La démocratie par choix séquentiel et réservoir de votes (French Edition)

---

Ainsi, une tres forte anisotropie structurale peut rehausser de facon considerable l'importance des interactions entre electrons et entre molecules constituant le reseau au point ou la physique du systeme soit regie par de tres fortes fluctuations. Ce dernier contexte est devenu un domaine a part de la physique des systemes fortement correles, a savoir celui des les phenomenes critiques quantiques.

Parmi les systemes electron-phonon, on retrouve les composes inorganique KCP et organique TTF-TCNQ decouverts durant les annees 70, et explores en profondeur a cause de leur tendance vers une instabilite du type onde de densite de charge a basse temperature. Ces composes, en general designes systemes de Peierls en reference a l'instabilite de leurs structures electroniques regie par le reseau moleculaire, ont recemment connu un regain d'interet a la lumiere des nouveaux developpements dans les techniques de caracterisation des structures electroniques ainsi que sur le plan de.

Standardisation in the field of nanotechnology: Nanotechnology will allegedly have a revolutionary impact in a wide range of fields, but has also created novel concerns about health, safety and the environment HSE.

Nanotechnology regulation has nevertheless lagged behind nanotechnology development. In the International Organization for Standardization established a technical committee for producing nanotechnology standards for terminology, measurements, HSE issues and product specifications. These standards are meant to play a role in nanotechnology development, as well as in national and international nanotechnology regulation, and will therefore have consequences for consumers, workers and the environment.

This paper gives an overview of the work in the technical committee on nanotechnology and discusses some challenges with regard to legitimacy in such work. The paper focuses particularly on stakeholder involvement and the potential problems of scientific robustness when standardising in such early stages of the scientific development. The intention of the paper is to raise some important issues rather than to draw strong conclusions. However, the paper will be concluded with some suggestions for improving legitimacy in the TC and a call for increased public awareness about standardisation in the field of nanotechnology.

Is social class standardisation appropriate in occupational studies? Social class standardisation has been proposed as a method for separating the effects of occupation and "social" or "lifestyle" factors in epidemiological studies, by comparing workers in a particular occupation with other workers in the same social class. The validity of this method rests upon two assumptions: These assumptions will not always be satisfied. In particular, the effect of occupation will be underestimated when the comparison group also has job-related exposures which cause the disease under study.

Thus, although adjustment for social class may minimise bias due to social factors, it may introduce bias due to unmeasured occupational factors. This difficulty may be magnified when occupational category is used as the measure of social class. Because of this potential bias, adjustment for social class should be done only after careful consideration of the exposures and disease involved and should be based on an appropriate definition of social class.

Both crude and standardised results should be presented when such adjustments are made. Coinfection pulmonaire par pneumocystis jirovecii et pseudomonas aeruginosa au cours du SIDA: Rapporter deux cas cliniques de coinfections pulmonaires par Pneumocystis jirovecii et par Pseudomonas aeruginosa chez des patients vivant avec le VIH. Background Comparison of outcomes between populations or centres may be confounded by any casemix differences and standardisation is carried out to avoid this.

Des développeurs payés

We propose a new method of directly standardising for risk rather than standardising for casemix which overcomes these problems. Methods Using a casemix model which is the same model as would be used in indirect standardisation , the risk in individuals is estimated. Risk categories are defined, and event rates in each category for each centre to be compared are calculated.

A weighted sum of the risk category specific event rates is then calculated. Results Substantial differences between conventional directly casemix standardised rates and rates from direct risk standardisation DRS were found. Conclusions Direct risk standardisation using our proposed method is as straightforward as using conventional direct or indirect standardisation , always enables fair comparisons of performance to be made, can use continuous casemix covariates, and was found in our examples to have similar standard errors to the SMR.

It should be preferred when there is a risk that conventional direct or indirect standardisation will lead to unfair comparisons. Comparison of outcomes between populations or centres may be confounded by any casemix differences and standardisation is carried out to avoid this. However, when the casemix adjustment models are large and complex, direct standardisation has been described as "practically impossible", and indirect standardisation may lead to unfair comparisons.

Using a casemix model which is the same model as would be used in indirect standardisation , the risk in individuals is estimated. Substantial differences between conventional directly casemix standardised rates and rates from direct risk standardisation DRS were found. Direct risk standardisation using our proposed method is as straightforward as using conventional direct or indirect standardisation , always enables fair comparisons of performance to be made, can use continuous casemix covariates, and was found in our examples to have similar standard errors to the SMR.

Measuring fecundity with standardised estimates of expected pregnancies. Approaches to measuring fecundity include the assessment of time to pregnancy and day-specific probabilities of conception daily fecundities indexed to a day of ovulation. In this paper, we develop an additional approach of calculating expected pregnancies based on daily fecundities indexed to the last day of the menstrual cycle. Expected pregnancies can thus be calculated while controlling for frequency and timing of coitus. Comparing observed pregnancies with expected pregnancies allows for a standardised comparison of fecundity between studies or groups within studies, and can be used to assess the effects of categorical covariates on the woman or couple level, and also on the cycle level.

This can be accomplished in a minimal data set that does not necessarily require hormonal measurement or the explicit identification of ovulation. We demonstrate this approach by examining the effects of age and parity on fecundity in a data set from women monitoring their fertility cycles with the Creighton Model FertilityCare System.

