HENRY MEETS PROFESSOR VON JONES - Book 7

Henry Kissinger

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During the American advance into Germany, Kissinger, only a private , was put in charge of the administration of the city of Krefeld , owing to a lack of German speakers on the division's intelligence staff. Within eight days he had established a civilian administration. He was given charge of a team in Hanover assigned to tracking down Gestapo officers and other saboteurs, for which he was awarded the Bronze Star. Although he possessed absolute authority and powers of arrest, Kissinger took care to avoid abuses against the local population by his command.

In , Kissinger was reassigned to teach at the European Command Intelligence School at Camp King and, as a civilian employee following his separation from the army, continued to serve in this role. In , while still a graduate student at Harvard, he served as a consultant to the director of the Psychological Strategy Board. Kissinger remained at Harvard as a member of the faculty in the Department of Government and, with Robert R.

Bowie , co-founded the Center for International Affairs in where he served as associate director. He released his book Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy the following year. He was also director of the Harvard International Seminar between and Keen to have a greater influence on U. A proponent of Realpolitik , Kissinger played a dominant role in United States foreign policy between and This policy led to a significant relaxation in US—Soviet tensions and played a crucial role in talks with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai.

The talks concluded with a rapprochement between the United States and the People's Republic of China, and the formation of a new strategic anti-Soviet Sino-American alignment. The ceasefire, however, was not durable. Negotiations about strategic disarmament were originally supposed to start under the Johnson Administration but were postponed in protest upon the invasion by Warsaw Pact troops of Czechoslovakia in August Kissinger sought to place diplomatic pressure on the Soviet Union. He made two trips to the People's Republic of China in July and October the first of which was made in secret to confer with Premier Zhou Enlai , then in charge of Chinese foreign policy.

His trips paved the way for the groundbreaking summit between Nixon, Zhou, and Communist Party of China Chairman Mao Zedong , as well as the formalization of relations between the two countries, ending 23 years of diplomatic isolation and mutual hostility. The result was the formation of a tacit strategic anti-Soviet alliance between China and the United States.

While Kissinger's diplomacy led to economic and cultural exchanges between the two sides and the establishment of Liaison Offices in the Chinese and American capitals, with serious implications for Indochinese matters, full normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China would not occur until , because the Watergate scandal overshadowed the latter years of the Nixon presidency and because the United States continued to recognize the Republic of China on Taiwan.

Board members were major clients of Kissinger Associates. Kissinger was criticised for not disclosing his role in the venture when called upon by ABC's Peter Jennings to comment the morning after the June 4, , Tiananmen crackdown. Kissinger's position was generally supportive of Deng Xiaoping 's clearance of the square and he opposed economic sanctions.

Kissinger's involvement in Indochina started prior to his appointment as National Security Adviser to Nixon. While still at Harvard, he had worked as a consultant on foreign policy to both the White House and State Department. Kissinger says that "In August I toured Vietnam first for two weeks in October and November , again for about ten days in July , and a third time for a few days in October Lodge gave me a free hand to look into any subject of my choice".

He became convinced of the meaninglessness of military victories in Vietnam, " Nixon had been elected in on the promise of achieving "peace with honor" and ending the Vietnam War. In office, and assisted by Kissinger, Nixon implemented a policy of Vietnamization that aimed to gradually withdraw U.

Kissinger played a key role in bombing Cambodia to disrupt PAVN and Viet Cong units launching raids into South Vietnam from within Cambodia's borders and resupplying their forces by using the Ho Chi Minh trail and other routes, as well as the Cambodian Incursion and subsequent widespread bombing of Khmer Rouge targets in Cambodia. The bombing campaign contributed to the chaos of the Cambodian Civil War , which saw the forces of leader Lon Nol unable to retain foreign support to combat the growing Khmer Rouge insurgency that would overthrow him in Chandler argues that the bombing "had the effect the Americans wanted—it broke the Communist encirclement of Phnom Penh.

For the first time in the history of the Peace Prize, two members left the Nobel Committee in protest. Kissinger was particularly concerned about the expansion of Soviet influence in the Indian Subcontinent as a result of a treaty of friendship recently signed by India and the USSR , and sought to demonstrate to the People's Republic of China Pakistan's ally and an enemy of both India and the USSR the value of a tacit alliance with the United States.

Kissinger sneered at people who "bleed" for "the dying Bengalis" and ignored the first telegram from the United States consul general in East Pakistan, Archer K. Blood , and 20 members of his staff, which informed the US that their allies West Pakistan were undertaking, in Blood's words, "a selective genocide". Henry Kissinger had also come under fire for private comments he made to Nixon during the Bangladesh—Pakistan War in which he described Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi as a " bitch " and a " witch ".

He also said "The Indians are bastards", shortly before the war. According to notes taken by H. Haldeman , Nixon "ordered his aides to exclude all Jewish-Americans from policy-making on Israel", including Kissinger. In , Kissinger did not feel that pressing the Soviet Union concerning the plight of Jews being persecuted there was in the interest of U. In conversation with Nixon shortly after a meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir on March 1, , Kissinger stated, "The emigration of Jews from the Soviet Union is not an objective of American foreign policy, and if they put Jews into gas chambers in the Soviet Union, it is not an American concern.

Maybe a humanitarian concern. That emigration existed at all was due to the actions of "realists" in the White House. Jewish emigration rose from a year in to near 40, in The total in Nixon's first term was more than , To maintain this flow by quiet diplomacy, we never used these figures for political purposes.

The issue became public because of the success of our Middle East policy when Egypt evicted Soviet advisers. To restore its relations with Cairo, the Soviet Union put a tax on Jewish emigration. There was no Jackson—Vanik Amendment until there was a successful emigration effort. Henry Jackson, for whom I had, and continue to have, high regard, sought to remove the tax with his amendment. We thought the continuation of our previous approach of quiet diplomacy was the wiser course.

Events proved our judgment correct. Jewish emigration fell to about a third of its previous high. Documents show that Kissinger delayed telling President Richard Nixon about the start of the Yom Kippur War in to keep him from interfering. According to Kissinger, in an interview in November , he was notified at 6: Israel time that war was imminent, and his urgent calls to the Soviets and Egyptians were ineffective.

