Paradoxes (Parallel Dimensions Of Art & Poetry Book 2)

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While sometimes folklore seems to show fairy intrusion into human lands — " Tam Lin " does not show any otherworldly aspects about the land in which the confrontation takes place — at other times the otherworldly aspects are clear. Fantasy writers have taken up the ambiguity.

Some writers depict the land of the elves as a full-blown parallel universe, with portals the only entry — as in Josepha Sherman 's Prince of the Sidhe series or Esther Friesner 's Elf Defense — and others have depicted it as the next land over, possibly difficult to reach for magical reasons — Hope Mirrlees 's Lud-in-the-Mist , or Lord Dunsany 's The King of Elfland's Daughter. In some cases, the boundary between Elfland and more ordinary lands is not fixed.

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Not only the inhabitants but Faerie itself can pour into more mundane regions. Terry Pratchett 's Discworld series proposes that the world of the Elves is a "parasite" universe, that drifts between and latches onto others such as Discworld and our own world referred to as "Roundworld" in the novels. In the young teenage book Mist by Kathryn James , the Elven world lies through a patch of mist in the woods.

It was constructed when the Elven were thrown out of our world. Travel to and fro is possible by those in the know, but can have lethal consequences. Isekai , is a subgenre of Japanese fantasy light novels, manga, anime, and video games revolving around a normal person being transported to or trapped in a parallel universe.

Often, this universe already exists in the protagonist's world as a fictional universe, but it may also be unbeknownst to them. The most famous treatment of the alternative universe concept in film could be considered The Wizard of Oz , which portrays a parallel world, famously separating the magical realm of the Land of Oz from the mundane world by filming it in Technicolor while filming the scenes set in Kansas in sepia.

At times, alternative universes have been featured in small scale independent productions such as Kevin Brownlow and Andrew Mollo's It Happened Here , featuring an alternative United Kingdom which had undergone Operation Sea Lion in and had been defeated and occupied by Nazi Germany. It focused on moral questions related to the professional ethics of Pauline, a nurse forced into Nazi collaboration. Another common use of the theme is as a prison for villains or demons. The idea is used in the first two Superman movies starring Christopher Reeve where Kryptonian villains were sentenced to the Phantom Zone from where they eventually escaped.

An almost exactly parallel use of the idea is presented in the campy cult film The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension , where the "8th dimension" is essentially a "phantom zone" used to imprison the villainous Red Lectroids. Uses in horror films include the film From Beyond based on the H. Lovecraft story of the same name where a scientific experiment induces the experimenters to perceive aliens from a parallel universe, with bad results.

The John Carpenter film Prince of Darkness is based on the premise that the essence of a being described as Satan , trapped in a glass canister and found in an abandoned church in Los Angeles , is actually an alien being that is the 'son' of something even more evil and powerful, trapped in another universe. The protagonists accidentally free the creature, who then attempts to release his "father" by reaching in through a mirror.

Some films present parallel realities that are actually different contrasting versions of the narrative itself. Commonly this motif is presented as different points of view revolving around a central but sometimes unknowable "truth", the seminal example being Akira Kurosawa 's Rashomon. Conversely, often in film noir and crime dramas , the alternative narrative is a fiction created by a central character, intentionally — as in The Usual Suspects — or unintentionally — as in Angel Heart.

Less often, the alternative narratives are given equal weight in the story, making them truly alternative universes, such as in the German film Run Lola Run , the short-lived British West End musical Our House and the British film Sliding Doors. More recent films that have explicitly explored parallel universes are: Frequently Asked Questions , the main character runs away from a totalitarian nightmare, and he enters into a cyber-afterlife alternative reality. The current Star Trek films are set in an alternative universe created by the first film's villain traveling back in time, thus allowing the franchise to be rebooted without affecting the continuity of any other Star Trek film or show.

