Lets All Shut Up and Make Money!: Hong Kongs Last 100 Days as a British Colony (cartoon history)

Let's All Shut Up and Make Money! Hong Kong's Last 100 Days as a British Colony

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Prime Minister Harold Macmillan claimed that "the luxuries of the rich have become the necessities of the poor. Keynesian economic management enabled British workers to enjoy a golden age of full employment which, combined with a more relaxed attitude towards working mothers, led to the spread of the two-income family.

In addition, as noted by John Burnett,. What was equally striking was that ownership of such things had spread down the social scale and the gap between professional and manual workers had considerably narrowed.

The provision of household amenities steadily improved during the second half of the twentieth century. Between and , however, Britain was overtaken by most of the countries of the European Common Market in terms of the number of telephones, refrigerators, television sets, cars, and washing machines per of the population although Britain remained high in terms of bathrooms and lavatories per people.

Although the British standard of living was increasing, the standard of living in other countries increased faster. In ten years, from having had a much higher standard of living than the continent, they have slipped right back. Britain's control over its Empire loosened during the interwar period. Nationalism strengthened in other parts of the empire, particularly in India and in Egypt.

They became charter members of the British Commonwealth of Nations known as the Commonwealth of Nations since , an informal but close-knit association that succeeded the British Empire. Beginning with the independence of India and Pakistan in , the remainder of the British Empire was almost completely dismantled. Today, most of Britain's former colonies belong to the Commonwealth, almost all of them as independent members. There are, however, 13 former British colonies, including Bermuda , Gibraltar , the Falkland Islands , and others, which have elected to continue rule by London and are known as British Overseas Territories.

His goals were blocked by militant Protestants led by the Rev. British leaders feared their withdrawal would give a "Doomsday Scenario", with widespread communal strife, followed by the mass exodus of hundreds of thousands of refugees. London shut down Northern Ireland's parliament and began direct rule. By the s, the failure of the IRA campaign to win mass public support or achieve its aim of a British withdrawal led to negotiations that in produced the ' Good Friday Agreement '. It won popular support and largely ended the Troubles. After the relative prosperity of the s and s, the UK experienced extreme industrial strife and stagflation through the s following a global economic downturn; Labour had returned to government in under Harold Wilson to end 13 years of Conservative rule.

The Conservatives were restored to government in under Edward Heath , who failed to halt the country's economic decline and was ousted in as Labour returned to power under Harold Wilson. The economic crisis deepened following Wilson's return and things fared little better under his successor James Callaghan. A strict modernisation of its economy began under the controversial Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher following her election as prime minister in , which saw a time of record unemployment as deindustrialisation saw the end of much of the country's manufacturing industries but also a time of economic boom as stock markets became liberalised and State-owned industries became privatised.

Her rise to power was seen as the symbolic end of the time in which the British economy had become the "sick man" of western Europe. However the miners' strike of — sparked the end of most of the UK's coal mining. The exploitation of North Sea gas and oil brought in substantial tax and export revenues to aid the new economic boom. This was also the time that the IRA took the issue of Northern Ireland to Great Britain, maintaining a prolonged bombing campaign on the British mainland.

After the economic boom of the s a brief but severe recession occurred between and following the economic chaos of Black Wednesday under government of John Major , who had succeeded Margaret Thatcher in However the rest of the s saw the beginning of a period of continuous economic growth that lasted over 16 years and was greatly expanded under the New Labour government of Tony Blair following his landslide election victory in , with a rejuvenated party having abandoned its commitment to policies including nuclear disarmament and nationalisation of key industries, and no reversal of the Thatcher-led union reforms.

From up until , income per head had doubled, while ownership of various household goods had significantly increased. Holiday entitlements had also become more generous. In , nine out of ten full-time manual workers were entitled to more than four weeks of paid holiday a year, while twenty years previously only two-thirds had been allowed three weeks or more. The postwar period also witnessed significant improvements in housing conditions.