He says Golda Meir's decision not to preempt was wise and reasonable, balancing the risk of Israel looking like the aggressor and Israel's actual ability to strike within such a brief span of time. The war began on October 6, , when Egypt and Syria attacked Israel. Kissinger published lengthy telephone transcripts from this period in the book Crisis.

On October 12, under Nixon's direction, and against Kissinger's initial advice, [65] while Kissinger was on his way to Moscow to discuss conditions for a cease-fire, Nixon sent a message to Brezhnev giving Kissinger full negotiating authority. Israel regained the territory it lost in the early fighting and gained new territories from Syria and Egypt, including land in Syria east of the previously captured Golan Heights , and additionally on the western bank of the Suez Canal , although they did lose some territory on the eastern side of the Suez Canal that had been in Israeli hands since the end of the Six-Day War.

Kissinger pressured the Israelis to cede some of the newly captured land back to its Arab neighbors, contributing to the first phases of Israeli—Egyptian non-aggression. The move saw a warming in U. The peace was finalized in when U. President Jimmy Carter mediated the Camp David Accords , during which Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula in exchange for an Egyptian peace agreement that included the recognition of the state of Israel.

Following a period of steady relations between the U. Government and the Greek military regime after , Secretary of State Kissinger was faced with the coup by the Greek junta and the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in July and August Indeed, according to the journalist, [66] the official version of events as told by the State Department was that it felt it had to warn the Greek military regime not to carry out the coup.

The warning had been delivered by July 9, according to repeated assurances from its Athens services, that is, the U. Kissinger was a target of anti-American sentiment which was a significant feature of Greek public opinion at the time—particularly among young people—viewing the U. In a demonstration by students in Heraklion , Crete , [67] [68] soon after the second phase of the Turkish invasion in August , slogans such as "Kissinger, murderer", "Americans get out", "No to Partition" and "Cyprus is no Vietnam" were heard.

Some years later, Kissinger expressed the opinion that the Cyprus issue was resolved in , [69] a position very similar to that held by Turkish prime minister Bulent Ecevit , who had ordered the invasion. The United States continued to recognize and maintain relationships with non-left-wing governments, democratic and authoritarian alike. Kennedy 's Alliance for Progress was ended in In , negotiations over a new settlement for the Panama Canal began, and they eventually led to the Torrijos-Carter Treaties and the handing over of the Canal to Panamanian control.

Kissinger initially supported the normalization of United States-Cuba relations , broken since all U. However, he quickly changed his mind and followed Kennedy's policy. After the involvement of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces in the independence struggles in Angola and Mozambique , Kissinger said that unless Cuba withdrew its forces relations would not be normalized.

Chilean Socialist Party presidential candidate Salvador Allende was elected by a plurality of The Nixon administration, with Kissinger's input, authorized the Central Intelligence Agency CIA to encourage a military coup that would prevent Allende's inauguration, but the plan was not successful.

United States-Chile relations remained frosty during Salvador Allende's tenure, following the complete nationalization of the partially U. The CIA also provided funding for the mass anti-government strikes in and , and extensive black propaganda in the newspaper El Mercurio. The most expeditious way to prevent Allende from assuming office was somehow to convince the Chilean congress to confirm Jorge Alessandri as the winner of the election. Once elected by the congress, Alessandri—a party to the plot through intermediaries—was prepared to resign his presidency within a matter of days so that new elections could be held.

This first, nonmilitary, approach to stopping Allende was called the Track I approach. Previously, Kissinger had helped secure his release from prison, [76] and had chosen to cancel a letter to Chile warning them against carrying out any political assassinations. Popper , said that Pinochet might take as an insult any inference that he was connected with assassination plots.

District Court, citing separation of powers: Allende from coming to power, and the means by which the United States Government sought to effect that goal, implicate policy makers in the murky realm of foreign affairs and national security best left to the political branches. An October investigative report in The Nation broke the story of how, in a June meeting in the Hotel Carrera in Santiago, Kissinger gave the bloody military junta in neighboring Argentina the "green light" for their own clandestine repression against leftwing guerrillas and other dissidents, thousands of whom were kept in more than secret concentration camps before they were executed.

Congress reconvened and had a chance to consider sanctions. As the article published in The Nation noted, as the state-sponsored terror mounted, conservative Republican U. Ambassador to Buenos Aires Robert C. Hill "'was shaken, he became very disturbed, by the case of the son of a thirty-year embassy employee, a student who was arrested, never to be seen again,' recalled former New York Times reporter Juan de Onis. We're interested in this case. In a letter to The Nation editor Victor Navasky , protesting publication of the article, Kissinger claimed that: Shlaudeman later disagreed with Kissinger, telling the oral historian William E.

Bob Hill, who was Ambassador then in Buenos Aires, a very conservative Republican politician -- by no means liberal or anything of the kind, began to report quite effectively about what was going on, this slaughter of innocent civilians, supposedly innocent civilians -- this vicious war that they were conducting, underground war.

He, at one time in fact, sent me a back-channel telegram saying that the Foreign Minister, who had just come for a visit to Washington and had returned to Buenos Aires, had gloated to him that Kissinger had said nothing to him about human rights. I don't know -- I wasn't present at the interview. Navasky later wrote in his book about being confronted by Kissinger, "'Tell me, Mr.

Navasky,' [Kissinger] said in his famous guttural tones, 'how is it that a short article in a obscure journal such as yours about a conversation that was supposed to have taken place years ago about something that did or didn't happen in Argentina resulted in sixty people holding placards denouncing me a few months ago at the airport when I got off the plane in Copenhagen?

According to declassified state department files, Kissinger also attempted to thwart the Carter Administration's efforts to halt the mass killings by the —83 military dictatorship. According to Smith's autobiography, Kissinger told Smith of Mrs. Kissinger's admiration for him, but Smith stated that he thought Kissinger was asking him to sign Rhodesia's "death certificate". Kissinger, bringing the weight of the United States, and corralling other relevant parties to put pressure on Rhodesia, hastened the end of minority-rule.

