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In , his father was transferred to Idria in the Julian March, in they moved again to Cremona in Lombardy, and later to Scandiano and Reggio Emilia. Pasolini found it difficult to adapt to all moves, though in the meantime he enlarged his poetry and literature readings. In the Reggio Emilia high school, he met his first true friend, the two met again in Bologna, where Pasolini spent seven years while completing high school, here he cultivated new passions, including football.

With other friends, including Ermes Parini, Franco Farolfi, Elio Meli, in Pasolini graduated and entered the Literature College of the University of Bologna, discovering new themes such as philology and aesthetics of figurative arts. He also frequented the cinema club. Pasolini always showed his friends a virile and strong exterior, totally hiding his interior travail and he took part in the Fascist governments culture and sports competitions.

After the summer in Casarsa, in Pasolini published at his own expense a collection of poems in Friulan, the work was noted and appreciated by intellectuals and critics such as Gianfranco Contini, Alfonso Gatto and Antonio Russi. His pictures had also been well received, Pasolini was chief editor of the Il Setaccio magazine, but was fired after conflicts with the director, who was aligned with the Fascist regime. A trip to Germany helped him also to perceive the status of Italian culture in that era. Alda Merini — Ho la sensazione di durare troppo, di non riuscire a spegnermi, come tutti i vecchi le mie radici stentano a mollare la terra.

Merini was quite young when, as a poet, she gained the attention and her writing style is described as intense, passionate and mystic, and it bears an influence from Rainer Maria Rilke. Some of her poems concern her time in a home and are often of a long. She explores the otherness of madness as part of creative expression, diary of a dropout is considered by some as her masterpiece, Scheiwiller, In she won the Elsa Morante Ragazzi Award with Alda e Io — Favole written in cooperation with the fable writer Sabatino Scia, Giorgio Napolitano then President of the Italian Republic described her, at her death, as an inspired and limpid poetic voice.

The mother, Emilia Painelli, was a housewife, Alda was the second daughter of three children, including Anna, born on November 26,, and Ezio, born on January,, who appear, albeit with a certain detachment, in her poems. Because studying has always been a part of my life. However, she did not succeed, as she did not pass the Italian language test, in the same period she also studied the piano, an instrument she especially loved.

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She made her debut at the age of fifteen, under the guidance of Giacinto Spagnoletti. In , Merini met the first shadows of her mind and was interned for a month in the clinic Villa Turro in Milano, Giacinto Spagnoletti was the first to publish her work, in Antologia della poesia italiana contemporanea —, published in The chosen works were the lyric poems Il gobbo, dated 22 December , in , at the suggestion of Eugenio Montale and Maria Luisa Spaziani, the editor Giovanni Scheiwiller published two of the authors previously unpublished poems in Poetesse del Novecento.

From to , the writer developed a professional connection, at the end of the relationship with Giorgio Manganelli, August she married Ettore Carniti, a bakery owner from Milan. The same year Schwarz publishing house published her first volume of poems entitled La presenza di Orfeo, a time split between periods of health and illness followed, probably caused by her bipolar disorder. In with Alda e Io — Favole, written in collaboration with the fable writer Sabatino Scia, in Merini began her most intense works on her dramatic and upsetting experience at the psychiatric hospital.

These works were included in what Maria Corti called her masterpiece, la Terra Santa, on July 7,, her husband died and Alda, without any support from the literary world, fruitlessly tried to spread her poems. He wrote on political theory, sociology and linguistics and he attempted to break from the economic determinism of traditional Marxist thought and so is considered a key neo-Marxist. He was a member and one-time leader of the Communist Party of Italy and was imprisoned by Benito Mussolinis Fascist regime.

He wrote more than 30 notebooks and 3, pages of history and his Prison Notebooks are considered a highly original contribution to 20th century political theory. The notebooks cover a range of topics, including Italian history and nationalism. The bourgeoisie in Gramscis view develops a hegemonic culture using ideology rather than violence, economic force, hegemonic culture propagates its own values and norms so that they become the common sense values of all and thus maintain the status quo.

Hegemonic power is used to maintain consent to the capitalist order, rather than coercive power using force to maintain order. This cultural hegemony is produced and reproduced by the dominant class through the institutions that form the superstructure, Antonio Francesco Gramsci was born in Ales, on the island of Sardinia, the fourth of seven sons of Francesco Gramsci.

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The senior Gramsci was an official from Gaeta, who married Giuseppina Marcias. The senior Gramscis financial difficulties and troubles with the police forced the family to move about through several villages in Sardinia until they settled in Ghilarza. In Francesco was convicted of embezzlement and imprisoned, reducing his family to destitution, the young Antonio had to abandon schooling and work at various casual jobs until his fathers release in As a boy, Gramsci suffered from problems, particularly a malformation of the spine that stunted his growth.

Gramsci was also plagued by various internal disorders throughout his life, Gramsci completed secondary school in Cagliari, where he lodged with his elder brother Gennaro, a former soldier whose time on the mainland had made him a militant socialist.