Standardisation of radiation portal monitor controls and readouts. There is an urgent need to standardise the numbering configuration of radiation portal monitor sensing panels. Currently, manufacturers use conflicting numbering schemes that may confuse operators of these varied systems. There is a similar problem encountered with the varied choices of coloured indicator lights and coloured print lines designated for gamma and neutron alarms.

In addition, second-party software that changes the alarm colour scheme may also have been installed. Furthermore, no provision exists for the colour blind or to provide work stations with only black ink on alarm printouts. These inconsistencies and confusing set-ups could inadvertently cause a misinterpretation of the alarm, resulting in the potential release of a radiological hazard into a sovereign country. These issues are discussed, and a proposed solution is offered. Standardisation and half-life of 89Zr. The nuclide 89 Zr is being tested for the labelling of compounds with long blood circulation times.

It decays by beta plus emission Its half-life has been determined by following the decay rate with two measurement systems; an Ionisation Chamber and an HPGe detector. Les revetements par projection thermique HVOF High Velocity Oxy-Fuel sont communement utilises dans l'industrie aeronautique, notamment au sein du partenaire industriel du projet Tecnickrome Aeronautique Inc , comme des remplacants pour les revetements produits par l'electrodeposition du chrome dur due aux problemes environnementaux.

Dans un premier temps, cinq poudres incluant celle de reference, ayant des distributions granulometriques differentes, ont ete projetees dans le but d'identifier quelles poudres pouvaient etre utilisees avec le systeme de projection HVOF-JET KOTERTM III en gardant des parametres similaires debit d'hydrogene, debit d'oxygene, debit de poudre et distance de projection que pour la poudre de reference. Les revetements obtenus a partir des poudres etudiees ont ete evalues selon les criteres d'acceptation des revetements sollicites par les principaux manufacturiers des trains d'atterrissage.

Les tests ont porte sur l'epaisseur, l'adhesion, la microstructure, la microdurete, les contraintes residuelles et la rugosite. A partir des resultats obtenus, seulement deux poudres ont rencontre toutes les proprietes demandees par les specifications aeronautiques. L'influence de la variation de la distance de projection sur la qualite des revetements a ete etudiee.

Cinq distances , , , et mm ont ete choisies pour faire la projection des deux poudres selectionnees. Les revetements obtenus ont montre de proprietes des revetements similaires epaisseur, adhesion, microstructure, microdurete, contraintes residuelles et rugosite. Par Pond vegetation status The water level of Par Pond was lowered approximately 20 feet in mid in order to protect downstream residents from possible dam failure suggested by subsidence on the downstream slope of the dam and to repair the dam.

This lowering exposed both emergent and nonemergent macrophyte beds to drying conditions resulting in extensive losses. A survey of the newly emergent, shoreline aquatic plant communities of Par Pond began in June , three months after the refilling of Par Pond to approximately feet above mean sea level. Communities similar to the pre-drawdown, Par Pond aquatic plant communities continue to become re-established. Emergent beds of maidencane, lotus, waterlily, watershield, and Pontederia are extensive and well developed. Cattail occurrence continued to increase during the summer of , especially in the former warm arm of Par Pond, but large beds common to Par Pond prior to the draw down still have not formed.

Lotus has invaded and occupies many of the areas formerly dominated by cattail beds. To track the continued development of macrophytes in Par Pond, future surveys through the summer and early fall of , along with the evaluation of satellite data to map the extent of the macrophyte beds of Par Pond, are planned. L'objectif de ce projet de doctorat est de developper des outils quantitatifs pour le suivi des traitements de chimiotherapie pour le cancer du sein et de leurs effets cardiotoxiques a l'aide de l'imagerie TEP dynamique. L'analyse cinetique en TEP dynamique permet l'evaluation de parametres biologiques in vivo.

Cette analyse peut etre utilise pour caracteriser la reponse tumorale a la chimiotherapie et les effets secondaires nefastes qui peuvent en resulter. Le premier article de cette these decrit la mise au point des techniques d'analyse cinetique qui utilisent la fonction d'entree d'un radiotraceur derive de l'image dynamique. Des corrections de contamination radioactive externe epanchement et de l'effet de volume partiel ont ete necessaires pour standardiser l'analyse cinetique et la rendre quantitative.

Le deuxieme article porte sur l'evaluation d'un nouveau radiotraceur myocardique. Le 11C-acetoacetate, un nouveau radiotraceur base sur un corps cetonique, a ete compare au 11C-acetate, couramment utilise en imagerie cardiaque TEP. L'utilisation de 3H-acetate et 14C-acetoacetate ont permis d'elucider la cinetique de ces traceurs depuis la fonction d'entree et la captation par les mitochondries cardiaques qui reflete la consommation en oxygene, jusqu'a la liberation de leurs principaux metabolites reciproques 3H20 et 14CO2.

Le troisieme et dernier article de cette these presente l'integration d'un modele qui evalue la reserve cardiaque de perfusion et de consommation en oxygene. Un modele de cardiomyopathie a ete etabli a l'aide d'un agent chimiotherapeutique contre le cancer du sein, la doxorubicine, reconnu comme etant cardiotoxique. La demonstration d'une reserve cardiaque reduite caracterise la cardiotoxicite. La derniere contribution de cette these porte sur la mise au point de methodes peu invasives pour mesurer la. Using standardised patients to measure physicians' practice: Objective To assess the validity of standardised patients to measure the quality of physicians' practice.