The Portuguese decolonization process brought U. Indonesian president Suharto was a strong U. In December , Suharto discussed the invasion plans during a meeting with Kissinger and President Ford in the Indonesian capital of Jakarta. Both Ford and Kissinger made clear that U. Finally on December 7 Indonesian forces invaded the former Portuguese colony. According to Ben Kiernan , the invasion and occupation resulted in the deaths of nearly a quarter of the Timorese population from to In February Kissinger considered launching air strikes against ports and military installations in Cuba, as well as deploying Marine battalions based at the US Navy base at Guantanamo Bay , in retaliation for Cuban President Fidel Castro 's decision in late to send troops to Angola to help the newly independent nation fend off attacks from South Africa and right-wing guerrillas.

Kissinger continued to participate in policy groups, such as the Trilateral Commission , and to maintain political consulting, speaking, and writing engagements. After Kissinger left office in , he was offered an endowed chair at Columbia University. There was student opposition to the appointment, which became a subject of media commentary. In , with the help of a loan from the international banking firm of E. From to , Kissinger served on the board of directors for Freeport-McMoRan , a multinational copper and gold producer with significant mining and milling operations in Papua , Indonesia.

Ronald Bilius Weasley

From —, Kissinger served as chairman of the board of trustees of Eisenhower Fellowships. In , upon his departure from Eisenhower Fellowships, he received the Dwight D. Eisenhower Medal for Leadership and Service. In November , he was appointed by President George W. Kissinger—along with William Perry , Sam Nunn , and George Shultz —has called upon governments to embrace the vision of a world free of nuclear weapons, and in three Wall Street Journal op-eds proposed an ambitious program of urgent steps to that end.

The four have created the Nuclear Security Project to advance this agenda. In , the four were featured in a documentary film entitled " Nuclear Tipping Point ". The film is a visual and historical depiction of the ideas laid forth in the Wall Street Journal op-eds and reinforces their commitment to a world without nuclear weapons and the steps that can be taken to reach that goal. In December , Kissinger was given the American Patriot Award by the National Defense University Foundation "in recognition for his distinguished career in public service.

Southern Command headquartered at NDU had not only been a member of Pinochet's DINA death squad operation the same organization responsible for the car bomb murder of former Chilean Foreign Minister Orlando Letelier and American aide Ronni Karpen Moffitt less than a mile from the White House , but was in addition accused of participating in the torture and murder of seven detainees in Chile. The whistleblower , Martin Edwin Andersen, was not only a senior staff member who earlier—as a senior advisor for policy planning at the Criminal Division of the U.

Department of Justice—was the first national security whistleblower to receive the U. Office of Special Counsel's "Public Servant Award," but was also the same person who broke the story in The Nation on Kissinger's "green light" for Argentina's dirty "war. On November 17, , Kissinger met with then President-elect Donald Trump during which they discussed global affairs.

One does not expect the president to become that, but it's conceivable Kissinger said that Putin "thought—wrongly incidentally—that she would be extremely confrontational I think he tried to weaken the incoming president [Clinton]". He is stopped by Short Round, who burns him with a torch, releasing him from the Black Sleep of Kali. He atones for his crimes by telling Short Round how he, Indiana, and Willie can escape from the mines. He also apparently alerts British troops about the recent events, as he is seen among them when they arrive to battle the Thuggee after Mola Ram's death.

In an early script of the film, Singh was set to have a more important role, but the script was scrapped.

Friedrich Hayek

Mola Ram Amrish Puri is the Thuggee high priest. He has made Pankot Palace his lair and wants to use the five Sankara Stones to set up the reign of Kali. To that end, Mola Ram enslaves the children of a village that had one of the Stones the taking of it bringing his total to three. They mine for the other two and for gems to fund his cause in catacombs underneath the palace. Indiana eventually confronts Mola Ram over a nearby gorge, calling on the power of Shiva to use the Stones against the evil cleric, who is burned by them and falls into the river, where he is devoured by crocodiles.

In the novelization Ram's death is the same, but he returns to normal when he burns his hand on the stone; Indy tries to pull him to safety, but Ram falls to his death. Mola Ram is named after an 18th-century Indian painter. Puri was chosen as Spielberg and Lucas did not want to cast a European actor and apply dark make-up. In an early script of the movie, the burning Sankara Stones actually release Mola Ram from the same "Black Sleep of the Kali Ma" he inflicts on Jones before falling to his death, hinting that he may not have been in control of his actions.

It was also intended that Mola Ram, after falling from the bridge, be killed by landing on the embankment below, followed by the crocodiles tearing apart his corpse. However, this script was scrapped and rejected. A 6-inch action figure and an unpainted metal miniature of Mola Ram was released in The Chief Guard Pat Roach is the ruthless, coldhearted commander of Mola Ram 's Thuggee guards and also helped oversee the enslaved children in the mines that were under Pankot Palace in After releasing the children from the mines, Indy fought the chief on a conveyor belt leading to a rock crusher.

Indy escaped, but the guard's sash became caught in the crusher's gears and he was dragged in and crushed to death. He is alerted to the evil of Pankot Palace apparently by Little Maharajah to deal with the remaining Thuggees, his men kill them so Indy and Willie can escape. In an early draft of the film, Blumburtt was set to have a more important role, but the draft was rejected.

David Niven was considered to play the role of Blumburtt, but died before production, so Philip Stone from The Shining , then Delbert Grady , caught Spielberg's eye and was cast instead. Hardy is Indiana's fellow Boy Scout in the prologue, who brings Indiana to the Sheriff 's attention after his battle with outlaws for the Cross of Coronado.

Garth , also known as Fedora Richard Young , is a treasure hunter who appears in the prologue. Garth is the leader of a treasure hunter gang who find the Cross of Coronado which is stolen by a teenage Jones. Garth and his men pursue Jones by car and follow him on a train. Garth saves Jones' life when Jones falls into a lion car and then tries to reclaim the cross.

Jones escapes with the cross and runs home. However Garth gets the Moab sheriff on their side and Jones is told to give the cross back. Garth however consoles Jones, admiring the young man's attempts to claim it. He then gives Jones his fedora before walking out. In an early draft of the film, Fedora was intended to be Dr. Abner Ravenwood, but the draft was scrapped and rejected. The Sheriff has no mentioned name. The Sheriff is first mentioned when Indiana Jones instructs Herman to find the Sheriff and alert him that grave robbers are digging in a cave in Arches National Park.