Paradoxes : Parallel Dimensions of Art and Poetry by P. wagstaff (2011, Paperback)

The science-fiction thriller Source Code employs the concepts of quantum reality and parallel universes. The characters in The Cloverfield Paradox , the third installment of the franchise , accidentally create a ripple in the time-space continuum and travel into an alternate universe, where the monster and the events in the first film transpired. Disney has also experimented with this through some of their animated films such as Robin Hood , A Goofy Movie , Chicken Little and Zootopia , where anthropomorphic animals take on the role of in this case, nonexistent humans and emulating the latter's characteristics, without abandoning their hereditary own.

The idea of parallel universes have received treatment in a number of television series, usually as a single story or episode in a more general science fiction or fantasy storyline. The s TV series Sliders depicts a group of adventurers visiting assorted parallel universes, as they attempt to find their "home" universe.

Included in the 1st season is a universe where the world is stuck in the ice age, with no life anywhere. One of the earliest television plots to feature parallel time was a storyline on soap opera Dark Shadows. Vampire Barnabas Collins found a room in Collinwood which served as a portal to parallel time, and he entered the room in order to escape from his current problems. A year later, the show again traveled to parallel time, the setting this time being A well known and often imitated example is the original Star Trek episode entitled " Mirror, Mirror ".

The episode introduced an alternative version of the Star Trek universe where the main characters were barbaric and cruel to the point of being evil. When the parallel universe concept is parodied , the allusion is often to this Star Trek episode. A previous episode for the Trek series first hinted at the potential of differing reality planes and their occupants , titled " The Alternative Factor ". A mad scientist from "our" universe, named Lazarus B. His counterpart, in a state of paranoia, claims the double threatens his and the very cosmos' existence.

With help from Captain Kirk , A traps B along with him in a "anti"-universe, for eternity, thus bringing balance to both matter oriented realms. A similar plot was used in the Codename: Kids Next Door episode Operation: The mirror universe of Star Trek was further developed by later series in the franchise. In several episodes of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine , the later evolution of the mirror universe is explored. A two-part episode of Star Trek: Enterprise , entitled " In a Mirror, Darkly ", serves as a prequel , introducing the early developments of the Mirror Universe.

In the s young adult British SF series The Tomorrow People , its second-season episode, A Rift in Time March—April pitted the three telepath core characters and allies against time travelling interlopers from an alternative history where the Roman Empire developed the steam engine in the first century CE, had a technological headstart, did not fragment during the fifth century and underwent accelerated technological development.

The Roman eagle standard was planted on the Moon in the fifth century and by its alternative twentieth century, it had mastered interstellar travel, had a galactic empire and time travel. Consequently, the Tomorrow People had to rectify this aberrant timeline by dismantling and disabling the anomalous steam engine.

Multiple episodes of Red Dwarf use the concept. In "Parallel Universe" the crew meet alternative versions of themselves: The next episode, "Ouroboros", makes contact with a timeline in which Kochanski, rather than Lister, was the sole survivor of the original disaster; this alternative Kochanski then joins the crew for the remaining episodes. Buffy the Vampire Slayer experienced a Parallel universe where she was a mental patient in Normal Again and not really "The Slayer" at all.

In the end, she has to choose between a universe where her mother and father are together and alive mother or one with her friends and sister in it where she has to fight for her life daily. Her core-universe allies Xander Harris and Willow Rosenberg had become vampires in that timeline. The plot of the season four episode of Charmed , entitled "Brain Drain", features The Source of All Evil kidnapping Piper Halliwell and forcing her into a deep coma, where she experiences an alternative reality in which the Halliwell manor is actually a mental institution. She and her sisters serve as patients in this universe, their powers only a manifestation of their minds, a ruse put up to trick Piper into willingly relinquishing the sisters' magic.

The animated series, Futurama , had an episode where the characters travel between "Universe 1" and "Universe A" via boxes containing each universe; and one of the major jokes is an extended argument between the two sets of characters over which set were the "evil" ones. The show has gone on to feature the parallel universe prominently. In the season of Lost , the result of characters traveling back in time to prevent the crash of Oceanic Flight apparently creates a parallel reality in which the Flight never crashed, rather than resetting time itself in the characters' original timeline.

