Franklin Delano Roosevelts Weg nach Pearl Harbor (German Edition)

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It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.

American Rhetoric: Franklin Delano Roosevelt - Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation ()

The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.

Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.

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Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.

And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.

As Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense.

But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger.

With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God.

He sought to re-assure the public that steps were being taken to ensure their safety, noting his own role as "Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy" the United States Air Force was at this time part of the U. Army and declaring that he had already "directed that all measures be taken for our defense".

Roosevelt also made a point of emphasizing that "our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger" and highlighted reports of Japanese attacks in the Pacific between Hawaii and San Francisco. In so doing, he sought to silence the isolationist movement which had campaigned so strongly against American involvement in the war in Europe.

Infamy Speech

If the territory and waters of the continental United States—not just outlying possessions such as the Philippines—was seen as being under direct threat, isolationism would become an unsustainable course of action. Roosevelt's speech had the desired effect, with only one Representative Jeannette Rankin voting against the declaration of war he sought; the wider isolationist movement collapsed almost immediately.

The speech's "infamy" line is often misquoted as "a day that will live in infamy". However, Roosevelt quite deliberately chose to emphasize the date —December 7, —rather than the day of the attack, a Sunday, which he mentioned only in the last line when he said, " Sunday, December 7th, , He sought to emphasize the historic nature of the events at Pearl Harbor, implicitly urging the American people never to forget the attack and memorialize its date. Notwithstanding, the term "day of infamy" has become widely used by the media to refer to any moment of supreme disgrace or evil.

Roosevelt's speech had an immediate and long-lasting impact on American politics. Thirty-three minutes after he finished speaking, Congress declared war on Japan, with only one Representative, Jeannette Rankin , voting against the declaration. The speech was broadcast live by radio and attracted the largest audience in US radio history, with over 81 percent of American homes tuning in to hear the President.

Judge Samuel Irving Rosenman , who served as an adviser to Roosevelt, described the scene:.

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It was a most dramatic spectacle there in the chamber of the House of Representatives. On most of the President's personal appearances before Congress, we found applause coming largely from one side—the Democratic side. But this day was different. The applause, the spirit of cooperation, came equally from both sides. The new feeling of unity which suddenly welled up in the chamber on December 8, the common purpose behind the leadership of the President, the joint determination to see things through, were typical of what was taking place throughout the country.

The White House was inundated with telegrams praising the president's stance "On that Sunday, we were dismayed and frightened, but your unbounded courage pulled us together. Recruiting stations were jammed with a surge of volunteers, and had to go on hour duty to deal with the crowds seeking to sign up, in numbers reported to be twice as high as after Woodrow Wilson's declaration of war in The anti-war and isolationist movement collapsed in the wake of the speech, with even the president's fiercest critics falling into line. Charles Lindbergh , who had been a leading isolationist, declared:.

Now [war] has come and we must meet it as united Americans regardless of our attitude in the past toward the policy our Government has followed. Our country has been attacked by force of arms, and by force of arms we must retaliate. We must now turn every effort to building the greatest and most efficient Army, Navy and Air Force in the world.

Roosevelt's framing of the Pearl Harbor attack became, in effect, the standard American narrative of the events of December 7, Hollywood enthusiastically adopted the narrative in a number of war films. Wake Island , the Academy Award -winning Air Force and the films Man from Frisco , and Betrayal from the East , all included actual radio reports of the pre-December 7 negotiations with the Japanese, reinforcing the message of enemy duplicity. Across the Pacific , Salute to the Marines , and Spy Ship , used a similar device, relating the progress of US—Japanese relations through newspaper headlines.

The theme of American innocence betrayed was also frequently depicted on screen, the melodramatic aspects of the narrative lending themselves naturally to the movies. The President's description of December 7, as "a date which will live in infamy" was borne out; the date very quickly became shorthand for the Pearl Harbor attack in much the same way that November 22, and September 11, became inextricably associated with the assassination of John F.

Kennedy and the September 11 attacks , respectively. Twenty-two years later, the continuing resonance of the Infamy Speech was demonstrated following the assassination of John F. Kennedy , which many commentators also compared with Pearl Harbor in terms of its lasting impression on many worldwide. Sixty years later, the continuing resonance of the Infamy Speech was demonstrated following the September 11 attacks , which many commentators also compared with Pearl Harbor in terms of its lasting impression on many worldwide.

Pearl Harbour. An Overview

Language, Politics and Counter-terrorism that "there [was] a deliberate and sustained effort" on the part of the George W. Bush administration to "discursively link September 11, to the attack on Pearl Harbor itself", [32] both by directly invoking Roosevelt's Infamy Speech [33] and by re-using the themes employed by Roosevelt in his speech. In Bush's speech to the nation on September 11, , he contrasted the "evil, despicable acts of terror" with the "brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity" that America represented in his view.

Rosenberg notes rhetorical efforts to link the conflicts of and by re-utilizing Second World War terminology of the sort used by Roosevelt, such as using the term "axis" to refer to America's enemies as in " Axis of Evil ". An annotated version of the speech, showing the original wording "a date which will live in world history". From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

FDR Pearl Harbor speech. Section of the infamy speech with famous phrase.

Roosevelt signing the declaration of war against Japan. Dietrich, In the shadow of the rising sun: Smelser , in Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity , p. University of California Press, Sage Publications Inc, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,

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