By the s, most homes had these amenities together with central heating, which was a luxury just two decades before. Britain's wish to join the Common Market as the European Economic Community was known in Britain was first expressed in July by the Macmillan government. It was vetoed in by French President Charles de Gaulle. Like the first, though, it was vetoed by de Gaulle. In opposition, the Labour Party was deeply divided, though its Leader, Harold Wilson, remained in favour. In the General Election, the Labour Party manifesto included a pledge to renegotiate terms for Britain's membership and then hold a referendum on whether to stay in the EC on the new terms.

This was a constitutional procedure without precedent in British history. In the subsequent referendum campaign, rather than the normal British tradition of "collective responsibility", under which the government takes a policy position which all cabinet members are required to support publicly, members of the Government and the Conservative opposition were free to present their views on either side of the question.

A referendum was duly held on 5 June , and the proposition to continue membership was passed with a substantial majority. In , the Conservative government under John Major ratified it, against the opposition of his backbench Maastricht Rebels.

The Treaty of Lisbon introduced many changes to the treaties of the Union. Prominent changes included more qualified majority voting in the Council of Ministers , increased involvement of the European Parliament in the legislative process through extended codecision with the Council of Ministers, eliminating the pillar system and the creation of a President of the European Council with a term of two and a half years and a High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy to present a united position on EU policies.

The Treaty of Lisbon will also make the Union's human rights charter, the Charter of Fundamental Rights , legally binding. In July , the Labour government under Gordon Brown approved the treaty and the Queen ratified it. On 11 September , on the th anniversary of the Scottish victory over the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge , a referendum was held on establishing a devolved Scottish Parliament. This resulted in an overwhelming 'yes' vote both to establishing the parliament and granting it limited tax varying powers. One week later, a referendum in Wales on establishing a Welsh Assembly was also approved but with a very narrow majority.

The first elections were held, and these bodies began to operate, in The creation of these bodies has widened the differences between the Countries of the United Kingdom , especially in areas like healthcare. In the General Election , the Labour Party won a second successive victory, though voter turnout dropped to the lowest level for more than 80 years. Bush launching the War on Terror , beginning with the invasion of Afghanistan aided by British troops in October Thereafter, with the US focus shifting to Iraq, Tony Blair convinced the Labour and Conservative MPs to vote in favour of supporting the invasion of Iraq , despite huge anti-war marches held in London and Glasgow.

Forty-six thousand British troops, one-third of the total strength of the Army's land forces, were deployed to assist with the invasion of Iraq and thereafter British armed forces were responsible for security in southern Iraq. All British forces were withdrawn in The Labour Party won the general election and a third consecutive term.

They formed a minority government with plans to hold a referendum before to seek a mandate "to negotiate with the Government of the United Kingdom to achieve independence for Scotland. The response of the unionist parties was to establish the Calman Commission to examine further devolution of powers, [] a position that had the support of the Prime Minister.

Responding to the findings of the review, the UK government announced on 25 November , that new powers would be devolved to the Scottish Government , notably on how it can raise tax and carry out capital borrowing, and the running of Scottish Parliament elections. Scottish Constitution Minister Michael Russell criticised the white paper, calling it "flimsy" and stating that their proposed Referendum Scotland Bill, , whose own white paper was to be published five days later, would be "more substantial".

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The election saw a decisive victory for the SNP which was able to form a majority government intent on delivering a referendum on independence. In the wake of the global economic crisis of , the United Kingdom economy contracted, experiencing negative economic growth throughout The announcement in November that the economy had shrunk for the first time since late brought an end to 16 years of continuous economic growth. The plan comprised three parts.: With the UK officially coming out of recession in the fourth quarter of —ending six consecutive quarters of economic decline—the Bank of England decided against further quantitative easing.