The show continued to show two "sets" of the characters following different destinies, until it was revealed in the series finale that there was really only one reality created by the characters themselves to assist themselves in leaving behind the physical world and passing on to an afterlife after their respective deaths. In the anime and manga series of Dragon Ball Z , in the Androids Saga, Future Trunks returns to the past to give Goku medicine to prevent him from dying of a heart disease and warns him of the Androids, in the process creating parallel realities, leading to the appearance of Cell, who killed the same Future Trunks from a different splitting timeline to come back to the main timeline when the Androids are still alive for him to absorb.

Its sequel, Dragon Ball Super , later features separate universes that are in pairs whose numbers add up to the total number of the universe: Previously there were 18 universes, but Zen'o the supreme ruler of the Dragon Ball Multiverse destroyed 6 of them in a rage.

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Previously, Daizenshuu 7 stated that the typical Dragon Ball Universe had only 4 galaxies, but Dragon Ball Super effectively retcons this, where Whis says that the universe contains endless galaxies. The anime Turn A Gundam attempted to combine all the parallel Gundam universes other incarnations of the series, with similar themes but differing stories and characters, that had played out at different times since the debut of the concept in the s of the metaseries into one single reality.

The anime and manga series Eureka Seven: AO takes place in a parallel universe that is different from the one in the series' predecessor Eureka Seven. The E7 series started off in the year , and the AO world, which takes place in the year , would be the home of the two main characters' son. The anime and manga series Katekyo Hitman Reborn! The anime Neon Genesis Evangelion features a parallel world in one of the final episodes.

This parallel world is a sharp contrast to the harsh, dark "reality" of the show and presents a world where all the characters enjoy a much happier life. This parallel world would become the basis for the new Evangelion manga series Angelic Days. The anime series Bakugan features a parallel universe called Vestroia and is the homeworld of fantastic creatures called Bakugan. The series' hero Dan Kuso alongside his friends and teammates must save Earth and Vestroia from total destruction.

They go to another dimension or universe through a pathway.

The other universe has also other life forms and other types of technology. In another anime series, Digimon , there is parallel universe called "digital world". The show's child protagonists meet digital monsters, or digimon, from this world and becomes partners and friends. In the third story arc of Digimon Fusion , the Clockmaker who is later revealed to be Bagramon and his partner Clockmon travel through space-time to recruit heroes from previous series so they can help the Fusion Fighters to defeat Quartzmon before DigiQuartz can absorb each human and digital world in the multiverse.

In the anime series Umineko no Naku Koro ni the rounds of the battle between Battler and Beatrice take place in different dimensions, in order to show all kinds of possibilities much to Battler's dismay also the character Bernkastel is known for her ability to travel into different worlds by the usage of "fragments". In the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode " Parallels ", Lt. Worf traveled to several parallel universes when his shuttlecraft went through a time space fissure. The Community episode Remedial Chaos Theory , six different timelines and one "prime" timeline are explored, each having a different outcome based on which member of the study group goes to get the pizza.

One timeline, dubbed the "Darkest Timeline", results in the greatest amount of terrible incidents and ends with Abed donning a felt goatee bearing resemblance to Spock's in "Mirror, Mirror". In the anime series of Fullmetal Alchemist , there exists a gateway that can be conjured by alchemists that acts as a source of all knowledge and energy; towards the end of the series, it is revealed that this gateway connects the world of the anime with the real world, set during the first decades of the 20th century.

It is revealed that the two worlds shared a common history until their histories diverged , apparently due to the success of alchemy in one world and that of modern physics in the other. Sometimes a television series will use parallel universes as an ongoing subplot.