However, Gramscis sympathies then did not lie with socialism, but rather with the grievances of impoverished Sardinian peasants, in , Gramsci won a scholarship to study at the University of Turin, sitting the exam at the same time as Palmiro Togliatti. At Turin, he read literature and took a keen interest in linguistics, Gramsci was in Turin as it was going through industrialization, with the Fiat and Lancia factories recruiting workers from poorer regions.

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Trade unions became established, and the first industrial social conflicts started to emerge, Gramsci frequented socialist circles as well as associating with Sardinian emigrants. He was the author of books, novels, collections of short stories, essays. Levi died in from injuries sustained in a fall from a third-story apartment landing and his death was officially ruled a suicide, but some have suggested that the fall was accidental.

Levi was born in in Turin, Italy, at Corso Re Umberto 75 and his father Cesare worked for the manufacturing firm Ganz and spent much of his time working abroad in Hungary, where Ganz was based. Cesare was a reader and autodidact. Levis mother Ester, known to everyone as Rina, was well educated and she too was an avid reader, played the piano, and spoke fluent French. The marriage between Rina and Cesare had been arranged by Rinas father, on their wedding day, Rinas father, Cesare Luzzati, gave Rina the apartment at Corso Re Umberto, where Primo Levi lived for almost his entire life.

In Anna Maria, Levis sister was born, he remained close to her all his life, in he entered the Felice Rignon primary school in Turin. A thin and delicate child, he was shy and thought he was ugly and his school record includes long periods of absence during which he was tutored at home, at first by Emilia Glauda and then by Marisa Zini, daughter of philosopher Zino Zini.

The children spent summers with their mother in the Waldensian valleys southwest of Turin and his father remained in the city, partly because of his dislike of the rural life, but also because of his infidelities. In September Levi entered the Massimo dAzeglio Royal Gymnasium a year ahead of normal entrance requirements, in class he was the youngest, the shortest and the cleverest, as well as being the only Jew.

For these reasons, he was bullied, in August , following two years at the Talmud Torah school in Turin, he sang in the local synagogue for his Bar Mitzvah. In , as was expected of all young Italian schoolboys and he avoided rifle drill by joining the ski division, and spent every Saturday during the season on the slopes above Turin.

As a young boy Levi was plagued by illness, particularly chest infections, in his teens, Levi and a few friends would sneak into a disused sports stadium and conduct athletic competitions. In July at the age of 14, he sat the exams for the Massimo dAzeglio liceo classico, a Lyceum specializing in the classics, and was admitted that year. The school was noted for its well-known anti-Fascist teachers, among them the philosopher Norberto Bobbio, and Cesare Pavese, Levi continued to be bullied during his time at the Lyceum, although six other Jews were in his class.

Upon reading Concerning the Nature of Things by Sir William Bragg, distracted and terrified by the draft accusation, he failed the exam—the first poor grade of his life—and was devastated. His father was able to him out of the Navy by enrolling him in the Fascist militia. Poli assumed the nom de plume Saba in , and his name was changed to Umberto Saba in From he was the proprietor of a bookshop in Trieste. He suffered from all his adult life. Sabas Christian father, year-old Ugo Eduardo Poli, converted to Judaism in order to marry year-old Felicita Rachele Coen in July , Felicita was one month pregnant with Umberto at the time of the wedding.

Saba was a reader who kept pet birds and studied the violin. In he transferred from the Gymnasium to a college, the Imperial Academy of Commerce and Navigation. In he began composing poetry, signing his work Umberto Chopin Poli, in January Saba travelled to Pisa to study archaeology, German and Latin, but began to complain of a nervous disorder and, in June, returned to Trieste.

Celestino e la famiglia Gentilissimi (Italian Edition) - Kindle edition by Achille Campanile. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or. Celestino e la famiglia Gentilissimi: Libero adattamento da Achille Campanile ( Italian Edition) - Kindle edition by Mila Venturini, Mariolina Camilleri. Download it .

After a holiday in Slovenia, he spent some time later that year in Switzerland, writing a play. Between and he completed a year of Italian military service in an infantry unit based in Salerno. He married Lina in a Jewish ceremony in , and they had a daughter, Linuccia, in November his first collection of poems, Poesie, was published under the name Saba, and the name was legally recognised as his surname in This choice of name is thought by scholars to be an homage to his Jewish mother, while others point to the similarity with his wet-nurses surname.

Destitute, in the family moved to Milan, where Saba found work first as a secretary, then as a nightclub manager.

The business produced enough income to support the family, and Saba soon became enthusiastic about buying and selling rare old books and he self-published the first edition of his Songbook in In he began psychoanalysis under the influential Trieste psychoanalyst Edoardo Weiss, after being prescribed injectable opium for his depression, from onwards Saba was frequently admitted to a Rome nursing home for treatment of addiction.

At the age of 70, in , the University of Rome bestowed upon him an honorary doctorate and he died at the age of 74 in Gorizia, nine months after a heart attack, and a year after the death of his wife. Surreal humour — Surreal humour is a form of humour predicated on deliberate violations of causal reasoning, producing events and behaviours that are obviously illogical.