The United Kingdom General Election of 6 May resulted in the first hung parliament since , with the Conservative Party winning the largest number of seats, but falling short of the seats required for an overall majority. Under the coalition government, British military aircraft participated in the UN-mandated intervention in the Libyan civil war , flying a total of 3, air sorties against forces loyal to the Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi between March and October In late October , the prime ministers of the Commonwealth realms voted to grant gender equality in the royal succession , ending the male-preference primogeniture that was mandated by the Act of Settlement On 18 September, a referendum was held in Scotland on whether to leave the United Kingdom and become an independent country.

Days before the vote, with the opinion polls closing, the three Better Together party leaders issued 'The Vow' , a promise of more powers for Scotland in the event of a No vote. The election was held on 7 May with pre-election polls all predicting a close race and a hung parliament. The surprising result on the night was a clear victory by the Conservative Party: The other most significant result of the election was the Scottish National Party winning all but three of the 59 seats in Scotland, a gain of This had been widely forecast as opinion polls had recorded a surge in support for the SNP following the independence referendum, and SNP party membership had more than quadrupled from 25, to over ,, meaning that 1 in every 50 of the population of Scotland was a party member.

The Liberal Democrats lost 49 of their 57 seats, as they were punished for their decision to form a coalition with the conservatives in On 20 February , British Prime Minister David Cameron announced that a referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union would be held on 23 June , following years of campaigning by eurosceptics. Debates and campaigns by parties supporting both "Remain" and "Leave" focused on concerns regarding trade and the single market , security , migration and sovereignty.

The result of the referendum was in favour of the country leaving the EU with This started negotiations on a withdrawal agreement that will last no more than two years unless the Council and the UK agree to extend the negotiation period , before an exit from the European Union on 29 March From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Part of a series on the. History of women Military history. Early Modern Britain and Georgian era. Treaty of Union and Acts of Union Union of the Crowns and History of the formation of the United Kingdom.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Act of Union and Irish issue in British politics. The United Kingdom in the Napoleonic Wars. International relations of the Great Powers — Eastern Question and International relations of the Great Powers — United Kingdom and the American Civil War. Irish issue in British politics and Great Famine Ireland.

Sport in the United Kingdom. Great Depression in the United Kingdom. Postwar Britain and History of the United Kingdom —present. History of the United Kingdom —present. Scottish devolution and Welsh devolution. Scottish independence referendum, United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, and Brexit.

However, the actual name of the new state was Great Britain. However the name was not applied to the state as a unit; both England and Scotland continued to be governed independently. Its validity as a name of the Crown is also questioned, given that monarchs continued using separate ordinals e. To avoid confusion, historians generally avoid using the term King of Great Britain until and instead to match the ordinal usage call the monarchs kings or queens of England and Scotland.

Separate ordinals were abandoned when the two states merged in accordance with the Acts of Union , with subsequent monarchs using ordinals apparently based on English not Scottish history it might be argued that the monarchs have simply taken the higher ordinal, which to date has always been English.

Thus the term Great Britain is generally used from A History of Britain. Trevelyan, A shortened history of England p. America's Last King Fall , Vol. England — pp.

Let's All Shut Up and Make Money!: Hong Kong's Last 100 Days Under British Colonial Rule

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Childhood in Britain — p Thompson, Rise of Respectable Society: A Social History of Victorian Britain, — pp. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe: Anthony Morris, "Haldane's army reforms —8: Hexter, "The Protestant revival and the Catholic question in England, — Atlas of the Great Irish Famine presents broad-ranging coverage. Guinnane and Ronald I. Ensor, England — pp. Chamberlain, Hartington, and the Conservatives, — A Short History of the Liberal Party: The Road Back to Power.

Disraeli, Gladstone and revolution A History pp. A Biography pp. Sylvester, "Robert Lowe and the Education Act. The Victorians at War, — An Encyclopedia of British Military History. The Historiography of Gladstone and Disraeli. Ellenberger, "Salisbury" in David Loades, ed.

Reader's Guide to British History 2: A Political Biography Routledge, p. Marsh, The Discipline of Popular Government: Gladstone Diaries , X, pp. Lloyd George Replaces Asquith: The Issues Underlying the Drama. The Oxford Companion to British History. Aspects of British Political History — David Lloyd George in and Was Belgium an issue?