Deep Space Nine , Star Trek: Enterprise and Star Trek: Discovery elaborated on the premise of the original series' "Mirror" universe and developed multi-episode story arcs based on the premise. The New Adventures of Superman. Following the precedent set by Star Trek , these story arcs show alternative universes that have turned out "worse" than the "original" universe: Clark eventually becomes Superman, with help from the "original" Lois Lane, but he is immediately revealed as Clark Kent and so has no life of his own.

In addition to following Star Trek's lead, showing the "evil" variants of the main storyline gives the writers an opportunity to show what is at stake by portraying the worst that could happen and the consequences if the protagonists fail or the importance of a character's presence. Once Upon a Time often talks about alternative realms or universes in which all different forms of magic, and non-magic may occur, depending on the realm. According to the Mad Hatter Sebastian Stan , they "touch each other in a long line of lands, each just as real as the last.

In the season 1 finale of The Flash , the Reverse-Flash opens a singularity that connects his world to a parallel universe called Earth In the second season, The Flash starts facing villains from that earth who also have doppelgangers on Prime Earth sent by Zoom. Light ; all are sent by Zoom to kill The Flash with the assurance of being taken back home.

However, they are not the only ones who arrive from the singularity; this also includes the Earth-2 Flash after a close death and loss of speed from a confrontation with Zoom. When The Flash starts having a hard time facing off against Sand Demon, he frees Jay so that he could help him as well as train him in his speed. With a new trick taught by Jay, Barry defeats Sand Demon. When Jay confronts and sees Wells again, the argument gets heated between them before Barry intercedes. The "Alf Stewart Rape Dungeon" series, created by artist Mr Doodleburger, uses footage from the Australian TV drama show Home and Away , but through the use of clever overlaid audio tracks, casts one of the main characters of the show, long running character Alf Stewart as a vicious violent character in a parallel version of Home and Away.

Parallel universes in modern comics have become particularly rich and complex, in large part due to the continual problem of continuity faced by the major two publishers, Marvel Comics and DC Comics. The two publishers have used the multiverse concept to fix problems arising from integrating characters from other publishers into their own canon, and from having major serial protagonists having continuous histories lasting, as in the case of Superman , over 70 years. Additionally, both publishers have used new alternative universes to re-imagine their own characters.

DC Comics inaugurated its multiverse in the early s, with the reintroduction of Golden Age superheroes the Justice Society of America now located on Earth-Two , and devised a "mirror universe" scenario of inverted morality and supervillain domination of Earth-Three shortly afterward, several years before Star Trek devised its own darker alternative universe. There was a lull before DC inaugurated additional alternative universes in the seventies, such as Earth-X, where there was an Axis victory in World War II , Earth-S, home to the Fawcett Comics superheroes of the forties and fifties, such as Captain Marvel , and Earth-Prime, where superheroes only existed in fictional forms.

Therefore, comic books in general are one of the few entertainment mediums where the concept of parallel universes are a major and ongoing theme. DC in particular periodically revisits the idea in major crossover storylines, such as Crisis on Infinite Earths and Infinite Crisis , where Marvel has a series called What If DC's version of "What If DC Comics series 52 heralded the return of the Multiverse.

The aim was to yet again address many of the problems and confusions brought on by the Multiverse in the DCU. Countdown and Countdown Presents: Marvel has also had many large crossover events which depicted an alternative universe, many springing from events in the X-Men books, such as 's Days of Future Past , 's Age of Apocalypse , and 's House Of M. In addition the Squadron Supreme is a DC inspired Marvel Universe that has been used several times, often crossing over into the mainstream Universe in the Avengers comic.

Exiles is an offshoot of the X-Men franchise that allows characters to hop from one alternative reality to another, leaving the original, main Marvel Universe intact.

The Marvel UK line has long had multiverse stories including the Jaspers' Warp storyline of Captain Britain 's first series it was here that the designation Earth was first applied to the mainstream Marvel Universe. Marvel Comics, as of , launched their most popular parallel universe, the Ultimate Universe. The graphic novel Watchmen is set in an alternative history, in a where superheroes exist, the Vietnam War was won by the United States, and Richard Nixon is in his fifth term as President of the United States. The Soviet Union and the United States are still locked in an escalating "Cold War" as in our own world, but as the Soviet Union invades Afghanistan in this world and threatens Pakistan, nuclear war may be imminent.

