Anna Cannot Sleep: Early Readers Wonder Series
Contents:
Special details have been included to highlight the twenty-five month period during which Anne and her family hid in the Secret Annex, as well as the aftermath. The study questions for students are arranged in three parts. The second set of questions examines the relationship of Anne to the world outside the Annex.
The final set of questions considers the ongoing issues that Anne raised in her diary over fifty years ago.
Her perspective resonates with the feelings and attitudes of teenagers in the post-Holocaust generation. More than fifty years later, this diary has become one of the best-known memoirs of the Holocaust. When Anne received her diary, she and her family were living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, which was occupied by the German Army. On July 6, , her family was forced to go into hiding. Although they could take very few things with them, Anne brought her diary to her new home, which she called the "Secret Annex. She wrote about her life with the seven other people in hiding—her parents, her sister, the van Pels family called van Daan by Anne , and Fritz Pfeffer called Alfred Dussel by Anne , as well as the war going on around her and her hopes for the future.
As a result of a radio broadcast made by the Dutch government in exile asking people to save their wartime diaries for publication after the war, Anne decided to rewrite her diary entries. On August 4, , the Nazis raided the Secret Annex and arrested the residents. Tragically, Anne Frank did not survive the Holocaust.
Her father, Otto Frank, returned to Amsterdam after the war ended, the sole survivor among those who had hid in the Secret Annex. He decided to publish the diary so that readers would learn about the effects of the Nazi dictatorship and its process of dehumanization. He was told that no one wanted to read about the Holocaust.
The Diary of a Young Girl Teacher’s Guide
In June Contact published 1, copies of the first Dutch edition of the diary. Within years the Contact edition was translated into German, French, and English. Today this version is available in fifty-five languages, and over 24 million copies have been sold. Otto Frank quite deliberately excluded sections where Anne expressed negative feelings about her mother and others in the Annex, believing that Anne would not have wanted such views made public. Scholars associated with RIOD were particularly interested in refuting the accusations by neo-Nazi Holocaust deniers that the diary was a hoax.
To establish its validity, RIOD performed tests on the paper, ink, and glue used in the diary, proving that it was written during the s. This edition is often used as the scholarly, research-oriented version of the diary and contains all of the entries that Otto Frank and the Contact Publishers had removed from the original edition. Entries that Anne rewrote after March are placed next to the original entries to show her development as a writer. The edition also includes transcripts of the tests verifying the authenticity of the diary, as well as some of the short stories and sketches written in the annex.
This edition, based on a new English translation of the original Dutch text, contains entries that both Otto Frank and Contact Publishers omitted from the edition. By restoring sections from the original diary, the edition makes readers aware of the complexity and sensitivity of Anne Frank, an adolescent struggling to find her own identity amid turbulent and uncertain times. Anne and her older sister, Margot, were raised in Germany in an atmosphere of tolerance; the Franks had friends of many faiths and nationalities.
However, the circumstances of the early s dramatically altered the situation for the Frank family. The Nazis blamed the Jews for the economic, political, and social hardships that had befallen Germany, though less than 1 percent of the German population was Jewish. Many German Jews felt this to be a passing phenomenon, while others, including the Frank family, decided to leave Germany altogether.
The Franks decided to move to Amsterdam, the Netherlands, which had been known for centuries as a safe haven for religious minorities. By the mids the Franks were settling into a normal routine in their apartment at 37 Merwedeplein: In Otto expanded his business, going into partnership with the spice merchant Hermann van Pels, also a Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany.
In the first years of the occupation, Anne and Margot continued to socialize with their friends and attend school. But the Nazi administration, in conjunction with the Dutch Nazi Party and civil service, began issuing anti-Jewish decrees. As Anne wrote on June 20, Our freedom was severely restricted by a series of anti-Jewish decrees: Jews were required to wear a yellow star; Jews were required to turn in their bicycles; Jews were forbidden to use streetcars; Jews were forbidden to ride in cars, even their own; Jews were required to do their shopping between 3 and 5 p.
All Jews had to register their businesses and, later, surrender them to non-Jews. Fortunately, Otto Frank, in anticipation of this decree, had already turned his business over to his non-Jewish colleagues Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman. By mass arrests of Jews and mandatory service in German work camps were becoming routine. Fearful for their lives, the Frank family began to prepare to go into hiding. In addition, people on the office staff at the Dutch Opekta Company had agreed to help them. Frank also made arrangements for his business partner, Hermann van Pels, along with his wife, Auguste, and their son, Peter, to share the Prinsengracht hideaway.
