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Since he has deposed 42, dreams in a specific database: If the symbol "hedge" exists times within 42, dreams e. Then the scientist analyzes each dream. The great experience of the researcher with dream analysis and the language of the unconsciousness helps to understand the sense of these dreams as well as the personal knowledge of the explored dreamers.
The broad fundament of this scientific work builds Dr. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is an orphan , as no other articles link to it. Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries, which are usually accessed alphabetically by article name, Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most dictionaries. Encyclopedias have existed for around 2, years, the oldest still in existence, AD77 by Pliny the Elder and was not fully revised at the time of his death in AD The modern encyclopedia evolved out of dictionaries around the 17th century, some modern encyclopedias, such as Wikipedia, are often electronic and freely available.
Several encyclopedias have names that include the suffix -pedia, e. Banglapedia, in British usage, the spellings encyclopedia and encyclopaedia are both current. In addition, cyclopedia and cyclopaedia are now rarely used shortened forms of the word originating in the 17th century, the modern encyclopedia was developed from the dictionary in the 18th century. Historically, both encyclopedias and dictionaries have been researched and written by well-educated, well-informed content experts, a dictionary is a linguistic work which primarily focuses on alphabetical listing of words and their definitions.
Synonymous words and those related by the matter are to be found scattered around the dictionary. Thus, a dictionary typically provides limited information, analysis or background for the word defined.
While it may offer a definition, it may leave the reader lacking in understanding the meaning, significance or limitations of a term, and how the term relates to a broader field of knowledge. An encyclopedia is, allegedly, not written in order to convince, an encyclopedia article also often includes many maps and illustrations, as well as bibliography and statistics. General encyclopedias often contain guides on how to do a variety of things, as well as embedded dictionaries and gazetteers. There are also encyclopedias that cover a variety of topics but from a particular cultural, ethnic, or national perspective.
Works of encyclopedic scope aim to convey the important accumulated knowledge for their domain, such as an encyclopedia of medicine, philosophy. Works vary in the breadth of material and the depth of discussion, some systematic method of organization is essential to making an encyclopedia usable as a work of reference. Phrenology — Although both of those ideas have a basis in reality, phrenology extrapolated beyond empirical knowledge in a way that departed from science.
Editorial Reviews. About the Author. Dr. med. Holger Bertrand Flöttmann ist Facharzt für Dr. Flöttmann's Scientific Encyclopedia of Dream Symbols Kindle Edition. by Holger Bertrand Flöttmann (Author). Dr. Flöttmann's Scientific Encyclopedia of Dream Symbols contains dream symbols. More than dreams build the basis of this dictionary for dream.
Developed by German physician Franz Joseph Gall in , the discipline was very popular in the 19th century, the principal British centre for phrenology was Edinburgh, where the Edinburgh Phrenological Society was established in Although now regarded as an amalgamation of primitive neuroanatomy with moral philosophy.
Galls assumption that character, thoughts, and emotions are located in parts of the brain is considered an important historical advance toward neuropsychology. Phrenologists believe that the mind has a set of various mental faculties. For example, the faculty of philoprogenitiveness, from the Greek for love of offspring, was located centrally at the back of the head and these areas were said to be proportional to a persons propensities.
The importance of an organ was derived from relative size compared to other organs, Phrenology, which focuses on personality and character, is distinct from craniometry, which is the study of skull size, weight and shape, and physiognomy, the study of facial features.
Franz Joseph Gall believed that the brain was made up of 27 individual organs that determined personality, phrenologists would run their fingertips and palms over the skulls of their patients to feel for enlargements or indentations. The phrenologist would often take measurements with a measure of the overall head size and more rarely employ a craniometer.
In general, instruments to measure sizes of cranium continued to be used after the mainstream phrenology had ended, the phrenologists put emphasis on using drawings of individuals with particular traits, to determine the character of the person and thus many phrenology books show pictures of subjects. From absolute and relative sizes of the skull the phrenologist would assess the character, Galls list of the brain organs was specific.
An enlarged organ meant that the patient used that particular organ extensively, the number — and more detailed meanings — of organs were added later by other phrenologists. The 27 areas varied in function, from sense of color, to religiosity, each of the 27 brain organs was located under a specific area of the skull. As a phrenologist felt the skull, he would use his knowledge of the shapes of heads and organ positions to determine the overall natural strengths, phrenologists believed the head revealed natural tendencies but not absolute limitations or strengths of character.
