Learning to Say Satoraljaujhely
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Know Before You Go Located in the town hall building. Anonymously sculpted and donated, these sculptures made from poetry books and pages are sprinkled around the city. More than a million titles fill the labyrinthine shelves of this prestigious private library. This public library and its impressive collection of academic books have not changed since the 17th century.
They took those people to the ghetto too. There were someincidents as Ella Hajos, a clerk, took her own life as she could not face thehorrors of the future. The whole resettlement took place in four days. In that short period theyfound time to organise a special auction of the animals which hadbelonged to the Jews, as they could not let the animals suffer hunger,unlike the human beings…They took care of the harmless lunatics too, those who were not a publicdanger: The conditions there werecrowded and there was a danger of epidemic infection. To handle thisinfection was entrusted to the Jewish doctors in the ghetto.
Josef Azary-Piroda, the chief town clerk, proposed to the higher authorities, totransfer the Jews, as those crammed conditions were a centre of infectionand could spread to the town. The proposal was accepted…The bureaucratic machine ground on even in this tragic situation: History has given the answer, withthe adverse outcome that for most of the elderly it was a permanent17situation. It took them from 16 May to 1 June to transport the Jews. In theghetto the situation was so terrible, so cramped and the privations sounbearable that consequently the Jews went of their own accord, withoutresistance towards the wagons, figuring that whatever happened could notbe worse than they had already endured.
First they assembled the people who were destined for deportation in thesynagogue. They checked their parcels and took any small hiddenvaluables, occasionally in the course of these searches they beat the Jews. They loaded 80 people in a cattle truck and byJune not one Jew was left in Ujhely, a situation which had never occurredsince the town had been established. The previous sentence notwithstanding, there were some Jews left. This man fed them and looked after all fourmembers of the family until the Russian troops arrived in December.
Theparents have died by now, but as far as I know one son lives in Budapestand the other in Israel. There is talk of a similar occurrence in Tolcsva,where a whole family was hidden in a gigantic concrete barrel, but I wasnot able to substantiate that. Now the hunt for Jewish assets started. Some were given — from the ownerto a trusted person — for safe keeping, but much was unlawfullyappropriated: I have to mention here that the assets whichwere given for safe keeping — sometimes very valuable — were only partlyaccepted for noble reasons, and some people escaped with them toAustria or Germany.
But there were instances where the objects werereally kept safe with the people who were entrusted with, they werehanded back, if there were anybody alive to whom it belonged. Thosetrusted persons were primary the cooks, who served in the Jewish family. Much has been written about the horrors of the camps. All the mental and18corporal torments have been chronicled by some of the survivors.
For thisreason I do not want to go in details, giving only the recollection of someof the survivors from Ujhely. There, he was engaged in road building, then he had to carry corpses,finally as a watchmaker, he assembled explosives, — despite the everconstant danger of detonation he was at last working inside — and receivedminimal food. He was there until April , when the Russian armyreached them.
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Hirsch, the rabbi fromUjhely presented himself and said they should put him to death instead ofthe escapee, as he was already old. And they executed him…But, we have heard stories to the contrary too, as people react differentlyin the shadow of death. There were men, even women, who for theslightest privilege, such as a few morsels of food, betrayed their fellowsufferers, disclosed their covert valuables, or made known their escapeplans.
I know about someone who is alive, but has not dared to come backto Ujhely, as he is afraid of the just revenge of his co-religionists. But nobody was eating! On the otherhand an elderly German solder occasionally gave to one or other prisonera biscuit, or a piece of bread with margarine. At a rough guess, 1, Jewish citizens from Ujhely perished in the hell ofthose concentration camps. In the new Jewish cemetery a humblegravestone commemorates their memory, but the painful remembrance ofthem will live for many of us in our heart until we die. Imre Szamek, who is a resident here, Jews cameback to Ujhely from the concentration camps, but this number includespeople from the neighbouring countryside as well.
The people from the19forced labour camps came back in relatively larger numbers.
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In a sense itis understandable, as although they were there in the inhuman conditionslonger, they were generally young, healthy men who could endure morethan the old, the women, and the children in the concentration camps. After , the life of the Jewish community moved in contrastingdirections. In the first two years, the people who returned started with agreat urge to rebuild their old lives.
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Frequently were the new marriages,as there very few families where both of the spouses came back. Lots oflittle photographs were in the homes of these new families, inremembrance of the perished children. They found employment andstarted working. I have not any knowledge of personal vendetta in Ujhely,partly because of the presence of the Russian army, but partly becausethe leaders who brought in the spiteful merciless measures of the waryears left with the German army, and never returned. In an ArrowCross guard was hanged in the prison court, after the judicial hearingfound him guilty.
The county of Zemplenwas abolished, they took all the establishments, like county hall, schoolinspectorsoffice, administration of inland revenues, state constructingmanagement and moved them to Miskolc. That meant that hundreds ofpeople had to endure every day twice the 80 km journey, and certainlynot in the best of conditions. With the never before experienced hermetically closed Czechoslovakborder, the town regressed more and more. Satoraljaujhely became a ghost town, and was even put on an official listof towns that would be allowed to wither. The returned local Jewish community sensed those circumstances andresponded accordingly.
