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Operational equivalence was analyzed through Translation and back-translation a literature review focusing on operational models of In the second step, the scale was translated from other childhood anxiety instruments available in Brazil. English into Brazilian Portuguese and then back- The results of this review were also discussed with two translated into English.
Two independent translators experts in the ield: This synthesized version was then back-translated independently by two other translators, and again a third one synthesized both back-translations Results into a single version in English. The aspects or areas where forward-translation version, and the synthesized back- differences emerged over the cross-cultural adaptation translation version were all evaluated by an expert process are discussed.
The reviews and studies that employ the basic concept of objective was to make sure that the translation process the original instrument in the assessment of the target Trends Psychiatry Psychother.
Few items showed discrepancies between the our results with experts in the ields of childhood versions of the two independent translators and of the psychopathology and cross-cultural adaptation of two back-translators, which facilitated the task of the instruments. The evidence of equivalence between SCAS items in both the expert committee checked the synthesized forward- and original and the Brazilian contexts.
Both experts agreed back-translations, comparing them to the original SCAS. After discussing this issue, adjustments were performed However, both experts identiied problems in one and a decision was reached about the inal wording of speciic item of the SCAS, present in both the child and items in the SCAS-Brasil. Table 1 shows the original the parent versions: Out of the eight children selected for That consideration was taken into account and this item this stage, only one had dificulty rephrasing the items: When the items Also, one of the experts stressed a possible problem were read aloud by a research assistant, he was able to in another item of the parent version: There were no other sources of dificulty regarding Finally, the experts suggested the inclusion of the format, instructions, method of assessment, or new items to investigate anxiety characteristics that measurement methods of the SCAS in the Brazilian are relevant in Brazilian settings.
For instance, they context. The review of the literature also demonstrated suggested the inclusion of an item speciically referring that many of the instruments used for assessing anxiety to phobia symptoms related to burglars and thieves.
As mentioned before, this concept is based on to improve the accuracy of the adaptation process and diagnostic criteria set forth in the DSM-IV28 for childhood compile evidence of the equivalence of all language anxiety disorders. The SCAS-Brasil here presented seems to be very separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder or similar to the original SCAS, suggesting that future cross- social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic cultural studies may beneit from this early version.
For example, next steps could include represented by the SCAS items tend to be universal, administering the scale to Brazilian samples of children and are therefore also used by Brazilian practitioners and adolescents, so as to collect evidence of instrument and investigators to study anxiety disorders in Brazilian validity based on psychometric properties of the SCAS- populations.
The scale can be used in community settings, necessary to ind English or Portuguese native-speaker serving as a screening tool to identify children at risk linguists or translators with excellent luency and a long for developing anxiety disorders, assisting in preventive experience working with both languages.
It can also be used in academic settings, was also caused by inancial constraints: As a result, the time structure among children and adolescents. Prevalence of mental disorders present study was providing evidence for the need of based on general population surveys.
Soc Psychiatry alternatives to the self-answered mode of administration Psychiatr Epidemiol. Investigating the operational equivalence of 2. Hollander EH, Simeon D.
Khanna P, Carmena JM. Sem medo de ter medo: A review and meta-analysis of the genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders. Marks I, Lader M. When the items Also, one of the experts stressed a possible problem were read aloud by a research assistant, he was able to in another item of the parent version: A neural network underlying intentional emotional facial expression in neurodegenerative disease.
The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry. Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence.
The prevention of child and adolescent anxiety: Even though the SCAS is a well-established scale, ; Anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence: J Pediatr Rio J. Fleitlich-Bilyk B, Goodman R.
Prevalence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in southeast Brazil. Childhood anxiety and assessment assessment of childhood anxiety in Brazil. Rev Bras Waters A.
Eshleman S, et al. Lifetime and month prevalence of Anxiety disorder symptoms Separation anxiety disorder and other anxiety Spanish textbook of psychiatry.
What do childhood anxiety disorders predict? J standardization of the scale on samples of children and Child Psychol Psychiatry. The risk for early- University; Cost-of-illness Psychiatry Hum Dev.