In , Tammy published The Clock and Cluny Jones , where a mysterious grandfather clock hurls bully Cluny Jones into a harsh alternative reality where she becomes the bullied. This story was reprinted in Misty annual as Grandfather's Clock. In , Misty published The Sentinels. The Sentinels were two crumbling apartment blocks that connected the mainstream world with an alternative reality where Hitler conquered Britain in In , Jinty published Worlds Apart.

Six girls experience alternative worlds ruled by greed, sports-mania, vanity, crime, intellectualism, and fear. These are in fact their dream worlds becoming real after they are knocked out by a mysterious gas from a chemical tanker that crashed into their school. In Jinty also published Land of No Tears where a lame girl travels to a future world where people with things wrong with them are cruelly treated, and emotions are banned.

The parallel universe concept has also appeared prominently in the Sonic the Hedgehog comic series from Archie Comics.

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The first and most oft-recurring case of this is another "mirror universe" where Sonic and his various allies are evil or anti-heroic while the counterpart of the evil Dr. Another recurring universe featured in the series is a perpendicular dimension that runs through all others, known as the No Zone. The inhabitants of this universe monitor travel between the others, often stepping in with their Zone Cop police force to punish those who travel without authorization between worlds. In more recent years, the comic has adapted the alternative dimension from the video games Sonic Rush and Sonic Rush Adventure , home to Sonic's ally Blaze the Cat.

The continuities seen in various other Sonic franchises also exist in the comic, most notably those based on the cartoon series Sonic Underground and Sonic X. For some years, a number of other universes were also featured that parodied various popular franchises, such as Sailor Moon , Godzilla , and various titles from Marvel Comics. Archie has also used this concept as the basis for crossovers between Sonic and other titles that they publish, including Sabrina the Teenage Witch and Mega Man. The various Transformers comics also feature the parallel universe concept, and feature the various continuities from different branches of the franchise as parallel worlds that occasionally make contact with each other.

Quite notably, the annual Botcon fan convention introduced a comic storyline that featured Cliffjumper , an Autobot from the original Transformers series, entering an alternative universe where his fellow Autobots are evil and the Decepticons are good. This universe is known as the "Shattered Glass" universe, and continued on in comics and text based stories after its initial release. In The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time after the main protagonist, Link, defeats the dark lord, Ganon, he travels back in time to his childhood.

But as the atom was mapped in the early part of the twentieth century, researchers realised that the atom itself was more like a cloud than a speck of dust, a cloud that was largely empty space - a tiny field of energy bounded by the shifting trajectories of electrons, neutrons, protons and other sub-atomic forces.

The things we bump into, the hammer that hits the nail or our thumb and the chair we sit on, are quite literally condensations of space that happen to reflect, refract or transmit light, and thus be visible to one apparatus or another, including the human eye. The mystery as to how indeterminate minds can be at the same time congealed-jelly-like brains, is only slightly more puzzling than how clouds of sub-atomic forces in vast numbers of almost empty porous bubbles can be at the same time a turnip.

The other paradoxical feature of atoms, hardly believable, is that despite their smallness and delicate cloud-like fuzziness, they are remarkably durable.

It is almost certainly the case that every atom in my body, or yours, has passed through many stars and been part of millions of other organisms before becoming me or you and passing on to be part of countless other entities. These characteristics of atoms and their sub-atomic constituents raise obvious questions about our own sense of self-ownership, self-identity and solidity. Monuments to every moment, refuse of every moment, used: In removing our illusions we have removed the substance, for indeed we have seen that substance is one of the greatest of our illusions.

