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We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. Have you ever thought about a time in your life where you took your maturity to the next step? There are certain events that led up to the moment in your life where innocence is changed and you become closer to an adult. Her curiosity results to searching further than she has before while seeking new things.
While on her adventure she comes across several obstacles. As one self gets further in life they begin to look out for certain things.
As Myop enters a changing point in her journey she begins to learn from it. It seems as if she sees several things that are expected based on her previous journeys, but this one things change. As Myop curiously makes her own path through her surroundings she comes across different sides of nature. Life can be filled with surprises, no matter how old you get things may affect your option on things. But between the time of childhood and adulthood is when the event occurs most. Later when Myop begins to conclude her journey on her way back she ran into an even greater surprise then all the others.
Myop realized that even the biggest surprises can lead to an even bigger turn out. She already wants to find new things and is willing to take risks. But the fact that she wants to try new things is the comparison to her loss of innocence by choice. Everyone has to reach a point of loss of innocence in their childhood, whether it is by growth or by choice. It is not any easy stage in childhood but is certain time that everyone must encounter. The Flowers, Loss of Innocence. Even more serious was the accusation that Schiele, who was twenty-two years of age at the time, had abducted and sexually abused a girl younger than fourteen who had stayed with him overnight.
Furthermore, the locals had reported that they had watched Schiele handing out oranges to children in front of the local school. Many children were seen coming to his house, and the children later mentioned that the artist had often drawn them in the nude. Schiele was taken into custody for twenty-one days and later sentenced to an additional three days of imprisonment for distributing indecent images.
The judge acquitted him of the other allegations. Despite this threatening experience, Schiele continued to produce numerous erotic drawings and paintings of adolescent girls and young women, some of them very explicit. The novel tells, in very explicit and graphic detail, the story of Josefine Mutzenbacher, who was born into a poor Viennese working-class family, how she grew up and became a prostitute, and died in Josefine concluded from this experience: Conversations in coffee-houses and pubs and countless articles in local and national newspapers discussed sexual morality and public nudity, venereal diseases and child prostitution, homosexuality, sex scandals and the sexual abuse of children.
Married and in his mid-forties, he had been accused of sexually abusing underage girls over many years. After avoiding prosecution for nearly two decades by bribing police officers, potential witnesses and journalists, Sternberg was arrested in January and brought to court. Albert Moll was one of the expert witnesses advising the court about the credibility of a key witness, a girl of about 12 years. In December , Sternberg was convicted and sentenced to two and a half years of imprisonment in a Zuchthaus and the loss his of civil rights Ehrverlust for five years.
Moll, however, remained convinced that Sternberg was wrongfully convicted. A small number of reviewers took a more critical stance. The Sexual Life of the Child was rich in detail and came with a plethora of case studies to substantiate his claims, but Moll failed to take the research agenda intellectually any further. On the basis of his distinction between the detumescence-impulse and the contrectation-impulse, he explained the physical signs eg.
He rejected the claims of the American psychologist Sanford Bell, who suggested that infants as young as two years old would show psychosexual symptoms. Moll thought these claims were not sufficiently substantiated in their sexual basis. Eventually, in children aged eight, manifestations of the contrectation-impulse became so frequent that, as Moll concluded, they were no longer either pathological or abnormal.
The undifferentiated psyche during childhood allows us to understand, that such contrary sexual [ie. Consequently, he did not perceive erections in baby boys as being of a sexual nature. In his view they were most of the time expressions of a general sense of comfort Behagen. As his careful phrasing indicated, he seemed to acknowledge that, in rare cases, babies, and children aged seven to eight, have experienced an orgasm. Yet, Moll believed that most children would not have had such an experience, but a more constant voluptuous feeling.
But it was not only Moll who attacked Freud over his understanding of infant and childhood sexuality. Within the psychoanalytical movement, a fundamental critique came from C. Jung believed that this was too much centred on sexuality. Although Jung agreed with Freud over a link between the nutritive and sexual function of libido, Jung saw libido as a form of energy that changed its function during childhood. By the end of this phase, libido eventually would be stripped of all the characteristics and functions it showed during early infancy.
Perversions, then, would be the consequence of an incomplete or disrupted change of function in libido.
Most psychologists had rejected Freudian psychoanalysis until this point. In a polemical and intellectually sharp analysis, William Stern, for instance, professor of psychology at Breslau University and at the time more prominent than Freud, criticised the application of psychoanalytical theories to infants and children. He accused psychoanalysts of going much too far by detecting something sexual everywhere and in everyone. This would lead to, as he called it, an Entharmlosung of sexuality making sexuality not harmless or innocent in the young.
If a child showed signs of precocious sexual interests, Stern considered this pathological. Like Jung and Stern, Kraus suspected that much of psychoanalysis was based on projections.
In , Kraus broke with Freud — the immediate reason was the conflict with Wittels — and from then on, commented with biting irony on the psychoanalytical movement. She criticised the fact that psychoanalysis ignored serious methodological problems when exploring infant and childhood sexual experiences, because one could not draw any analogies between their experiences and those of adults. This was exactly what, in her view, psychoanalysts were guilty of doing. Therefore, sexual behaviour in children could not be interpreted from an adult perspective but had to be understood in its own right.
Both masturbation in infancy and sexual activities between children were, in her view, neither common nor frequent. Freud and his fellow psychoanalysts did everything to defend their psychoanalytical understanding of infant and childhood sexuality. From both of their accounts, one gets a very good impression of how much they disliked each other.