Steiner, Britain and the origins of the First World War pp — For Peace and Money: The Military Conversations — Asquith, Lloyd George and the Crisis of Liberalism". Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism. Beckett, The Great War: The Last Great War: British Society and the First World War. Beckett, The Home Front, — With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in Peacemaking after the First World War, — 2nd ed.

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A New History of the Labour Party pp. Mitchell, Abstract of British Historical Statistics pp. Journal of Contemporary History. The Paradox of Britain Between the Wars. The historiography of appeasement and British national identity. Journal of Economic History. Britain, —45 is the standard scholarly history. Havighurst, Britain in Transition: Europe, — Volume 4, p.

Peace and Social Change, —67 , p. Britain, —45 pp. Its origins and outcomes. A Political History pp. Beer, British Politics in the Collectivist Age pp. The Way We Were: Penguin Books Limited, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. Council Estates and Consumer Society. Random House, , pp. A History of the Global Economy. From to the Present. The UK and Europe". The British experience of irregular warfare. Archived from the original on 30 November Retrieved 30 November Black 18 May , "Scottish election: Cameron gives green light to referendum guardian. Retrieved 9 March Retrieved 20 October BBC, 28 October Retrieved 29 October Association of British Insurers.

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Britain Between the Wars, — online free to borrow Newman, Gerald, ed. Britain in the Hanoverian Age, — The Long Eighteenth Century: The Makers of British Foreign Policy: British political history, — England in the Eighteenth Century , short older survey by a leading expert. The Development of the British Economy, — 4th ed. Roberts, Clayton and David F. A History of England, Volume 2: A Social History — Rule, John. English Society — Searle, G. A History of Britain, Vol. The Fate of Empire — Simms, Brendan. Three Victories and a Defeat: The Reign of King George V , pp; wide-ranging political, social and economic coverage, —35; online free Taylor, A.

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His mother still wishes he were a doctor. Check his website at www. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Would you like to tell us about a lower price? If you are a seller for this product, would you like to suggest updates through seller support? The Hong Kong handover was no laughing matter Pre-handover supermarket specials Last-minute pregnancies before the one-child policy kicked in The greatest onslaught of tacky souvenirs in history The invasion of the foreign journalists Britain finally lifts a finger for Hong Kong This book contains the entire series, plus cartoons from Time, Geo Magazine, and several previously unpublished cartoons, as well as A Politically Incorrect View of the Handover.

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You'll laugh almost as loud as Chinese leaders laugh at Hong Kong people's calls for democracy. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. Would you like to tell us about a lower price? The Hong Kong handover was no laughing matter Pre-handover supermarket specials Last-minute pregnancies before the one-child policy kicked in The greatest onslaught of tacky souvenirs in history The invasion of the foreign journalists Britain finally lifts a finger for Hong Kong This book contains the entire series, plus cartoons from Time, Geo Magazine, and several previously unpublished cartoons, as well as A Politically Incorrect View of the Handover.

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Editorial Reviews Review "Feign has a piercing sense of irony and is laugh-out-loud funny. In early , months before Hong Kong's handover to Chinese rule, I was approached by the British daily newspaper The Independent to produce a daily cartoon diary of Hong Kong's final days before its reluctant date with destiny. Naturally, I leapt at this unique and historic opportunity. The cartoon medium enabled me to steer clear of the larger political issues in favor of smaller--but funnier--daily life concerns at the time: At the same time, Time Magazine offered me the opportunity to write and illustrate the first-ever full-page cartoon editorial to ever appear in its pages, for their special July issue.

Geo, a German glossy news magazine, offered me two full pages to do the same. All these cartoons were compiled into this book, forming a light-hearted zeitgeist of hapless Hong Kong at the end of an era. Twenty years later it's interesting to see which of my somewhat cynical predictions came true, and which haven't. Feel free to contact me, and find free cartoons for download, at my website larryfeign.

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