Nouvelles réflexions (French Edition)

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France built an imposing fortress at Louisbourg to protect its fishing zones, land and commercial trade with the colony. Some seigneurs lived in the territory of Canada. A high birthrate led to a rapid population increase, which in turn led to the creation of parishes.

Author:Jean-Philippe Rameau

Despite the strictures of mercantilism , two major industries were established: Yet the fur trade still accounted for 70 per cent of the colony's exports. And peace was being used to prepare for war: Much more was spent on constructing European-style fortifications than on strengthening alliances with Aboriginal peoples. Colonial society, influenced by the French elite that led it, modelled itself on the mother country, yet increasingly grew apart from it because of the colony's small population and very different, land-based, economic and geographic circumstances.

Nobles, the middle class, military officers, seigneurs, civil administrators and traders formed a high society which was extremely sensitive to the favours of the colonial authorities. Eighty percent of the population lived on and by the land. Each generation produced new pioneers who cleared and settled land, acclimatized themselves, managed some new territory and came to know their neighbours.

The acquisition of this territory in America by French descendants was characterized by the importance of the land, of inheritance, of economic independence and of analyzed social relationships. France felt that New France cost much and yielded little. The expensive but inconclusive War of the Austrian Succession , which ended in , saw the destruction of French overseas trade by Britain.

The British colonies, with 1. After some spectacular military successes, the result of strategy well adapted to the local terrain, France fell back on the defensive.

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France yielded its colony to England in the Treaty of Paris It was the end, or nearly so, of French political power in America — but not of French presence. France left a great legacy to America: They refused assimilation and affirmed their existence. Protected by their language, religion and institutions, concentrated in a limited geographic area, difficult to penetrate, they developed a way of life, social customs and attitudes of their own.

Leslie Choquette, Frenchmen into Peasants: Modernity and Tradition in the Peopling of French Canada ;. Eccles, The French in North America, ;. Jacques Mathieu, La Nouvelle-France. A cultural history ;.

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Trigger , Natives and Newcomers: Canada's "Heroic Age" Revisited ;. A cultural history , ;. Trigger, Les Indiens, la fourrure et les blancs.

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Marcel Trudel, Histoire de la Nouvelle-France , 3 vol New France, New Horizons An extensive database of images, maps, and other archival material depicts the history of New France from the first voyages of discovery to the end of the French Regime. Par le Dictionnaire biographique du Canada. From the website for the Fort St. Joseph Archaeological Project in the US. From the Canadian Museum of History.

Virtual Museum of New France The fascinating story of New France and its people as revealed through a unique collection of rare historical items from the Canadian Museum of History. Samuel de Champlain Teacher guide for multidisciplinary student investigations into the life of explorer Samuel de Champlain and his role in Canadian history. From the Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Jacques Cartier Teacher guide for multidisciplinary student investigations into the life of explorer Jacques Cartier and his role in Canadian history.

Search The Canadian Encyclopedia. I forgot my password. Accessed 19 December In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Article published September 04, ; last modified September 10, Article by Jacques Mathieu. Sculpted in by French sculptor Paul Chevre, a survival from Titanic wreck, this bronze statue is one of most pictured by tourists in Quebec City.

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