Foundations of Reading Acquisition and Dyslexia: Implications for Early Intervention
For instance, parents should be asked about whether the child had difficulties or delays learning to talk in the native language; about the educational history of both the child and the family, such as opportunities to learn literacy in the native language and consistency of school attendance; and about any medical conditions, such as hearing or visual impairment, that may affect both language and literacy development. For an English language learner experiencing difficulty with English reading skills, patterns such as the following suggest the possibility of a learning disability:.
Several studies have suggested that English language learners with LDs can benefit from interventions known to benefit monolingual youngsters with learning disabilities. These interventions include explicit phonemic awareness instruction, structured and systematic phonics instruction, explicit instruction in comprehension strategies, and peer-assisted learning.
The extent to which this instruction should happen in the native language initially, if feasible, is still a matter of debate. ELLs with LDs also have some specific instructional requirements related to their status as English language learners, such as needing an emphasis on English vocabulary development and the use of sheltered English techniques to aid English comprehension.
Examples of sheltered English techniques are the use of visual aids, such as props, pictures, gestures, and facial expressions, to help convey meaning; encouraging children to expand and elaborate their responses to help develop oral expression abilities; and structuring oral input based on the level of understanding that children have.
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Although much remains to be learned about ELLs with LDs, currently there is a great deal of interest in this population in the research community, with a number of ongoing studies. In the future, this research should increase our knowledge about the best ways to identify and teach English language learners with learning disabilities.
Linguistic diversity and the development of reading skills: Scientific Studies of Reading, 6, Reading risk and intervention for young English learners special series. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 19, Issues in the assessment of reading disabilities in L2 children: Beliefs and research evidence.
The evils of the use of IQ tests to define learning disabilities in first- and second-language learners. The Reading Teacher, 55, Learning disabilities in English language learners: Research issues and future directions special series.
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Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 20, Peer-assisted learning strategies for English language learners with learning disabilities. Exceptional Children, 71, Improving schooling for language-minority children. A cross-linguistic study of early literacy acquisition. Implications for early intervention pp. English language learners with learning disabilities.
Cultural diversity, families, and the special education system: They were asked to address not only what they have learned from their research, but also to discuss unsolved problems. This dialogue prompted numerous questions of both a theoretical and applied nature, generated heated debate, and fueled optimism about the important gains that have been made in the scientific understanding of the reading process, especially of the critical role played by phonological abilities. Table of Contents Contents: Brady, Ability to Encode Phonological Representations: An Underlying Difficulty of Poor Readers.
Research and Clinical Implications. Implications for Diagnosis and Intervention. Shaywitz, Subtypes of Dyslexia: An Old Problem Revisited.
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Sidhu, Subtypes of Developmental Dyslexia: Differences in Phonological and Orthographic Coding. Beginning to Read and Spell. Treiman, Spelling in Normal Children and Dyslexics. Are Phonological Deficits the "Hole" Story? Nicholson, Closing the Gap on Reading Failure: Blachman, Early Intervention and Phonological Awareness: Request an e-inspection copy. The Bookshelf application offers access: Offline Computer — Download Bookshelf software to your desktop so you can view your eBooks with or without Internet access.
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www.farmersmarketmusic.com: Foundations of Reading Acquisition and Dyslexia: Implications for Early Intervention (): Benita A. Blachman: Books. Foundations of Reading Acquisition and Dyslexia: Implications for Early Intervention - CRC Press Book.