Herman does what he says bringing the Sheriff to the Jones residence. Indiana hands the Sheriff the cross of Coronado and tells him that there were "five or six of them. He hands the cross to Fedora who sells it to Panama Hat. He then bids Indiana farewell with a tip of his hat before walking out. Henry Walton Jones , Sr. Sean Connery is Indiana's estranged father, who was distant from his son due to his obsessive study of the Holy Grail and its possible location. Kidnapped by Nazis in , he is rescued by his son, and in the process of racing the Nazis to the Grail's location, they become closer.

Jones has already died in He secretly works with the Nazis, and sends both Indiana and his father on the search for the Grail without their knowledge of his ties to Germany. He shoots Henry and forces Indy to clear the traps for him. After Indy does so, Donovan and Elsa follow him into a room filled with cups, one of which is the Grail. Elsa purposely chooses a false grail—a bejeweled gold cup—for Donovan, and when he drinks from it, his body crumbles to dust in seconds.

That's quite a question. Where would you draw the line? People say [Donovan] was a Nazi, he wasn't a Nazi, he joined the Nazi Party in order to investigate its property, and he bloody nearly got that. Only because he was greedy did he [fall]. This is an advice for you [the viewer]: It applies to everything. An allegory for life. In an early script of the film, Walter's surname was set to be Walter Chandler, and he was set to die in Hatay , when the Nazi tank fall off a cliff a fate that which would later go to Ernst Vogel , but the script was changed.

Isla Blair , Glover's wife, cameoed as Mrs. Donovan in the scene where he and Indiana discuss the Holy Grail. The in-joke was conceived by one of the producers. He hired grave robbers to dig up the Cross of Coronado , which is immediately stolen by a teenage Jones. A horse chase and pursuit on board a circus train follow. Indy escapes, returns to his home, and attempts to talk to his father, who rebuffs him.

Panama Hat is seen taking back the cross and handing a stack of money to the gang. In Jones steals the Cross again, this time on a ship, but is caught. He struggles with the villain's men and gets the cross back. Indy jumps off the ship as a giant fuel drum rolls wildly, falling directly onto a crate of TNT.

The crate explodes, causing the entire ship to blow and killing Panama Hat and his crew. In the novelization of the story, it is stated that Indiana's final showdown with Panama Hat began because he got word from a worker of the villain that his boss had an affair with his wife and he wanted revenge. Jones realized it was a set-up and was told by Panama Hat that he had been hit badly by the Great Depression and was auctioning the cross off to wealthy buyers. He got one deal from a buyer with a provision that said he had to kill Jones.

Indy would later suspect the buyer was Walter Donovan. Elsa Schneider Alison Doody is an Austrian archaeologist who desires the Grail, and like Donovan, keeps her involvement with the Nazis a secret. She is revealed to have seduced both Joneses, Henry first and then Indiana. Later, she deliberately picks a false grail for Donovan to eliminate competition, and watches him decay before her eyes.

Richard III of England

Afterwards, she crosses the temple's seal with the Grail, causing the temple to collapse and her to drop the Grail as well as nearly falling into a chasm. Indy catches her, but she sees the Grail on a shelf of rock and greedily reaches for it despite Indy's warnings. She overreaches and Indy loses his grip on her, causing her to fall to her death. According to Doody, Elsa's role as a femme fatale was an attempt to distance the character from Willie Scott.

In an early script of the film, Elsa was going to be the one who shot Henry Jones, Sr. IGN placed Elsa 33rd on their list of the best bad girls in film in , [58] while Empire noted Doody "achieved the unlikely feat of making a Nazi sympathiser sympathetic". Kazim Kevork Malikyan is the leader of the Brotherhood of the Cruciform Sword, an ancient organization protecting the secrets of the Holy Grail.

Kazim initially attempts to kill Indy and Elsa by setting fire to the petroleum-soaked waters of the Venice catacombs in which they are searching for clues to the Grail. After Indy and Elsa escape the catacombs, Kazim and his men chase them in speedboats and try to gun them down. Indy reluctantly saves Kazim from being cut to pieces in a boat engine propeller, and Kazim reveals his father's location after learning that Indy has no interest in finding the Grail.

Kazim is later killed while leading an attack on a Nazi convoy closing in on the Grail. It was originally intended that when Kazim died, Elsa would step away and see her hands covered in blood as a homage to The Man Who Knew Too Much , but Spielberg was unsatisfied with each take. In the early script of the film, written by Jeffrey Boam , Kazim was set to be an agent of Hatay, named Kemal, seeking the Holy Grail and an ally of the Nazis.

Also, he was set to die after drinking from the False Grail a fate that which would later go to Walter Donovan , but the script was rejected and changed. His main objective is to kill the Joneses—whom he hates because Indy killed three of his men in Castle Grunewald—on direct orders from Adolf Hitler. Vogel discovers Jones Sr.

Later, Vogel and Donovan are heading towards the location of the Grail when Indiana ambushes their convoy. Indy and Vogel struggle on the back of a tank until it goes over a cliff. Vogel is killed in the ensuing crash. In the early scripts of the movie, Vogel actually makes it to the Holy Grail Temple, and was set to be killed crushed by a rock while trying to steal the Grail.

Later, his death was changed to that of being beheaded by the Holy Grail Temple's traps a fate that which would later go to a Hatayan soldier , but the scripts were changed. In the late eleventh century, he and his two brothers Richard and a third sibling became Knights of the First Crusade. During their journeys in the Holy Land, they discovered the Holy Grail and protected it at the Temple of the Sun in the Canyon of the Crescent Moon for years, using the Grail's power to extend their lifespans.

As the bravest and most worthy, he was chosen to remain as the Grail's sole guardian while his two brothers traveled back to Europe, leaving behind two markers leading to the Grail's location. The Knight lived in a side chamber off of the inner sanctuary of the Temple of the Sun, and had a book to read by firelight. In , Indy enters the sanctuary. There the knight tries to fight him to determine who should protect the grail but falls from the weight of his own sword.

Gracious in defeat, the knight tries to pass on the responsibility of protecting the grail to Jones. He is interrupted by the arrival of Walter Donovan and Elsa Schneider. Donovan asks which of the cups is the Grail. The knight refuses to tell Donovan saying that they must choose as a final test, also warning them that any of the false grails will take their lives.