Design Validation study of standardised patients' assessments. Physicians saw unannounced standardised patients presenting with common outpatient conditions. The standardised patients covertly tape recorded their visit and completed a checklist of quality criteria immediately afterwards. Their assessments were compared against independent assessments of the recordings by a trained medical records abstractor.

Setting Four general internal medicine primary care clinics in California. Participants randomly selected consenting physicians. Main outcome measures Rates of agreement between the patients' assessments and independent assessment. Results 40 visits, one per standardised patient, were recorded.

Disaggregating the data by medical condition, site, level of physicians' training, and domain stage of the consultation gave similar rates of agreement. Conclusions Standardised patients' assessments seem to be a valid measure of the quality of physicians' care for a variety of common medical conditions in actual outpatient settings. What is already known on this topic Standardised patients are valid and reliable reporters of physicians' practice in the medical education settingHowever, validating standardised patients' measurements of quality of care in.

Simulation d'ecoulements internes compressibles laminaires et turbulents par une methode d'elements finis. Ce travail consiste en la simulation numerique des ecoulements internes compressibles bidimensionnels laminaires et turbulents. On s'interesse, particulierement, aux ecoulements dans les ejecteurs supersoniques. Les equations de Navier-Stokes sont formulees sous forme conservative et utilisent, comme variables independantes, les variables dites enthalpiques a savoir: Une formulation variationnelle stable des equations de Navier-Stokes est utilisee. Un modele de turbulence, pour la simulation des ecoulements dans les ejecteurs, est mis au point.

Il consiste a separer deux regions distinctes: Une technique de calcul de la viscosite turbulente, sur un maillage non structure, est implementee. La discretisation dans l'espace de la forme variationnelle est faite a l'aide de la methode des elements finis en utilisant une approximation mixte: La discretisation temporelle est effectuee par une methode de differences finies en utilisant le schema d'Euler implicite.

Le systeme matriciel, resultant de la discretisation spatio-temporelle, est resolu a l'aide de l'algorithme GMRES en utilisant un preconditionneur diagonal. Les validations numeriques ont ete menees sur plusieurs types de tuyeres et ejecteurs. La principale validation consiste en la simulation de l'ecoulement dans l'ejecteur teste au centre de recherche NASA Lewis. Les resultats obtenus sont tres comparables avec ceux des travaux anterieurs et sont nettement superieurs concernant les.

Modeles numeriques de la stimulation optique de neurones assistee par nanoparticules plasmoniques. La stimulation de neurones par laser emerge depuis plusieurs annees comme une alternative aux techniques plus traditionnelles de stimulation artificielle. Contrairement a celles-ci, la stimulation lumineuse ne necessite pas d'interagir directement avec le tissu organique, comme c'est le cas pour une stimulation par electrodes, et ne necessite pas de manipulation genetique comme c'est le cas pour les methodes optogenetiques.

Plus recemment, la stimulation lumineuse de neurones assistee par nanoparticules a emerge comme un complement a la stimulation simplement lumineuse. L'utilisation de nanoparticules complementaires permet d'augmenter la precision spatiale du procede et de diminuer la fluence necessaire pour observer le phenomene. Ceci vient des proprietes d'interaction entre les nanoparticules et le faisceau laser, comme par exemple les proprietes d'absorption des nanoparticules.

Deux phenomenes princpaux sont observes. Dans certains cas, il s'agit d'une depolarisation de la membrane, ou d'un potentiel d'action. Dans d'autres experiences, un influx de calcium vers l'interieur du neurone est detecte par une augmentation de la fluorescence d'une proteine sensible a la concentration calcique.

Certaines stimulations sont globales, c'est a dire qu'une perturbation se propage a l'ensemble du neurone: D'autres sont, au contraire, locales et ne se propagent pas a l'ensemble de la cellule. Si une stimulation lumineuse globale est rendue possible par des techniques relativement bien maitrisees a l'heure actuelle, comme l'optogenetique, une stimulation uniquement locale est plus difficile a realiser. Or, il semblerait que les methodes de stimulation lumineuse assistees par nanoparticules puissent, dans certaines conditions, offrir cette possibilite.

Cela serait d'une grande aide pour conduire de nouvelles etudes sur le fonctionnement des neurones, en offrant de nouvelles possibilites experimentales en complement des possibilites. Les fluctuations supraconductrices dans le compose praseodyme-cerium-oxyde de cuivre. La technique utilisee pour sonder ces fluctuations est le transport electrique DC dans le plan ab. Les echantillons etudies sont des couches minces d'epaisseur plus grande que nm crues par ablation laser.

Les mesures electriques DC effectuees dans ce travail sont la resistance en reponse lineaire et les courbes IV en reponse non lineaire en fonction de la temperature. La mise en oeuvre experimentale de ces mesures a necessite une grande attention au filtrage et aux effets de chauffage a haut courant. Nous montrons que, sans cette attention, les donnees experimentales sont toujours erronees dans le regime pertinent pour nos echantillons. D'abord, le regime des fluctuations gaussiennes est tres bien decrit par le modele d'Aslamazov-Larkin en deux dimensions.