The first phrenological chart gave the names of the described by Gall, it was a single sheet. His work was translated into English and published in as The Pocket Lavater, or and he believed that thoughts of the mind and passions of the soul were connected with an individuals external frame. Physiognomy — Physiognomy is the assessment of character or personality from a persons outer appearance, especially the face. Credence of such study has varied from time to time, the practice was well accepted by the ancient Greek philosophers, but fell into disrepute in the Middle Ages when practised by vagabonds and mountebanks.
It was then revived and popularised by Johann Kaspar Lavater before falling from favour again in the late 19th century, Physiognomy as understood in the past meets the contemporary definition of a pseudoscience. No clear evidence indicates physiognomy works, though recent studies have suggested that facial appearances do contain a kernel of truth about a persons personality, Physiognomy is also sometimes referred to as anthroposcopy, though the expression was more common in the 19th century when the word originated.
Notions of the relationship between an individuals appearance and inner character are historically ancient, and occasionally appear in early Greek poetry. Siddhars from ancient India are also known to have defined samudrika lakshanam that identifies personal characteristics with body features, chinese physiognomy or face reading reaches back at least to the Northern Song period. The first indications of a developed physiognomic theory appear in fifth century BC Athens, with the works of Zopyrus, by the fourth century BC, the philosopher Aristotle made frequent reference to theory and literature concerning the relationship of appearance to character.
The first systematic treatise to survive to the present day is a slim volume, Physiognomonica. The volume is divided into two parts, conjectured to have been two separate works. The first section discusses arguments drawn from nature or other races, the second section focuses on animal behavior, dividing the animal kingdom into male and female types.
From these are deduced correspondences between human form and character, socrates put the issue to rest by saying that originally he was given to all these vices, but had particularly strong self-discipline. Physiognomys validity was once widely accepted, michael Scot, a court scholar for Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, wrote Liber physiognomiae in the early 13th century concerning the subject.
English universities taught it until Henry VIII of England outlawed beggars and vagabonds playing subtile, crafty, around this time, scholastic leaders settled on the more erudite Greek form physiognomy and began to discourage the whole concept of fisnamy.
Leonardo da Vinci dismissed physiognomy in the early 16th century as false, nevertheless, Leonardo believed that lines caused by facial expressions could indicate personality traits. For example, he wrote that those who have deep and noticeable lines between the eyebrows are irascible, the principal promoter of physiognomy in modern times was the Swiss pastor Johann Kaspar Lavater who was briefly a friend of Goethe. Lavaters essays on physiognomy were first published in German in and these influential essays were translated into French and English. Psychiatry — Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders.
These include various abnormalities related to mood, behaviour, cognition, initial psychiatric assessment of a person typically begins with a case history and mental status examination.
Physical examinations and psychological tests may be conducted, on occasion, neuroimaging or other neurophysiological techniques are used. The fifth edition of the DSM was published in , assertive community treatment, community reinforcement, and supported employment. Treatment may be delivered on an inpatient or outpatient basis, depending on the severity of functional impairment or on aspects of the disorder in question. The term psychiatry was first coined by the German physician Johann Christian Reil in , a medical doctor specializing in psychiatry is a psychiatrist.
Psychiatry refers to a field of medicine focused specifically on the mind, aiming to study, prevent and it has been described as an intermediary between the world from a social context and the world from the perspective of those who are mentally ill. People who specialize in psychiatry often differ from most other health professionals.
The discipline studies the operations of different organs and body systems as classified by the subjective experiences. Psychiatry treats mental disorders, which are divided into three very general categories, mental illnesses, severe learning disabilities, and personality disorders. We also share information about the use of the site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners.
Meaning of "guiltily" in the English dictionary. Synonyms and antonyms of guiltily in the English dictionary of synonyms. Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about guiltily. The manner adverb guiltily , for example, can occur in different positions in the clause The dog looked at me. Guiltily , the dog looked at me. The dog looked at me guiltily.
The dog looked guiltily at me. Anne Lobeck, Kristin Denham, Save me, how black And guiltily c, methinks, that boy looks now! Oh, thou dissembler, that, before thou spak'st, Wert in thy cradle false, sent to make lies And betray innocents! Thy lord and thou May glory in the ashes of a maid Fool'd by her Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher. If they were lucky, they would a were lucky, they would arrive breathless in time to catch the last of the blue fumes of rrive breathless in time to catch the last of the blue fumes of the Bedford exhaust that still hung guiltily near the front gate the Shit also allegorizes guiltily experienced manly sexuality and the as dirtily perceived pollution.
Moreover, excrements stand for the past from which one often separates under guilt and resis- tance. Shitting a heap also means to get rid mental