Donovan drinks from a golden jewel-encrusted grail, chosen for him by Elsa, but crumbles into dust within seconds. The knight sympathetically says Donovan "chose poorly".

Indy on the other hand selects a pewter grail the cup of a carpenter and is told he had "chosen wisely". The knight warns them that if they take the Holy Grail past the great seal they will forfeit their immortality. Elsa Schneider ignores the warning and falls into a chasm created by an earthquake. The knight is last seen waving goodbye to Indy as the temple collapses. In the early scripts of the film, the Grail Knight was set to fight with Indy, but the script was changed.

Very little had been established about the character prior to production, so de Sosa was allowed to create many aspects of the character, in addition to the basics that had been established by Lucas. In the series, Indiana is shown to have a strong relationship with his mother, whom he calls "the sweetest, smartest, most wonderful woman who ever lived". She also reveals she is from Virginia. She was first mentioned in passing in Raiders of the Lost Ark ; Indy remarks Brody "sound[s] just like my mother" when discussing the dangers of finding the Ark.

Indy does believe that his mother "never understood" his father's obsession with the Holy Grail , though Henry says she supported him fully. Previously, the computer game, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade: The Graphic Adventure , came with a replica of Henry's diary which had named her Mary. He meets the year-old Indy in Mexico while fighting under Pancho Villa: After seeing newsreel footage of the devastation of his country by the Germans in World War I, Remy resolves to return to Europe to join the Belgian army and defend his homeland, and Indy decides to join him.

They later transfer together to the secret service. Miss Helen Seymour Margaret Tyzack is Indiana's tutor during his father's worldwide lecture tour from to Miss Seymour had taught Henry Jones, Snr. He looked up to see a large black dog bearing down upon him. Sirius ambushed Harry and Hermione, disarming them when they entered the room where Ron was being held hostage. Still not fully convinced, Ron reluctantly handed over Scabbers when Lupin promised that if he was actually a rat, no harm would come to him. Scabbers was revealed to be Pettigrew, whom Sirius had recognised due to a missing toe.

Pettigrew has cut off one of his own fingers before transforming. Along the way, the full moon broke out, and Lupin began to transform into a werewolf. In the skirmish, Pettigrew stole Lupin's wand, stunned Ron, and escaped into the moonlight. He understood why Hermione did not immediately mention the time turner. Ron was slightly dismayed but, now knew the reason for her strange behaviour and timetable earlier on, he was nevertheless relieved that Sirius and Buckbeak were both safe and free. Fred and George were responsible for Ginny's safety, which left the trio to themselves.

Ron was entranced and stated that he would create a broom that would fly to space. It was announced that the students from the Durmstrang Institute and Beauxbatons Academy of Magic would be arriving at Hogwarts on 30 October. Ron was dumbstruck when he saw Viktor Krum among the Durmstrang students, not realising how young his hero was.

He was disappointed when Krum sat among the Slytherin students. He even went as far as to accuse Harry of cheating his way into the tournament. When Ron heard Harry talking to someone one night, he went down to see who it was since Harry didn't tell him about such a thing. Ron was deeply offended when Harry accused him of trying to spy on him and when he told him who he talked to was none of his business to the point where he tried to get Harry to tell him who he was talking to by accusing him of practising for an interview.

This only made Harry throw one of Draco Malfoy's badges at him and tell him he could wear that during the First Task. This made Ron realise that he had lost Harry's trust and respect to the point where Harry no longer saw him as a friend. He also offended Hermione by not asking her, and then by suggesting that she did not have a date and thus could accompany him.

Ron's evening was a fiasco of the first sort. His " traditional " dress robes embarrassed him and his date, Padma Patil , and when Ron saw Hermione with Viktor Krum , he became intensely jealous. Harry retrieving a captive Ron during the second task. This drove Hagrid to stop teaching for a time until Ron, Harry, and Hermione told him that they he was still their friend, no matter what. On 24 February , Ron was put into an enchanted sleep and tied up at the bottom of the Black Lake , to be "rescued" by Harry as part of the second task of the Triwizard Tournament.

Ron gained much attention from the other students due to his being taken hostage for the task. He proceeded to exaggerate the events of what happened until Hermione called him on it. Ron and Hermione watched Harry together from the sidelines. Ron felt sorry that he had to keep Harry oblivious to the Order's plan and soon learnt that Harry's anger had been growing due to his isolation from his friends and his persecution by the media.

At school, Ron was one of the many students who expressed frustration with Professor Umbridge's refusal to teach the class practical defensive magic. Ron's Quidditch practise caused him to fall behind in his schoolwork, to Hermione's chagrin. Harry initially disagreed, but after a few days he decided to give it a go. Ron during the meeting of students in the Hog's Head that would become known as Dumbledore's Army.

Late in October, students had their first visit to Hogsmeade. There, Harry, Ron, and Hermione met with several students who were interested in learning proper defence. Ron defended Harry against Zacharias Smith when questions rose, and was among the first to sign the recruitment parchment. On the way home from Hogsmeade, Ron became upset when he learned from Hermione that his sister Ginny was dating Ravenclaw student Michael Corner.

In the weeks following the first Dumbledore's Army meeting, Quidditch season arrived. They had made badges saying " Weasley is our king ," which Harry decided could not mean anything good. In an attempt to distract Ron from the Slytherins, Hermione kissed him on the cheek for luck, effectively stunning Ron. Ron's play was abysmal, and it was not helped by the Slytherins' new song also entitled, " Weasley is Our King ". Following the game Ron wanted to resign, but learned he could not, as Harry Potter, Fred , and George Weasley had been banned from Quidditch for life.

Although initially resistant he regaled the trio with his tales of the giants , though he refused to give them any hint about his gruesome injuries from Golgomath's tribe. Ultimately Hagrid's mission was a failure. Following Hagrid's return, he took up his post as Care of Magical Creatures professor. Frequent Dumbledore's Army meetings, O. When Harry's story was confirmed by Dumbledore and McGonagall, Ron, his siblings, and Harry were immediately sent to the Order's Headquarters, so they could look in on their father's convalescence, and there they spent the Christmas holidays , joined by Hermione the next day.