Ensuite, le regime de fluctuations critiques, se trouvant a plus basse temperature que le regime gaussien, est tres bien decrit par la physique 2D de Kosterlitz-Thouless. Dans cette analyse, les deux regimes ont des temperatures critiques coherentes entre elles, ce qui semble confirmer ce scenario 2D. Une analyse des donnees dans le cadre de fluctuations 3D est exploree mais donne des conclusions incoherentes. Les resultats pour les autres dopages sont qualitativement equivalents avec le dopage optimal et permettent donc une explication purement 2D.

Par contre, contrairement au dopage optimal. Comparaison avec le calcul en 2D. In this paper, the finite element method is applied for the computation of the magnetostatic field in the windings of a shell-form reactor. The results are compared to those obtained in 2D. These calculation results are also compared to some test results. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most devastating diffuse fibrosing lung disease of unknown aetiology. Compelling evidence suggests that both protease-activated receptor PAR -1 and PAR -2 participate in the development of pulmonary fibrosis.

Previous studies have shown that bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis is diminished in both PAR -1 and PAR -2 deficient mice. We thus have been suggested that combined inactivation of PAR -1 and PAR -2 would be more effective in blocking pulmonary fibrosis. Human and murine fibroblasts were stimulated with PAR -1 and PAR -2 agonists in the absence or presence of specific PAR -1 or PAR -2 antagonists after which fibrotic markers like collagen and smooth muscle actin were analysed by Western blot.

Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intranasal instillation of bleomycin into wild-type and PAR -2 deficient mice with or without a specific PAR -1 antagonist P1pal Fibrosis was assessed by hydroxyproline quantification and immuno histochemical analysis. Interestingly, however, combined activation of PAR -1 and PAR -2 did not show any additive effects on these pro-fibrotic responses.

Strikingly, PAR -2 deficiency as well as pharmacological PAR -1 inhibition reduced bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis to a similar extent. PAR -1 inhibition in PAR -2 deficient mice did not further diminish bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Targeting PAR -1 and PAR -2 simultaneously is not superior to targeting either receptor alone in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Premier lien, quand il est accessible, peut faciliter le contact avec les services. Probability density functions for use when calculating standardised drought indices. Time series of drought indices like the standardised precipitation index SPI and standardised flow index SFI require a statistical probability density function to be fitted to the observed generally monthly precipitation and river flow data. Different distributions were fitted to rainfall and river flow data accumulated over 1, 3, 6 and 12 months for catchments in the United Kingdom. These catchments represent a range of catchment characteristics in a mid-latitude climate.

Both rainfall and river flow data have a lower bound at 0, as rains and flows cannot be negative. Their empirical distributions also tend to have positive skewness, and therefore the Gamma distribution has often been a natural and suitable choice for describing the data statistically. However, none of these three-parameter distributions have a lower bound at zero. This means that the lower tail of the fitted distribution may potentially go below zero, which would result in a lower limit to the calculated SPI and SFI values as observations can never reach into this lower tail of the theoretical distribution.

The Tweedie distribution can overcome the problems found when using either the Gamma or the above three-parameter distributions. Etude de l'amelioration de la qualite des anodes par la modification des proprietes du brai. La qualite des anodes produites se doit d'etre bonne afin d'obtenir de l'aluminium primaire tout en reduisant le cout de production du metal, la consommation d'energie et les emissions environnementales. Or, l'obtention des proprietes finales de l'anode necessite une liaison satisfaisante entre le coke et le brai.

Toutefois, la matiere premiere actuelle n'assure pas forcement la compatibilite entre le coke et le brai. Une des solutions les plus prometteuses, pour ameliorer la cohesion entre ces deux materiaux, est la modification des proprietes du brai. L'objectif de ce travail consiste a modifier les proprietes du brai par l'ajout d'additifs chimiques afin d'ameliorer la mouillabilite du coke par le brai modifie pour produire des anodes de meilleure qualite. La composition chimique du brai est modifiee en utilisant des tensioactifs ou agents de modification de surface choisis dans le but d'enrichir les groupements fonctionnels susceptibles d'ameliorer la mouillabilite.

L'aspect economique, l'empreinte environnementale et l'impact sur la production sont consideres dans la selection des additifs chimiques. Afin de realiser ce travail, la methodologie consiste a d'abord caracteriser les brais non modifies, les additifs chimiques et les cokes par la spectroscopie infrarouge a transformee de Fourier FTIR afin d'identifier les groupements chimiques presents.

Puis, les brais sont modifies en ajoutant un additif chimique afin de possiblement modifier ses proprietes. Differentes quantites d'additif sont ajoutees afin d'examiner l'effet de la variation de la concentration sur les proprietes du brai modifie. Ensuite, la mouillabilite du coke par le brai est observee par la methode goutte- sessile. Une amelioration de la mouillabilite par la modification a l'aide d. Le potentiel de l'asteroseismologie pour les etoiles sous-naines de type B.

Le point sur les amas de galaxies. The use of standardised instruments in nursing has rapidly grown and can be seen as a symptom of the necessary comprehensive nursing diagnostics. However, these instruments comprise the risk of misuse, if they are not critically evaluated.

Published statements about tests of reliability and validity of an instrument are insufficient. First, the critical evaluation has to ask for the instrument's theoretical and content base: Is the instrument relevant for nursing, suitable for practice and leading to nursing actions? Two examples of well known instruments and different kinds of their utilization in nursing are discussed.