While these preparations were secretly under way, Anne celebrated her thirteenth birthday on June 12, On July 5, , her sister, Margot, received a call-up notice to be deported to a "work camp. Margot told me that the call-up was not for Father, but for her. At this second shock, I began to cry. Margot is sixteen—apparently they want to send girls her age away on their own.
Hiding…where would we hide? They hurriedly packed their belongings and left notes implying that they had left the country. On the evening of July 6, they moved into their hiding place. A week later, on July 13, the van Pels family joined the Franks. On November 16, , the seven residents of the Secret Annex were joined by its eighth and final resident, Fritz Pfeffer.
For two years the Franks were part of an extended family in the Annex, sharing a confined space and living under constant dread of detection and arrest by the Nazis and their Dutch sympathizers. They also lived in fear of break-ins, which became common during the occupation. Their only link to the outside world was through their helpers and radio broadcasts from the BBC. For Anne, the normal stresses of changing from a child to a teenager to a young woman were heightened by the confined space.
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She recorded all of this in her diary. Part of her entry for Friday, December 24, , reads: Whenever someone comes in from outside, with the wind in their clothes and the cold on their cheeks, I feel like burying my head under the blankets to keep from thinking, "When will we be allowed to breathe fresh air again? At approximately 10 a. A Nazi policeman and several Dutch collaborators appeared at Prinsengracht, having received an anonymous phone call about Jews hiding there, and charged straight for the bookcase leading to the Secret Annex.
Karl Josef Silberbauer, an Austrian Nazi, forced the residents to turn over all valuables. When he found out that Otto Frank had been a lieutenant in the German Army during World War I, he treated the family with a little more respect. The residents were taken from the house, forced onto a covered truck, taken to the Central Office for Jewish Emigration, and then to Weteringschans Prison.
Two of the helpers, Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman, were also imprisoned, for their role in hiding the prisoners. Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl were not arrested, although Miep was brought in for questioning by the police. The Nazi and Dutch police left the Secret Annex a mess. The floor was strewn with clothing, paperwork, and other belongings of those who had been hiding there. Miep brought the diary downstairs, where she kept it hidden in her desk.
About a week later the Nazis emptied out the entire Annex. On August 8, , after a brief stay in Weteringschans Prison, the residents of the Secret Annex were moved to Westerbork transit camp.
They remained there for nearly a month, until September 3, when they were transported to the Auschwitz death camp in Poland. Ironically, it was the last Auschwitz-bound transport ever to leave Westerbork. Upon arrival at Auschwitz, the men were separated from the women. Hermann van Pels was the first to die. He was soon murdered in the gas chambers.
Fritz Pfeffer was moved to Neuengamme concentration camp in Germany probably via Sachsenhausen or Buchenwald , where he died on December 20, In October Anne, Margot, and Mrs. Thousands died from planned starvation and epidemics at Bergen-Belsen, which was without food, heat, medicine, or elementary sanitary conditions. Anne and Margot, already debilitated, contracted typhus and grew ever sicker. Both Anne, fifteen years old, and Margot, nineteen years old, died in March, Her son Peter was sent from Auschwitz on a death march. He survived the march but died in Mauthausen in Austria, on May 5, , a few days before the camp was liberated.
Otto Frank, the only resident of the annex to survive the Holocaust, returned to Amsterdam after the war. He was totally unaware of the deaths of his daughters. He searched all possible leads to locate them before learning from a woman who had been with the sisters in the barracks at Bergen-Belsen that they had died.
Otto also discovered that his wife, the van Pels family, and Fritz Pfeffer had all died in the Holocaust. Fortunately, all of the helpers managed to survive the war. Johannes Kleiman and Victor Kugler had been sent to the Amersfoort police transit camp, and sentenced, without trial, to forced labor. Kleiman fell ill during this time and was sent home; he lived in Amsterdam until his death in Kugler escaped during an air raid and made his way back to Amsterdam; he emigrated to Canada in and died there in Bep Voskuijl died in Amsterdam on May 6, Miep and Jan Gies remained in Amsterdam, raising a son.
Jan died on January 26, Otto Frank found it difficult to settle permanently in Amsterdam with its constant reminders of his lost family. He and his second wife, Elfriede Geiringer, also an Auschwitz survivor, moved to Basel, Switzerland, in Otto Frank died on August 19, , at the age of ninety-one.
Who Was Anne Frank? Why did Anne think she could confide more in her diary than in people? Almost two years later Anne wrote: I hope so, oh, I hope so very much, because writing allows me to record everything, all my thoughts, ideals and fantasies. The Anne Frank who enjoyed that heavenly existence was completely different from the one who has grown wise within these walls.