Constructions of surreal humour tend to involve bizarre juxtapositions, non-sequiturs, the humour arises from a subversion of audiences expectations, so that amusement is founded on unpredictability, separate from a logical analysis of the situation. The humour derived gets its appeal from the fact that the situation described is so ridiculous or unlikely, the genre has roots in Surrealism in the arts. People speak of surreal humour when illogic and absurdity are used for humorous effect, many of Edward Lears children stories and poems contain nonsense and are basically surreal in approach.

Besides that, it was bordered by evanescent isthmuses with a great Gulf-stream running about all over it, so that it was perfectly beautiful, and contained only a single tree, feet high. In the early 20th century, several movements, including the dadaists, surrealists.

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The goals of these movements were in some serious, and they were committed to undermining the solemnity. As a result, much of their art was intentionally amusing, a famous example is Marcel Duchamps Fountain, an inverted urinal signed R.

Amazon Business Service for business customers. The years leading to World War II were difficult for Moravia as an author, in he traveled to the United States to give a lecture series on Italian literature. It is also notable for not telling whodunnit at the end, there is some debate amongst scholars as regards Gaddas sexual orientation. Provide feedback about this page. Raffaele Nigro , sec.

This became one of the most famous and influential pieces of art in history and it is also a joke, relying on the inversion of the items function as expressed by its title as well as its incongruous presence in an art exhibition. In the United States, S. Perelman has been identified as the first surrealist humour writer, artists like Yoko Ono, Andy Warhol, Donald Barthelme, Italo Calvino, John Hodgman, and many others have relied on this technique in their work. Surrealist humour has played an important role in culture, especially since The Goon Show, Ernie Kovacs.

Spike Milligan has been an influence with his absurdist pieces. One of his earliest works in radio, The Goon Show, has inspired many other absurdist comedians and was popular at the time. In the s, when the alternative comedy era had begun, absurdist comedians were working the circuit, with the success of The Comic Strip Presents. Featuring as one of the first aired pieces for Channel 4 and this was a very absurdist sitcom based on four university students.

Word play — Word play or wordplay is a literary technique and a form of wit in which the words that are used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement. Word play is common in oral cultures as a method of reinforcing meaning. Examples of text-based word play are found in languages with or without alphabet-based scripts, for example, linguistic fossils and set phrases are often manipulated for word play, as in Wellerisms, Well have to rehearse that, said the undertaker as the coffin fell out of the car.

Another use of fossils is in using antonyms of unpaired words — I was well-coiffed and sheveled, most writers engage in word play to some extent, but certain writers are particularly committed to, or adept at, word play as a major feature of their work. Shakespeares quibbles have made him a noted punster, wodehouse was hailed by The Times as a comic genius recognized in his lifetime as a classic and an old master of farce for his own acclaimed wordplay.

James Joyce, author of Ulysses, is another noted word-player, an epitaph, probably unassigned to any grave, demonstrates use in rhyme. Crossword puzzles often employ wordplay to challenge solvers, cryptic crosswords especially are based on elaborate systems of wordplay.

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Young Thug used a play on words in his verse on Sacrifices by Drake featuring 2 Chainz, Ima use her name, like, Who is he. I said Ima username, like, Who is he, word play can enter common usage as neologisms. Word play is closely related to games, that is. See also language game for a linguists variation, etymology Figure of speech List of forms of word play Metaphor Simile A categorized taxonomy of word play composed of record-holding words.

Anselmo Bucci — Anselmo Bucci was an Italian painter and printmaker. During the s, when he divided his time between Milan and Paris, Neoclassical rigidity gave way to freedom in his painting. Media related to Anselmo Bucci at Wikimedia Commons. Rossi — Vittorio Giovanni Rossi was an Italian journalist and writer. Margherita Ligure cemetery, where is also his dedicated museum, inside the beautiful Villa Durazzo. He was special correspondent of the Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera, in his life he has been also shipmaster and officer, sailor and steersman, deep-sea diver and fisherman, caravaneer and miner.

Margherita Ligure, Italy V. He belongs to the tradition of the innovators, writers that played with the somewhat stiff standard pre-war Italian language. Gadda was an engineer from Milan, and he both loved and hated his job. Critics have compared him to writers with a scientific background, such as Primo Levi, Robert Musil. Among Gaddas styles and genres are baroque, expressionism and grotesque, Carlo Emilio Gadda was born in Milan in , and he was always intensely Milanese, although late in his life Florence and Rome also became an influence.

Gaddas father died in , leaving the family in reduced economic conditions, the paternal business ineptitude and the maternal obsession for keeping face and appearances turn up strongly in La cognizione del dolore. He studied in Milan, and while studying at the Politecnico di Milano, during the war he was a lieutenant of the Alpini corps, and led a machine-gun team. He was taken prisoner with his squad during the battle of Caporetto in October , Gadda, who was a fervent nationalist at the time, was deeply humiliated by the months he had to spend in a German POW camp.