem nisi victum dimisit. Ad Alpes posteaquam venit, que Italiam ab Gallia sejungunt, quas nemo umquam cum exercitu ante eum, praeter Herculem Graium, transierat quo facto is hodie saltus Graius appellatur , Alpicos conantes prohibere transitu concidit; loca patefecit; itinera muniit; effecit ut ea elephantus ornatus ire posset, qua anteh unus homo inermis vix poterat repere.

Hac copias traduxit, in Italiamque pervenit. Conflixerat apud Rhodanum cum P. Cornelio Scipione consule, eumque pepulerat. Cum hoc eodem Clastidi apud Padum decernit, sauciumque inde ac fugatum dimittit.

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Terti6 idem Scipio, cum collega Tiberio Longo, apud Trebiam adversus eum venit: Inde per Ligures Apenninum transit, petens Etruriam. Hoc itinere adeo gravi morbo afficitur oculorum, ut postea numquam dextro aque bene usus sit. Qua valetudine cuim etiam nunc premeretur, lecticaque ferretur, C. Flaminium consulem apud Trasimenum cum exercitu insidiis circumventum occidit; neque multo post C. Centenium pratorem, cum delecta manu saltus occupantem. Hinc in Apuliam pervenit. Ibi obviam ei venerunt duo consules, C.

Utriusque exercitus uno prcelio [Cannensi] fugavit; Paulum consulem occidit, et aliquot praeterea consulares, in his Cn. Servilium Geminum, qui anno superiore fuerat consul.

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Hac pugna pugnata Romam profectus est, nullo. In propinquis urbis montibus moratus est. Cuim aliquot ibi dies castra habuisset, et reverteretur Capuam, Q. Hic clausus locorum angustiis, noctu sine ullo detrimento exercitfis se expedivit: Fabio, callidissimo imperatori, dedit verba: Quo repentino objectu viso, tantum terrorem injecit exercitui Romanorum, ut egredi extra vallum nemo sit ausus.

Hanc post rem gestam non ita multis diebus, M. Minucium Rufum magistrum equitum, pari ac dictatorem imperio, dolo productum in proelium, fugavit. Sempronium Gracchum, iteruim consulem, in Lucanis absens, in insidias inductum sustulit. Claudium Marcellum, quinquies consulem, apud Venusiam pari modo interfecit. Longum est enumerare prcelia. Qyuare hoc unum satis erit dictum, ex quo intelligi possit quantus ille fuerit: Hinc invictus, patriam defensum revocatus, bellum gessit adversuis P. Scipionis filium quem ipse primum apud Rhodanum, iterum apud Padum, tertio apud Trebiam fugerat.

Cum hoc, exhaustis jam patriae facultatibus, cupivit impraesentiarum bellum componere, quo valentior posteat congrederetur. In colloquium convenit; conditiones non convenerunt. Post id factum paucis diebus, apud Zamam cum eodem conflixit: Zama circiter milia passuum trecenta. In hac fuga Numidce, qui simul cum eo ex acie excesserant, insidiati sunt ei; quos non solunm effugit, sed etiam ipsos oppressit.

Adrumeti reliquos e fugh collegit; novis delectibus paucis diebus multos contraxit. Chm in apparando acerrime esset occupatus, Karthaginienses bellum cum Romanis composuerunt. Ille nihilo secius exercitui postea praefuit, resque in Africh gessit, itemque Mago frater ejus, usque ad P. His enim magistratibus legati Karthaginienses Romam venerunt, qui senatui populoque Romano gratias agerent, quod cum his pacem fecissent, ob eamque rem corona aurea eos donarent, simulque peterent ut obsides eorum Fregellis essent, captivique redderentur.

His ex senatfis-consulo responsum est: Hoc responso Karthaginienses cognito, Hannibalem et Magonem domumr revocarunt. Huc ut rediit praetor factus est, postquam rex fuerat anno secundo et vigesimo: In eo magistratu pari diligentia se Hannibal proebuit, ac fuerat in bello. Namque effecit, ex novis vectigalibus non solhm ut esset pecunia quae Romanis ex fcedere penderetur, sed etiam superesset, quae in aerario poneretur. Deinde anno post praeturam, M.

Furio consulibus, Romani legati Karthaginem venerunt. Hac re palam facta, Pceni naves duas quae eum comprehenderent, si possent consequi, miserunt; bona ejus publicarunt; domum a fundamentis disjecerunt; ipsum exsulem judicarunt. At Hannibal, anno tertio postquam domo profugerat, L. Minucio consulibus, cum quinque navibus Africam accessit in finibus Cyren: Huc Magonem fratrem excivit.

Id ubi Poeni resciverunt, Magonem eadem qua fratrem absentem pcena affecerunt. Illi desperatis rebus cum solvissent naves ac vela ventis dedissent, Hannibal ad Antiochum pervenit. De Magonis interitu duplex memoria prodita est: Antiochus autem, si tam in gerendo bello consiliis ejus parere voluisset, quaim in suscipiendo instituerat, propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis de summa imperii dimicasset.

Quem etsi multa stulte conari videbat, tamen nulla deseruit in re. Praefuit paucis navibus quas ex Syria jussus erat in Asiam ducere; hisque adversiis Rhodiorum classem in Pamphylio mari conflixit: Antiocho fugato, verens ne dederetur quod sine dubio accidisset si sui fecisset potestatem , Cretam ad Gortynios venit, ut ibi quo se conferret conside. Vidit autem vir omnium callidissimus magno se fore periculo, nisi quid providisset, propter avaritiam Cretensium: Itaque capit tale consilium: Has, proesentibus principibus, deponit in templo Dianae; simulans se suas fortunas illorum fidei credere.

His in erroremn inductis, statuas aneas quas secum portabat omni sua pecunia complet, easque in propatulo domi abjici-. Gortynii templum magna cura custodiunt, non tam a ceteris quam ab Hannibale, ne ille inscientibus his tolleret, secumque duceret. Sic conservatis suis rebus, Pcenus illusis Cretensibus omnibus ad Prusia'm in Pontum pervenit: Q0uem cuim videret domesticis opibus minus esse robustum, conciliabat ceteros reges, adjungebat bellicosas nationes.

Dissidebat ab eo Pergamenus rex Eumenes, Romanis amicissimus, bellumque inter eos gerebatur et mari et terra': Ad hunc interficiendum, talem iniit rationem. Classe paucis diebus erant decreturi: Imperavit quam plurimas venenatas serpentes vivas colligi, easque in vasa fictilia conjici.

Harum cum confecisset magnam multitudinem, die ipso quo facturus erat navale prcelium classiarios convocat, hisque.

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