He got his chance after Hermione arrived and convinced Harry to come downstairs. Ron with siblings Fred and George, and Ginny practising with the D. Throughout the term, Ron continued to learn defensive and offensive magic from Harry. Due to Quidditch, he missed the Valentine's Day visit to Hogsmeade. Though, he was impressed that Harry went public and hopeful that people might believe Harry when The Quibbler came out. Umbridge was affronted by this new staffing appointment. Ron played in the final Quidditch match of the season, though Harry and Hermione did not watch, as Hagrid finally revealed the source of his injuries to them.

Ron played better, and Gryffindor won the Quidditch Cup.

Neville Longbottom

Ron was unable to settle to his studies the following day, but Harry and Hermione brought him down with Hagrid's secret injuries. Soon, their Ordinary Wizarding Level exams were upon them. During their final exam, Harry dozed off and had another vision. When Harry told Ron and Hermione of this they were wary, and Hermione suggested that Harry try to contact Sirius first.

Ron insisted that he join Harry in rescuing Sirius, but also insisted that the rest remain behind, but realised when many Thestrals appeared. When Harry led them into the Department of Mysteries , Ron stuck with him into the deepest recesses of the Department. Ron was so confused that he summoned a tentacled-brain from a vat in the Thought Chamber and was attacked by it.

During the summer following the battle, Ron learned he had received seven O. Ron explained he did not mind, as he wasn't planning to take those in his sixth year, regardless. Also during that summer, Ron learned that his brother Bill was engaged to Fleur Delacour. While this annoyed his mother, sister, and later Hermione, Ron took to defending Fleur and if she surprised him, he would still take on that dumbstruck look.

His soft spot for Fleur particularly annoyed Hermione, who was finding it harder to keep her feelings for him under wraps. Ron trying out as Keeper for the Gryffindor Quidditch team. Ron would suffer much personal turmoil in his sixth year. Harry was named Gryffindor team captain. He was also envious when Harry and Hermione were invited to the Slug Club , while the new Potions professor Horace Slughorn ignored him, and when attention was paid to him, Slughorn usually got his name wrong.

During this time, Ron showed brief flashes of jealousy about Harry and Hermione's closeness. He would take exception whenever Hermione complimented Harry on something Ron thought was equally due to him. Ron was temporarily mollified about this when Hermione asked if he would like to attend the club's Christmas party with her, and he agreed, but thought it was only as friends. Ron was also worried over his sister's increasing involvement with boys, and after stumbling upon her kissing Dean Thomas , he blew up at her. In retaliation, Ginny belittled him for his complete inexperience with the opposite gender, declaring that Harry and Hermione had also snogged people.

The siblings treated each other coldly afterwards, and Ron was so bothered by this — and by the revelation that Hermione had kissed Viktor Krum almost two years earlier — that he began to perform poorly in Quidditch. He also began to treat Hermione with a cold indifference, which confused her. He even offered to resign from the team.

To boost his confidence, Harry pretended to pour the Felix Felicis into Ron's pumpkin juice at breakfast. Harry even allowed Hermione to see the vial, so she would object to the cheating. This convinced Ron that he had an edge in the game, which caused him to play excellently. However, when after the match Harry revealed it was a trick, Ron rounded on Hermione and accused her of having no faith in his abilities. Shortly thereafter, Ron began his exhibitionist relationship with Lavender Brown. Hermione, incredibly angry and hurt by Ron's vindictive actions, conjured a flock of canaries to attack him; the birds scratched Ron badly, and he and Hermione stopped talking to each other.

Hermione attended the Slug Club's Christmas party, she had originally wanted to attend with Ron but went with his hated rival, Cormac McLaggen , while Ron snogged Lavender in public and made fun of Hermione's behaviour in Transfiguration class, reducing her to tears. By Christmas break, however, Ron was becoming disenchanted with his relationship with Lavender, who had become increasingly possessive, annoyed him with the nickname " Won-Won ," and gave him a gift of a necklace that said " My Sweetheart ".

Hermione did not come to the Burrow for the holidays, as she usually did, and Ron made an attempt to speak to her after returning to school, but she ignored him. On 1 March , Ron ate chocolate that he believed to be one of the presents for his 17th birthday , but was in fact a gift from Romilda Vane to Harry spiked with a love potion.

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He found the box on the floor after Harry had chucked it out of his trunk thinking in was apart of his pile of presents by the foot of his bed. Upon ingesting the chocolate, Ron became maddened with an obsessive need to see and be with Romilda. Harry thinking fast proceeded to take Ron to Slughorn's office to get an antidote.

When in Slughorn's office while Harry attempted to get Slughorn in a good mood hoping to get the true memory from him, Ron was nearly killed by poisoned mead intended for Albus Dumbledore. Harry managed to save Ron with a bezoar. The bezoar was one Slughorn had in his kit taken from a previous potions lesson.

If it wasn't for Harry's timely actions and quick thinking Ron would have died. A panic-stricken Hermione arrived at the Hospital Wing , forgetting her anger with him. Ron said Hermione's name in his sleep upon hearing her speak for the first time all day, and the two quietly reconciled after his near-death experience. Ron also took to feigning sleep whenever Lavender tried to visit him.

He remained in the hospital the following week and was not able to play Keeper on Saturday 8 March for the Gryffindor vs Hufflepuff Quidditch match. On Monday 10 March Ron and Harry, who suffered a cracked skull from a mishit Bludger during the match, were able to leave the hospital wing, although Ron did not tell Lavender this. A little later, Ron was suitably impressed when Harry told him and Hermione how he managed to obtain the Horcrux memory from Professor Slughorn. The funeral of Albus Dumbledore. Ron fought in the battle and survived without any major injuries, thanks to the Felix Felicis.

He was shaken by his oldest brother Bill 's scarring at the hands of the vicious werewolf Fenrir Greyback. Shortly afterwards, Ron attended the funeral of Albus Dumbledore, where he comforted a sobbing Hermione. He and Hermione informed Harry of their intention to accompany him on a quest to locate and destroy the Horcruxes of Lord Voldemort, forgoing their seventh year of school. During the summer of , Ron began planning ahead for his mission with Harry and Hermione.