At one time so many peoplelived in Caracas from Ujhely, that the local indestructible humour20suggested that Caracas be incorporated as a sister city. A number of people went to live in Miskolc or Budapest. The Jews whostayed were mostly elderly married couples, some shop owners, or bankclerks. In Ujhelyat the uprising that community, small in numbers and advanced in years,did not participate, instead they kept their distance from the events ofthat year.
During the war he lived in Israel, but after the war he came back to settlein Ujhely. He remarried, had a child, and managed the tobacco shop. In he emigrated again, went back to Israel. His motivation for thatdecision was his general impression that the slightest antagonism entails afresh rise of anti-Semitism. After all he said and despite the decision hemade, he never really felt that Israel was his country. To his very last dayshe fought against homesickness.
Nevertheless, he decided that time thathe could only feel secure among his own people and left his native land tosettle in Israel with his family. Until his death he sent fabulousphotographs, which he had taken, mainly portraits from Israel, and yetbetween every line, I could see his nostalgia, his displaced status. And a lot of others, the middle-aged intellectuals and businessmenfollowed the exodus after and left Ujhely for the same reasons. In the seventies, we witnessed the start of a nostalgic return home for avisit, and to look for old friends and seek memories.
The visitors aretypically first generations who do not feel home neither there nor here. There are hardly any Jews left in Ujhely. The latest I have seen were theMenczel couple, who were promenading Saturday morning on the mainstreet, as once upon a time was the practice of the hundreds of Jewishinhabitants in Ujhely.
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They are 4 men and 7 widows. Lipot Klein from Budapest is acting on their behalf, he is the one whois helping in all religious matters, and his deputy in Ujhely is Mrs. Typical is the fate of the widow Mrs. Gottlieb nee Lea Friedman, whosupplied me with the particulars that I needed. She was a manager in ashop, today she is a pensioner, who lives with her ailing son in theirfamily home. She, as so many local Jewish girls attended the higherelementary public school where the teachers, characteristically did notdiscriminate between Jewish or Catholic children.
On the whole that wasthe custom in the other schools as well. After so many years of sufferings,she still speaks with affection about some of her teachers Mrs. In her report on the situation of today she speaks with bitterness. Even today she feels stigmatised,not only because of the effect of her Auschwitz number on her forearm,but socially as well. To this naturally contributes her personal strokes offate and feelings of isolation. There is hardly anyone of that communityin the town now, however occasionally we find anti-Semitism, mainlyamong those youngsters who have never met any Jewish person.
I feel that, just like disappearing trades and folk art should be preservedfor posterity, small town liberal sentiments, such as Jewish and Christiancoexistence, also deserve to be remembered.
There are different reasons. First we wanted to give a true picture of that period. We tried hard to translate it word by word, torender it how she wanted to tell her story. Last but not least, English isnot our mother tongue. Our younger son, John, looked over ourgrammatical mistakes and helped all the way in preparing this work. At the end of the publication Mrs. We have not translated the full details she has given about eachof them, but to keep the spirit of the publication and to place their nameson the record, we have listed them below.
Some of them were born there,some of them lived there, but all of them contributed to the highstandards of this town. My fathers family came from this city. Any information you may have in your records of this family would be highly appreciated. My father, is still alive, however very sick. My father came to Sweden after the liberation of B-Belsen and has lived there since. My mother, my sister and I know very little about his past. Greetings to you and thank you for posting this information! Any information you may have would be appreciated. I have alot of information about his father, siblings but not him.
I would appreciate anything you can give me and I will share what I have. I would like to hear from you. They had I think all or all but 1 daughter were born there. Illona, Mina or Margaret, Teema, and Sima, the only surviving sister. And they were basically hairdressers the daughters. My Grandfather was a Shoemaker, which his eldest son my beloved Uncle Jacob, rest his kind and sensitive soul also did, and he use to make me shoes, my dad just need to outline my foot when I was a kid and a few weeks later I had handmade real leather shoes that didnt pinch.
I was proud to be able to say that my Uncle made my shoes, nobody else in Hebrew school could brag about that. My Grandmother and all her daugthers but Sima died in Belzec in They had moved to Gorlice where her 6 sons were born. They shot him where he stood at Gestapo headquarters. Glad to see others are not forgetting the martyrs of this little town on the border.
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Peace to all of you. As an aside, I dont know if my Grandmother was an only child, nothing is mentioned of other siblings of hers in the Gorlice memorial book, for all I know, she may have had Aunts Uncles, Cousins. And we know how hard it is to find such records, even with the butcher paperpusher Eichman involved in their murder and we know how he loved to keep records, bastard. I am so excited that I found this website.
Sátoraljaújhely, Hungary
The information has provided me with confirmation of some names on my family tree. My father was born in Satoraljaujhely-his name was Geno Gluck-changed to Eugene Gluck when he immigrated to the US as a 16 year old in ,luckily just bebore the Nazis got there. My mother family came from Saturaljaujhely. My maternal grandfather Leopold Jurovics, his wife Frida nee Hamerman their 7 children died in Birkenau on 15th June Only my mother Adel who was deaf and at the times stayed at the School ofr the Deaf in Budapest, survived.
My Maternal grandmother wrote books, she used pseudonym name, i wish I knew what. Her mother died by birth of the twins in she beried in ujhely. My fathers family came from the city of Satoraljaujhely. My grandfathers name was Josef Tanczos. I would like to learn about my family. My grandmother, Mary Nehez, was also born in Hungary. Please advise as to how I can find some information. Don't have an account? Update your profile Let us wish you a happy birthday!
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