Next, the instruments have to be questioned as "bodies with numbers". Studies on reliability and validity have to be as carefully evaluated as other empirical research. The sample, the suitability of agreement indicators interraterreliability , kind and reason of tests have to be questioned.

The same has to be done with tests of validity which comprise an even greater challenge. Methodological studies about these questions are missing; guidelines for test user qualifications need to be developed. Integrated interpretation of overlapping AEM datasets achieved through standardisation. Numerous airborne electromagnetic surveys have been acquired in Australia using a variety of systems. It is not uncommon to find two or more surveys covering the same ground, but acquired using different systems and at different times.

Being able to combine overlapping datasets and get a spatially coherent resistivity-depth image of the ground can assist geological interpretation, particularly when more subtle geophysical responses are important. Combining resistivity-depth models obtained from the inversion of airborne electromagnetic AEM data can be challenging, given differences in system configuration, geometry, flying height and preservation or monitoring of system acquisition parameters such as waveform.

In this study, we define and apply an approach to overlapping AEM surveys, acquired by fixed wing and helicopter time domain electromagnetic EM systems flown in the vicinity of the Goulds Dam uranium deposit in the Frome Embayment, South Australia, with the aim of mapping the basement geometry and the extent of the Billeroo palaeovalley. Ground EM soundings were used to standardise the AEM data, although results indicated that only data from the REPTEM system needed to be corrected to bring the two surveys into agreement and to achieve coherent spatial resistivity-depth intervals.

The Effect Direction Plot: Visual display of reported impacts is a valuable aid to both reviewers and readers of systematic reviews. Forest plots are routinely prepared to report standardised effect sizes, but where standardised effect sizes are not available for all included studies a forest plot may misrepresent the available evidence. Tabulated data summaries to…. This paper proposes a new technique for rapid thermal annealing of semi-conductors.

This technique is based on microwave energy, and offers the same advantages as the rapid thermal annealing by incoherent light, in terms of rapidity, and contamination. However, our technique reduces considerably the required energy for the annealing process. This technique has been compared to the rapid thermal by incoherent light: Formation des etoiles massives dans les galaxies spirales.

LES of propeller crashback. Crashback is an operating condition to quickly stop a propelled vehicle, where the propeller is rotated in the reverse direction to yield a negative thrust. In crashback, the freestream interacts with the strong reverse flow from the propeller leading to massive flow separation and highly unsteady loads. We have used Large-Eddy Simulation LES in recent years to accurately simulate the flowfield in crashback around a stand-alone open propeller, hull-attached posterior alone open propeller and a ducted propeller with stator blades.

This talk will discuss our work towards LES of crashback inclusive of the entire hull. The results will be compared to available experimental data, and the flow physics will be discussed. This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research. The segregation of DNA prior to cell division is essential for faithful genetic inheritance. In many bacteria, segregation of the low-copy-number plasmids involves an active partition system composed of Par A ATPase and its stimulator protein Par B.

Our work sheds light on a new emergent phenomenon in which non-motor proteins work collectively via mechanochemical coupling to propel cargos -- an ingenious solution shaped by evolution to cope with the lack of processive motor proteins in bacteria. Modelisation de photodetecteurs a base de matrices de diodes avalanche monophotoniques pour tomographie d'emission par positrons. La tomographie d'emission par positrons TEP est un outil precieux en recherche preclinique et pour le diagnostic medical.

Cette technique permet d'obtenir une image quantitative de fonctions metaboliques specifiques par la detection de photons d'annihilation. La detection des ces photons se fait a l'aide de deux composantes. D'abord, un scintillateur convertit l'energie du photon keV en photons du spectre visible. Ensuite, un photodetecteur convertit l'energie lumineuse en signal electrique.

Ces matrices forment des detecteurs sensibles, robustes, compacts et avec une resolution en temps hors pair. Ces qualites en font un photodetecteur prometteur pour la TEP, mais il faut optimiser les parametres de la matrice et de l'electronique de lecture afin d'atteindre les performances optimales pour la TEP. L'optimisation de la matrice devient rapidement une operation difficile, car les differents parametres interagissent de maniere complexe avec les processus d'avalanche et de generation de bruit.

Enfin, l'electronique de lecture pour les matrices de PAMP demeure encore rudimentaire et il serait profitable d'analyser differentes strategies de lecture. Pour repondre a cette question, la solution la plus economique est d'utiliser un simulateur pour converger vers la configuration donnant les meilleures performances. Les travaux de ce memoire presentent le developpement d'un tel simulateur.

Celui-ci modelise le comportement d'une matrice de PAMP en se basant sur les equations de physique des semiconducteurs et des modeles probabilistes. Il inclut les trois principales sources de bruit, soit le bruit thermique, les declenchements intempestifs correles et la diaphonie optique. Le simulateur permet aussi de tester et de comparer de nouvelles approches pour l'electronique de lecture plus adaptees a ce type de detecteur. Au final, le simulateur vise a.

A nm, 40 fs, 1 kHz, 1 TW. For a threshold field of 4 kV. The poling and depoling temperatures depend on the various combinations of thermal treatments and on the applied field strength. Pour un champ de seuil de 4 kV. Les resultats de nouveaux calculs detailles de levitation radiative dans des naines blanches chaudes utilisant la base de donnees atomiques TOPBASE sont presentes.