The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank - Teacher's Guide - www.farmersmarketmusic.com: Books
I look back at that Anne Frank as a pleasant, amusing, but superficial girl, who has nothing to do with me. How did Anne envision herself as a grown woman? How was this different from her image of her mother? What did Anne read that influenced her perspective on becoming a woman? Whom did Anne talk to about her new feelings, and why? At times the confinement overwhelmed her: How did Anne cope with all of the "stress and strain" of living in the Annex? Why was this table so important to Anne? Do you agree with how Anne handled the disagreement? What would you have done? What do you consider private space?
Anne Frank in the World a What were the ways the residents of the annex got information about the outside world?
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How did their sources of information reflect their view of events? On November 27, , Anne described her dream about her friend Hanneli Goslar. What do you think this dream was about? Why was the dream so disturbing for Anne? Hanneli Goslar was sent to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp with her family.
During the winter of Hanneli and Anne met at the camp, on either side of a fence, three times. The last time Hanneli managed to get a small Red Cross package over the fence to Anne. Hanneli survived the Holocaust and moved to Israel, where she still lives in , often speaking about Anne Frank and the Holocaust. Construct an interview of Hanneli Goslar. What other information would you include in your article? These helpers were always in danger of being found out and severely punished.
He was hiding two Jews in his house. What did Anne think about the helpers? Did she think that they were heroes? What is your definition of a hero? Make a list, based on the diary, of what Anne could no longer do. How would your day be different if you had to follow these laws?
Describe a typical day for you under these restrictions. What is a stereotype? Create your own definition. Do any of the stereotypes that Anne wrote about still exist? What other stereotypes exist today?
After her fifteenth birthday she wrote: Study the attitudes of the early s and today. Why did Anne believe that women were considered inferior? Was Anne a feminist ahead of her time? Oh no, the common man is every bit as guilty; otherwise, people and nations would have rebelled long ago! Otto Frank was the only survivor of the Secret Annex. Anne Frank and the other inhabitants died. Was it the leaders? Was it those who enforced the legislation? Was it those who transported them on cattle cars?
Was it those who administered the concentration and death camps? Was it the townspeople near the camps? Questions for Group Discussion Adult Readers a After the Nazi invasion of the Netherlands in May , the Dutch people were immediately faced with the question of choice: Tens of thousands of Dutch people followed Hitler, and millions more looked the other way. Eventually, a resistance movement began to grow. The Nazis needed Dutch collaborators to carry out their fascist decrees.
What would have influenced someone to become a collaborator? What factors would have encouraged someone to join the resistance? Do you think these factors were based on personal characteristics or political beliefs? What was the price of resistance during the war? What was the price of collaboration? Although the Franks were proud of their German heritage, their feelings toward Germany became very complicated during the war. And besides, there are no greater enemies on earth than the Germans and Jews. Although Anne had lived in the Netherlands since , she did not become a Dutch citizen.
Did Anne have a nationality? Did these refugees have any guaranteed rights? After the war Otto Frank responded to references to "the Germans" by asking "which German? What constitutes a stereotype?
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- Anne Frank: 10 beautiful quotes from The Diary of a Young Girl | Children's books | The Guardian.
- ANNA CANNOT SLEEP by Mohamed Isa, Zainiah on Apple Books;
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How is a stereotype different from discrimination? He believed that Anne would have wanted him to do so. Do you think he was correct? When was the last time as an adult that you experienced the "shattering" of an ideal? Is the media a neutral force, or do you think it plays a role in supporting or destroying idealism? Why do so many of them deny their own heroism? What social conditions would be necessary for them to grow? What do you believe would be the most likely basis of another world war: He answered, "One hundred dead are a catastrophe, a million dead are a statistic.
How should accountability be assigned? So many say they never understood what was happening. How likely could that have been? How much you can love! What you can accomplish! And what your potential is! Yet I cling to them because I still believe, in spite of everything, that people are truly good at heart. In a minute I'll give him such a smack in the face that he'll fly up to the ceiling together with his lies. Who has allowed us to suffer so terribly up until now? It is God who has made us as we are, but it will be God, too, who will raise us up again.
It might even be our religion from which the world and all peoples learn good, and for that reason and only that reason do we suffer. We can never become just Netherlanders, or just English or representatives of any country for that matter. We will always remain Jews, but we want to, too.
GdnChildrensBks AnneFrankquotes "Nature makes me feel humble and ready to face every blow with courage! GdnChildrensBks AnneFrankquotes "How wonderful it is that nobody need wait a single moment before starting to improve the world. How wonderful it is that nobody need wait a single moment before starting to improve the world.