The poet, Robin Blaser, argues that one of the tasks of poetry and the other arts is to make manifest, or demonstrate, the doubled actuality of the world as stuff and light, presenting the world as a confluence of energies and forces that have no fixed boundaries - an indeterminate and transparent field of forces. He argues that while traditional western philosophy has used a variety of dialectical methods to identify or construct positive ideas, positions, theories or identities, negative dialectics has no such purpose.

Indeed even negative dialectics itself is not to be considered as a theoretical standpoint, but rather as a method for establishing or realising the fluidity and indefiniteness of all standpoints or identities — a method for demonstrating that no concept or standpoint constitutes an essential truth or autonomous identity. Thus all truths, standpoints and theories imply or invite contradiction.

Parallel universes in fiction - Wikipedia

By implication, indefiniteness, what Adorno calls, non-identity , and contradictoriness are integral qualities of reality — or whatever cognitive field we take for reality. I am interested in the shape of ideas. There is a wonderful sentence in Augustine: Do not presume; one of the thieves was damned. It is the shape that matters.

Parallel universes in fiction

Existence consists of a web of mutually dependent or relational phenomena — none of which have any autonomous identity or self-existence. They are empty or void of self-existence - what Adorno may mean by his term, nonidentity. Perhaps, having linked ideas from physics, poetics, Adorno, Beckett and Madhyamika Buddhism, we should make another sideways leap to consider a kind of dialectical method employed by G. Chesterton, the half-forgotten eccentric metaphysician and author of the Father Brown stories. Chesterton, in his various guises as novelist, short- story writer, poet and Catholic apologist, explores the supreme paradox: He is a masterful logician and sceptical believer who uses reason to undo reasonable assumptions.

This form is common in howlers. For example, consider a situation in which a father and his son are driving down the road. The car crashes into a tree and the father is killed. The boy is rushed to the nearest hospital where he is prepared for emergency surgery. Upon entering the surgery-suite, the surgeon says, "I can't operate on this boy.

The apparent paradox is caused by a hasty generalization , for if the surgeon is the boy's father, the statement cannot be true. The paradox is resolved if it is revealed that the surgeon is a woman — the boy's mother. Paradoxes which are not based on a hidden error generally occur at the fringes of context or language , and require extending the context or language in order to lose their paradoxical quality.

Paradoxes that arise from apparently intelligible uses of language are often of interest to logicians and philosophers. Russell's paradox , which shows that the notion of the set of all those sets that do not contain themselves leads to a contradiction, was instrumental in the development of modern logic and set theory. Thought-experiments can also yield interesting paradoxes. The grandfather paradox , for example, would arise if a time-traveler were to kill his own grandfather before his mother or father had been conceived, thereby preventing his own birth.

This is a specific example of the more general observation of the butterfly effect , or that a time-traveller's interaction with the past — however slight — would entail making changes that would, in turn, change the future in which the time-travel was yet to occur, and would thus change the circumstances of the time-travel itself. Often a seemingly paradoxical conclusion arises from an inconsistent or inherently contradictory definition of the initial premise.

In the case of that apparent paradox of a time-traveler killing his own grandfather, it is the inconsistency of defining the past to which he returns as being somehow different from the one which leads up to the future from which he begins his trip, but also insisting that he must have come to that past from the same future as the one that it leads up to. Quine distinguished between three classes of paradoxes: Chesterton , among many others. But one must not think ill of the paradox, for the paradox is the passion of thought, and the thinker without the paradox is like the lover without passion: But the ultimate potentiation of every passion is always to will its own downfall, and so it is also the ultimate passion of the understanding to will the collision, although in one way or another the collision must become its downfall.

This, then, is the ultimate paradox of thought: A paradoxical reaction to a drug is the opposite of what one would expect, such as becoming agitated by a sedative or sedated by a stimulant. Some are common and are used regularly in medicine, such as the use of stimulants such as Adderall and Ritalin in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder also known as ADHD while others are rare and can be dangerous as they are not expected, such as severe agitation from a benzodiazepine.

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