Des accelerations radiatives et des abondances d'equilibre ont ete calculees pour C, N, O, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ar, Ca, et Fe, sur des grilles de modeles d'enveloppes stellaires riches en hydrogene et riches en helium. Les resultats d'abondances d'equilibre de Ni dans des DA utilisant la base de donnees de Kurucz sont aussi presentes. Nous discutons dans les moindres details de la physique incluse dans les calculs afin de fournir une bonne comprehension physique de la levitation radiative sous les conditions rencontrees dans les naines blanches.

Marche avec tous les navigateurs. Il sait se faire oublier. Extraction de gaz de schiste interdite en France. Le fondateur du site s'explique chez TED. Zelda refait en Minecraft. Les smartphone ont maintenant plus de puissance de calcul que le que j'avais. Un time-lapse de constructions dans Minecraft. Pour combattre les frelons, certaines abeilles se jettent dessus pour le recouvrir et augmentent leur chaleur corporelle pour "cuire" le frelon.

Ce monde est dingue. Pas de quoi se damner. Au Maroc les droits de l'homme s'en prennent un coup. C'est dans les vieux pots qu'on fait les meilleurs pigeons. Piquer les cookies de session. Il se trouve que Google, Bing Microsoft et Yahoo s' unissent dans une initiative commune pour uniformiser ces standards. Fallait pas faire chier les Anonymous. Fallait pas attaquer GeoHot. Fallait pas prendre vos clients pour des cons et pirater leur PC.

Fallait pas virer Linux de la PS3. Tiens, une nouvelle arnaque: The Mute button , une nouvelle performance des Improv' Everywhere Les admins de Reddit se comportent vraiment bien. Les anglo-saxons se foutent bien de notre gueule. La Quadrature du Net! Ce qui l'un dans l'autre a assez peu de chances de se produire. Et leur campagne marketing est en plus un gigantesque foutage de gueule. The Oatmeal est un blog graphique satirique. Ils se sont faits repiquer leurs BD par un autre site FunkyJunk.

Rangez votre LOIC dans votre pantalon. Oui, comme dans les films. Score 0 chez VirusTotal. Amusant, et surtout cela permet des compositions graphiques dignes du Chinois. On envoie pas de SMS quand on est au volant. En vrac G8 lascars qui me saoulent. Le titre est assez explicite. La vue d'Arkados sur le sommet eG8 de Sarkozy. Apple est assez con pour rester muet sur le sujet, alors que les infections se multiplient. Pourquoi Apple ne fait rien?

Qu'ils se bougent donc le cul. Si vous voulez en faire, vous pouvez prendre le logiciel gratuit FreePlane. La FSF pointe du doigt Nintendo: N'utilisez pas cette horreur. Cette rumeur est fausse. Qu'est-ce que c'est que ce bordel? Ah oui, c'est vrai, c'est Sarko qui est en train de civiliser internet. Allez, je me fais plaisir: J'ai suivi un petit tutoriel bien fait pour l'Android SDK. Ah si j'avais plus de temps Voici le journal des bonnes nouvelles via TheCric.

L'Ouganda voudrait se doter une loi imposant la peine de mort aux homos. En Tunisie, la censure d'internet est de retour: Certes pour le moment il faut reste immobile, mais l'inventeur pense pouvoir les capturer sur des personnes en mouvement d'ici un an ou deux. Twitter va-t-il s'effondrer sous son propre poids?

Est-il en train de devenir la poubelle de l'info? Que serait le monde sans copyright? L'architecte du grand firewall chinois s'est pris une chaussure dans la tronche. Ce ne sont donc pas des amateurs.

Suis-je en danger ?

C'est encore mieux quand ce sont des gens qui s'y connaissent, comme Bohwaz. Il suffisait juste d'afficher le mail pour permettre ce piratage. Une carte du monde Linux: Dans la veine de Free Dr. Tiens, il semble que l'Australie abandonne enfin ses projets de filtrage du web. Trop couteux et faillible selon eux. Dommage qu'en France on soit exactement sur le trajet inverse. Au moins c'est clair: Je le trouve encore un peu cher. Le code source du cheval de Troie Zeus a fuit sur internet.

J'en connais qui doivent manger leur chapeau. Wuala est un service de stockage en ligne comme DropBox. La maison des Simpsons IRL. Plus d'informations sur le wiki. En vrac Oui, oui je sais j'ai du retard. Oui, oui je sais j'ai du retard. Tiens le principe est sympa: Alors, il est toujours aussi sexy le Web 2. Ce n'est malheureusement pas de la fiction. Pourvu que ce genre d'horreur n'arrive pas en France. Un nouveau FPS gratuit est sorti: Personnellement, je n'y jouerai pas pour une raison, et une seule: Mais si cela ne vous rebute pas, allez-y!

La version alpha est injouable plein de glitchs graphiques. Par quoi veulent-ils remplacer? SourceForge essaie de lever l'un des plus gros reproches qui lui sont faits: Sa plateforme de gestion des projets opensource Je sens que ce site va me plaire. L'accusation de viol de Julian Assange pue: Et je doute que ce dispositif soit valable dans un FPS. Un format XML "efficace"? En vrac Et hop! J'imagine la tronche d' Orange s'ils publiaient ce rapport. Chercheur en quoi, en chiens perdus? Il existe plein de logiciels.