With the help of his father and Fred and George Weasley, Ron transfigured the family ghoul to resemble himself sick with spattergroit , which would serve as his alibi for not attending his seventh year of Hogwarts while travelling with his friends. In late July, he participated in the Order's operation to remove Harry from his childhood home, taking Polyjuice Potion to be one of the " seven Potters. Ron stunned one of the Death Eaters in the face while flying.

Ron reassured Hermione by nuzzling her back slightly upon landing as she had been quite worried about him and he was saddened at the death of "Mad-Eye" Moody. He was also saddened by the death of Harry's beloved pet owl Hedwig , over which he comforted Harry. Ron, Harry, and Hermione during the reading of Albus Dumbledore's will. Once Ron, Harry, and Hermione were all convened at the Burrow , they made plans to leave, much to the displeasure of Ron's worried mother.

During the preparations for Bill's wedding, Mrs Weasley set Ron, Harry, and Hermione to separate tasks to prevent them from planning. Later that evening, Minister for Magic Rufus Scrimgeour visited the Burrow to dispense the contents of Dumbledore's will. He questioned the trio, and Ron let slip that they had no idea why Dumbledore would bequeath anything to him. Ron received Dumbledore's Deluminator. The trio attended the wedding for which, all summer, they had been forced to prepare the Burrow ; the marrying couple was Ron's older brother Bill to Fleur Delacour on 1 August.

When Viktor Krum asked who he thought was Barny Weasley though it was really Harry in disguise about the pair, he was somewhat disappointed to learn that they were " sort of " together, but not officially a couple. The celebrations were interrupted with the news that the Ministry of Magic had fallen to Voldemort, and Hermione Disapparated herself, Ron, and Harry away from the danger to Tottenham Court Road. This was the starting point to the trio's adventure and search for the Horcruxes they needed to bring down Lord Voldemort. After stunning and wiping the memories of the Death Eaters, the trio took refuge in Harry's inherited house 12 Grimmauld Place left to him by Sirius Black.

There, the trio learned from Kreacher that Regulus Black had stolen the Horcrux Voldemort had made of Slytherin's Locket in , and that it had been stolen from 12 Grimmauld Place by Mundungus Fletcher. Under interrogation, he informed them that the locket was now in the possession of Dolores Umbridge. While they were waiting for Kreacher to fetch Mundungus, they were visited by Remus Lupin. He informed the trio about the goings on in the wider wizarding world. He told them that Harry was now the most wanted wizard in Britain and that Muggle-born witches and wizards were being rounded up.

Ron immediately said that he would vouch for Hermione. The trio disguised during their infiltration of the ministry. Ron is on the far right. They formulated a plan to infiltrate the Ministry , involving the use of Polyjuice Potion to assume the forms of Ministry employees Reginald Cattermole, Albert Runcorn and Mafalda Hopkirk. Ron was in over his head, but may have found a solution to the problem after asking Arthur, who had no idea of Ron's true identity, for help.

The trio reunited after Harry and Hermione stole the locket from Umbridge and freed some Muggle-born witches and wizards being held by the Muggle-Born Registration Commission , and then escaped, but were forced to abandon Grimmauld Place as a hideout. After receiving some treatment from Hermione, Ron fretted over the fate of the Cattermoles. Ron and Harry fight right before Ron abandons the Horcrux hunt. Afterward, weeks passed with no further progress. This, as well as the locket's negative influence, caused great tension and animosity amongst the group of friends.

When he wore the locket, Ron was sullen and suspicious, lashing out at his friends and continuously complaining. Ron abruptly abandoned his friends one evening after getting into a fight with Harry over the additional task of locating Godric Gryffindor's Sword in order to destroy the locket. He accused Harry of having no plan and of not being very concerned about Ginny , whom they had learned was punished back at Hogwarts.

When Ron asked if Hermione was going with him and she told him that she was staying, he accused her of choosing Harry over him, and left, despite Hermione screaming and crying for him to come back. As soon as he was outside the influence of the Horcrux, Ron came to his senses and tried to return.

However, he had a run-in with Snatchers first, who interrogated him. Ron claimed to be Stan Shunpike , and then took an opportunity to escape. He apparated numerous times to try to find Harry and Hermione, splinching fingernails off at one point, but could not find them. He then went to stay with Bill and Fleur at their new home, Shell Cottage.

Soon after Christmas, Ron used the Deluminator Dumbledore bequeathed him to locate his friends. Ron returns to the hunt and destroys the locket Horcrux. Ron made his way to the Forest of Dean , where he arrived just in time to rescue Harry from drowning in a semi-frozen pond. When Ron attempted to use Godric Gryffindor's Sword to destroy the locket, horrible incorporeal images of Harry and Hermione came forth which cruelly mocked Ron about his many insecurities, including his fears that Hermione would choose Harry over Ron.

This brought Ron to the point of tears. Afterwards, Harry took Ron aside to assuage his fears about Harry and Hermione. Saving Harry's life earned him Harry's forgiveness, but Hermione — who was unaware of what the Horcrux had done — was still furious with him for his abandonment for some time and attacked him mercilessly upon sight until Harry cast a Shield Charm to stop her.

Upon his return, Ron was happy to the point of giddiness, because he thought that they had an ally out there somewhere. He sought to hide this happiness when around Hermione in an act of contrition. When Hermione proposed a trip to the Lovegood's house to investigate a recurring symbol, Ron wholeheartedly agreed. Harry privately accused Ron of only agreeing to get back on Hermione's good side, a fact that he did not deny stating, " All's fair in love and war, and this is a bit of both.

The trio learned of the existence of the Deathly Hallows from Xenophilius Lovegood. Xenophilius, worried for his daughter Luna , who was being held hostage by Death Eaters , tried to capture the trio. They narrowly escaped, Hermione engineering it in a way that preserved Ron's alibi of being sick at home. While Harry obsessed over the Hallows, Ron and Hermione thought they should focus on finding the Horcruxes, as Dumbledore had instructed them.

During Harry's period of listless obsession, Ron's leadership qualities began to show. He suggested that they search many wizarding settlements for clues if only to be in motion and actively searching. During the Easter holidays of , the trio was captured by a gang of Snatchers led by Fenrir Greyback after Harry accidentally broke the Taboo curse on Voldemort's name.