After the death in of Krafft-Ebing, Moll was amongst the best-known sexologists in Europe. The critique of Moll by psychoanalysts quickly gained force. The nineteenth-century approach that had pathologised sexual feelings and activities of children — or, to be more precise, feelings and activities that were perceived as being of a sexual nature — had become obsolete.
However, contrasting theories and explanations, as well as open questions, persisted. Freud and other psychoanalysts, for instance, continued to discuss the detrimental effects of masturbation for at least the following two decades, whereas Moll could not see such pathological effects. Moll and other researchers at the time eg.
Ellis and later on eg. Intellectuals, writers and artists were obsessed with a sexualised understanding of children, in particular of girls before puberty. The position of C. However, by contrast, Stern rejected any notion of a normal sexuality in children, and Jung perceived the first three to five years of infanthood as a non-sexual phase.
Freud and the Discovery of Child Sexuality. History of Childhood Quarterly. Beyond the Psychoanalytic Legend New York: Jenseits der psychoanalytischen Legende, Hans-Horst Henschen trans. I am using here the revised German edition. Fischer, , 37—, also in Sigmund Freud, Gesammelte Werke: Chronologisch geordnet , Vol.
I wouldn't expect a "normal" child to loose curiosity, at any age, except if the This mischievous loss of curiosity probably in relation to the loss of innocence. By gaining the knowledge of this, the boy's innocence was lost and born from that loss was the curiosity to find out if what he had learned was.
Imago, , 27— How to do the History of Psychoanalysis: Cape, French original Eine Geschichte der Erziehung im Cultural History and Developmental Psychology Philadelphia: Routledge, , ch. Cambridge University Press, , ch. Health and Welfare, — London: Fischer, Geschichte des privaten Lebens , Vol. Stanley Hall — , whose research focused on childhood development and evolutionary theory, is credited with shaping the concept of adolescence around and popularising it in America and Europe with his comprehensive two-volume tome Adolescence: Appleton, ; see also, Jon Savage, Teenage: The Creation of Youth Culture London: Academic Press, , chs 4 and 5.
Palgrave, , — Cornell University Press, , 39— Steiner, , 15— Thames and Hudson, ; Kincaid, op. Harvard University Press, , —5. Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Unschuld Neuwied: Studien zur Entstehung der romantischen Kindheitsutopie im Fink, , chs 1 and 2. Donaldson, ; see Schulz, op. Enke, , 7th rev. Harry Oosterhuis, Stepchildren of Nature: University of Chicago Press, , 57, —3, , —4. Yale University Press, , ch.
Suhrkamp, , in particular ch. Palgrave Macmillan, , 1—38; R. Mayer, , —2.
Das Saugen an den Fingern, Lippen etc. Ueber Coitus im Kindesalter: Imago, , — Briefe an Wilhelm Fliess — Frankfurt: Fischer, , eg. Zur Psychologie in der Vita sexualis. Instead, he assumed that the sexual drive in childhood was not always undifferentiated, as in some cases a heterosexual tendency in childhood remained heterosexual after puberty, and likewise a homosexual tendency continued after puberty ibid.
Barth, , Vol. Although having interviewed many people, Moll was unable to find out which of the two developed first more often, but presumed that in most cases the impulse to touch the genitals, the Detumescenztrieb , developed first ibid. This would be supported by the observations of the Italian psychiatrist and director of the asylum in Catanzaro, Silvio Venturi — , who, according to Moll, suggested that temporary masturbation could be explained physiologically, Silvio Venturi, Le degenerazioni psico-sessuali nella vita degli individui e nella storia delle societa Turin: Bocca, , 6—8.
Speyer reported of several cases of children showing passionate feelings of love, jealousy and hatred towards other children or adults in letters, R. Moll referred to pages 6, —2, and —5. Moll referred here to a case of a one-and-a-half-year-old girl who was seen playing at her genitals with her fingers, ibid. University of Chicago Press, , ch. Moll did not make any reference to the emerging endocrinological literature.
However, Moll made a distinction between the two drives. The detumescence-impulse, he thought, was a direct consequence of the gonads, at least in men, whereas in women during intercourse the detumescence-impulse was separated from the functioning of the gonads. The contrectation-impulse, in contrast, he interpreted as an indirect consequence of the gonads that could only be understood from an evolutionary perspective in relation to the purpose of the genitals ibid.
Moll explained this indirect effect of the gonads as excitement Erregung stemming from the testicles or ovaries. This excitement, however, he understood to be probably independent from the secretion of semen or from ovulation ibid. A Critical Edition Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan, , 1— Edition Diskord, , 9— Moll and Krafft-Ebing regularly corresponded Sulloway, ibid. Nichts, aber es war ein Keim sexueller Regung da.
Reissner, , See also Sulloway, op. Imago, , —8.
Moll, however, remained convinced that Sternberg was wrongfully convicted. Some, however, had no such feelings until puberty. Th A good read that held my interest throughout. Yale University Press, , ch. Sorry, but copying text is forbidden on this website.
Walther, , Suhrkamp, ; Gilman, op. Klimt, Schiele, Kokoschka und andere Skandale Munich: Society for the Promotion of Science and Scholarship, , 51— Camden House, , 62— Fischer, , He also collected a large number of picture postcards and had photographs taken of young girls he favoured and admired, many of them in the nude and put on display on the walls of his room in the Grabenhotel where he lived.
Hans Christian Kosler ed. Leben und Werk in Texten und Bildern Munich: From Altenberg to Wittgenstein Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, , 47—72; Gilman, op.