Si vous me suivez sur delicious, laissez tomber: Les dollars de Microsoft, c'est un levier de poids. Voir l'articlez chez PapyGeek. C'est amusant ce que l'industrie peut produire: J'aime bien la checklist de Walkyr: Est-il possible de "couper" internet? HP va ressortir des tablettes tournant sous WebOS. Elle est pourtant pleine de bon sens pardonnez ma traduction approximative: Ce qui veut dire: Une meilleure protection dans la version gratuite.

La souris du hacker. On notera aussi cette subversive "Pirate box" pour le partage de fichiers. Mieux vaut avouer tard que jamais: Chez Valve, on traite bien ses clients: Encore une belle arnaque: Comme je le disais, la peur c'est vendeur. Ou comment ouvrir votre voiture sans trace d'effraction. Pas cool pour les assurances. Elder Scrolls V n'est pas en reste. En prime, il est graphiquement au top. S'il fallait encore une raison de plus pour boycotter Facebook, vous l'avez. Voici un "En vrac" bien fourni: Tiens justement, l'Islande envisage de bannir MasterCard et Visa pour leur "censure" bancaire de Wikileaks.

Il semblerait que l'histoire soit bidon. Heinlein auteur de science-fiction. Il ne fallait pas virer Linux de la PS3. Sauf s'ils tournent sous Windows. Immense foutage de gueule. Beau pied de nez au TIME. De quoi faire planter un serveur facilement. Vu le nombre de sites qui utilisent php, je sens qu'on ne va pas rigoler. Et encore, ce pays n'est qu'un cas parmi beaucoup d'autres. Voir aussi cet autre article. Un futur moyen de lutte contre le virus? Cela rend vraiment bien et donne une nouvelle dimensions aux jeux.

Voici le best of de Je test pour le moment Diigo qui re-post les liens automatiquement sur delicious: Vous pouvez donc me suivre sur les deux. La nouvelle version 2. Mais chute je ne vous ai rien dit. P'tain c'est rudement dangereux les gnocchi. C'est fou ce qu'on peut faire en empilant de petits cubes.

En vrac Bon week-end! En soit oui, mais on trouve des jugements dans les deux sens, et au final la jurisprudence ne clarifie pas les choses. S'il fallait un exemple de plus: Un site web pour savoir si votre FAI bride votre connexion internet via veilleurs. Il y a encore du travail. C'est par manque de temps.

Dommage que je n'ai pas le temps de m'y remettre. Le fameux " Google Dorks " se trouve un nouveau domaine via Korben. Vous vous rappelez le collant Evercookie? Non, non et non: Vous pensez que l' Adobe Garamond est gratuite? Mais the devil is in the details. Adobe sort un nouveau lecteur PDF: Une petite histoire en anglais sur la psychologie des chiens.

Cette histoire est du grand n'importe quoi: M pour le lien. En plein dans l' uncanny valley. Microsoft a peur d'OpenOffice. Ne faite pas une confiance absolue aux extensions pour navigateurs.

Elections political process

C'est Jimmy Schementi qui s'occupera du projet, avec - entre autres - Miguel de Icaza fondateur du projet Gnome et fervent adepte de Mono. Ray Ozzie quitte aussi le navire. J'ai pas besoin d'antivirus, je ne visite que des sites de confiance. Mais oui, mais oui. Combien d'exemples de ce genre faudra-t-il avant que certains comprennent? J'ai mis en place une petite galerie. Oh merde, on est mal. Ils sont capables de casser des mots de passe comme "72 Fee4S mura! Un easter-egg dans les scanners HP. En vrac Petit vrac de fin de semaine.

Il y a de plus en plus d' abus dans les prisons en Irak. Non sans blague, c'est une surprise? Guantanamo n'a rien appris au monde? Faut croire que non: Moi aussi je veux ma taxe! Des lettres-type pour contester. C'est une mauvaise nouvelle. Et allez, encore une faille critique dans Flash. Infection directe de l'ordinateur simplement en affichant une page web contenant une animation Flash. On notera aussi les pages ASP. Adobe publie enfin un plugin Flash pour Linux 64 bits. Lacer ses lacets en deux secondes. Pour usage non-professionnel uniquement.

Hashcat , un soft pour faire du brute-force sur des MD5 et autres. Always look on the bright side of life En vrac OMG, les jours raccourcissent! Les montants sont assez effarants: Les autres ne sont pas mal non plus. Quand un auteur connu repique des articles de Wikipedia pour remplir ses livres, c'est Michel Houellebecq. Une fois de plus, merci Adobe! Ils ont pondu un draft pour l'expression des sentiments. Un article qui m'a fait marrer chez Dr. C'est vrai, quel bordel! Le patron d'AMD aussi. Oui parce que c'est encore une mode. Pas de version Linux des jeux chez Steam, et visiblement pas de version Linux non plus pour Unreal Tournament 3 , probablement l'un des meilleurs FPS multijoueurs existants.

Ces technologies de surveillance font froid dans le dos. Le monde merveilleux des DRM: TechDirt est un excellent blog technologique qui n'a pas sa langue dans sa poche. Ils vont apprendre internet: YouTube diffuse films anglophones gratuitement. Quand science et LOL fusionnent: En fait ce sont des billes de silice qui contiennent des gouttelettes d'eau. Lexmark essaie de museler la concurrence au niveau des cartouches en attaquant 24 fabricants. Qui sera la prochaine victime? Vous trouviez les gesticulations des joueurs de Wii ridicules?