Hermione hit Harry in the face with a Stinging Hex in order to disguise him. Ron was beaten his mouth extremely bloody and was then forced to use another name, Barny Weasley. This was due to the Snatchers already knowing who Stan Shunpike was. The Snatchers also found Godric Gryffindor's sword in their tent, there was no explaining that.

They were then brought to Malfoy Manor, where Lucius Malfoy attempted to get his son to identify Harry. Draco said that he did not know whether it was Harry or not, but immediately recognised Ron and Hermione.

The trio then meet with Bellatrix Lestrange, whom separated them. Ron tried to persuade Bellatrix to take him for questioning instead of Hermione. She responded that she would interrogate him next if Hermione died during questioning, as " blood-traitor was next to mud-blood in her book ". Ron was forced into the dungeon with Harry, Dean Thomas , and the goblin Griphook. In the dungeon they found Luna and Mr Ollivander, whom were captured in Hermione was kept upstairs and tortured by Bellatrix, her screams reducing Ron to tears.

The group was saved by Dobby , who was sent by Aberforth Dumbledore. He freed Harry and Ron to run upstairs to save Hermione, who managed to lie under torture about where they had obtained Gryffindor's Sword. He attended the burial of Dobby, where he humbly gave him his shoes and socks. The trio speaking with Griphook about what lies within the Lestrange vault at Gringotts. Griphook the goblin agreed to help them in exchange for Gryffindor's Sword.

Ron, knowing that the sword was needed to destroy horcruxes was reluctant to let Harry part with it. Harry suggested that they delay handing the sword over until the Horcruxes were destroyed. As the planning went forward, Ron along with Harry and Hermione found Griphook to be increasingly distasteful. On the morning of 1 May, , they broke into Gringotts with Hermione disguised as Bellatrix Lestrange, Ron as a fictional foreign wizard named "Dragomir Despard," and Harry under his Invisibility Cloak with Griphook.

As they were headed down into the vaults, the Gringotts defences the Thief's Downfall in particular were set against them, and Ron's disguise melted away. Once in the vault, it was discovered that all the treasure had Geminio and Flagrante curses put on them. Although they were betrayed by Griphook, the trio obtained Helga Hufflepuff's cup and escaped the wizarding bank on the back of a dragon.

After getting off the dragon escaping from the wizarding bank, Ron saw Harry having one of his visions. He was told that Lord Voldemort finally knew that they were hunting Horcruxes and that the final one was at Hogwarts. Harry, Ron, and Hermione apparated under the Invisibility cloak to Hogsmeade looking for a way into Hogwarts. They were soon cornered by Death Eaters set to watch the town. Ron drew his wand ready to fight them, but Harry suggested that advantage lay in stealth and that attacking would give away their position.

Once the Death Eaters ordered dementors to search the town for the trio, Harry was forced to perform the Patronus Charm. After Harry's patronus chaced away the dementors the trio found refuge in the Hog's Head. A heated discussion with the proprietor followed, who turned out to be Aberforth Dumbledore. The discussion revolved around Harry's mission and the seeming defeat of the Order of the Phoenix. Harry whom had developed trust issues, did not like the idea of allowing the other DA members to help. Ron persuaded Harry to let the others do so anyway. While Harry searched for Ravenclaw's diadem , Ron and Hermione entered the Chamber of Secrets to retrieve basilisk fangs.

Ron mimicked the Parseltongue he had heard Harry use to open Salazar Slytherin's locket and succeeded in gaining entrance to the Chamber. Hermione used the fangs to destroy the Horcrux of Hufflepuff's cup , and they then reunited with Harry. When Ron expressed desire to evacuate the house-elves from the Kitchens, Hermione, who had always been concerned for creatures so often mistreated by society, was so touched that she ran, nuzzled and kissed him, much to Ron's delight. However, their kiss was interrupted by Harry, who pointed out that there was a war going on and that they could carry on later, to which Ron pointed out there might not be latter.

Hermione and Ron run from the towering flames. When Crabbe unleashed a cursed fire , the trio escaped by means of broomsticks; Harry saved Draco, and Ron and Hermione saved Goyle. They then witnessed the death of Ron's brother Fred in combat, which devastated Ron, who wanted revenge.

Hermione managed to calm him by reminding him that they would have to fight on their way to finding Nagini , Voldemort's final Horcrux. The trio made their way to the Shrieking Shack , and witnessed the snake kill Severus Snape on Voldemort's orders. While dying, Severus Snape's memories leaked out of him, which Harry collected into a glass phial to latter view in the headmaster's office.

Harry went up to Dumbledore's office and emptied Snape's memories into the Pensieve. He entered the Pensieve and finally learned the truth of it all. After emerging from the Pensieve, he made use of the distraction to slip out and confront Voldemort. Following his alleged death, the battle resumed, and Ron and Neville Longbottom brought Fenrir Greyback down together. Ron witnessed Harry defeat Lord Voldemort once and for all, and survived the battle without serious injury. Ron never received a seventh year of education at Hogwarts. Sometime between and , Ron married Hermione, and later the couple had two children: Ron was also the godfather and uncle of Harry and Ginny's oldest son.

Ron himself noted that he and Hermione were quite young when they were married and that he became rather drunk afterward, having very little memory of the night after the ceremony. Instead of completing his education, he moved on to become an Auror along with Harry at the Ministry of Magic. In August of , Ron, having settled into a rotund middle age, obtained a Muggle driving licence.

That year, he and Hermione sent their daughter off for her first year at Hogwarts, and Ron encouraged Rose to be Sorted into Gryffindor House and to beat Scorpius Malfoy in marks. He hugged Hugo gently.

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As the train faded away, Ron remembered his time at Hogwarts and how he would love to be going back. At a gathering with Hermione, Harry and Ginny, they talked about the meeting and Ron attempted to cheer everyone up by making jokes which led them them telling him to stop. Before the start of the new school year, Ron and Hermione told Rose to try and befriend Albus again since they have drifted apart since starting Hogwarts. A while later, Ron attended a meeting at the Ministry of Magic. Hermione was worried about how Harry was having nightmares and his scar was hurting again.

Ron got into an argument with Draco Malfoy. When Albus and Scorpius meddled with time, they changed Ron's life. In one alternate reality , Ron helped Harry and Ginny find Albus. Ron never married Hermione and instead married Padma Patil.

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