Attendez que Kinect soit en vente! Nutritif mais totalement insipide et d'une texture douteuse, c'est la nourriture-punition des prisonniers. La vie n'est pas en lecture seule. Google assume sans complexe son statut de Big Brother. En parlant d'Apple et de Google: OpenSolaris n'est plus open. Il semblerait que oui: C'est aussi un nivellement par le bas: Marrant et tellement vrai: Debian a 17 ans. Wired proclame que le web est mort. Mais oui, mais oui Moi aussi je veux un supercalculateur pour faire un simulateur de vol dans les fractales!

La recherche Google qui fait mal. Ou alors ne le lisez pas. Avantage pour le consommateur: Mieux suivre sa consommation. Quand vous vous levez, quand vous allumez votre bouilloire, quand vous prenez votre douche Les liens avec le plus de votes apparaissent en page d'accueil. Tant qu'il y a des pigeons pour acheter: Symantec finalise son rachat de certaines divisions de VeriSign.

L'excellent logiciel de dessin vectoriel Xara LX - anciennement gratuit sous Linux - n'existe plus. Tant pis, j'aimais beaucoup Xara mais je vais rester sur Inkscape. Avec Inkscape, c'est du SVG, il y a moins de risques. Presque personne au dessus de 30 ans J'ignore pourquoi, mais archive. Si vous avez des astuces, je suis preneur. Je n'ai jamais pu prendre le temps de terminer mon tutoriel sur Blender. Un internaute vient de me demander l'autorisation de mettre des citations de mes textes sur Wikiquote.

Dire du mal du gouvernement chinois, c'est pas tendance. L'un des pires boulots en informatique? Probablement filtrer les images soumise par les internautes pour les sites sociaux. Ces images doivent vous hanter pour le reste de votre vie. Le monde merveilleux des brevets: Mettre en ligne l'article d'un journal papier? Et pour Flash, c'est pour quand?

Malheureusement ce dernier est en liquidation judiciaire. Il me reste encore GrooveShark. Faire payer la lecture des articles sur un site web? Pour de vrai, cette fois? Pas comme avec le fiasco de l' OLPC? Les bords des lettres seront donc plus nets, comme sous Windows - du moins pour les polices incluant des informations de hinting comme les polices Windows.

Ils vont maintenant tenir une liste noire des adresses IP pour virer les exhibitionnistes. Tiens en parlant de Facebook: Et allez, il n'y en avait pas assez: Donc on va en bouffer, parce qu'on ne pourra pas faire autrement. Personne ne sait ce qu'il contient. Le principe d' AutoBlog. D'ailleurs Arkados a gentiment mis en place un Autoblog du mien: A vous de me dire. On se souviendra aussi de la faille de GreaseMonkey. Le gouvernement indien exige de pouvoir espionner toutes les communications GMail, Skype et BlackBerry.

L' IEEE semble en faveur des brevets logiciels. Les journalistes ont horreur qu'on les court-circuite. Ils sont trop forts chez Valve. Ce centre de recherche n'existe pas.

Les trucs qui m'énervent - www.farmersmarketmusic.com

Notez que cela ne concerne pas X. Par exemple pour grep, tapez: Donc pour les paranos: Supprimez le fichier d'hibernation hiberfile. Et il sait faire du vol stationnaire. Le site officiel est delfly. GmailFS vous permet de stocker des fichiers dans votre boite GMail. Il permet virtuellement de modifier la partie en lecture seule: Mais si, ils l'ont fait. Quand vous perdez votre mot de passe. Facebook a introduit la reconnaissance faciale sur les photos.

Une raison de plus de ne pas s'y inscrire. La citation du jour: Le "vide juridique" n'existe pas. So much pour le service "public". Juste retour des choses. Mais tout cela tourne au dessus d'une autre couche logicielle importante: Mais plus personne ne veut travailler dessus. Tiens d'ailleurs Google Maps ne permet pas d'obtenir latitude et longitude d'un point sur la carte. Faites un clic-droit sur un point dans la carte et " Plus d'informations sur cet endroit ". Visiblement avec Windows 7 c'est pas beaucoup mieux: Vous ne connaissez pas Akamai? Pourtant vous l'utilisez tous les jours sans vous en rendre compte.

Apple s'en sert pour iTunes. Tiens une chouette invention de Microsoft qui permet N'importe quel industriel peut utiliser le brevet. Si vous utilisez Gimp sous Linux, vous connaissez sans doute le paquet gimp-plugin-registry. Et le pire c'est que ses inventions semblent tellement simples. Mais il fallait y penser. En gros, de la prison pour les utilisateurs de P2P. Une vision de terreur d'internet en Il faut virer la graphologie des entretiens d'embauche. SanDisk vient de sortir une carte microSD de 32 Giga-octets. A very common condition of cats in boxes. Naaann, je veux pas de cette putain de barre, je veux juste installer Java.

Non je ne veux toujours pas de McAfee. J'ai eu besoin de retoucher un scan: Linux a parfois quelque chose de magique. Il ne peut donc plus quitter le pays. Encore heureux que les brevets logiciels ne soient pas valables en Europe. Il y a encore plein d'autres moteurs de recherche. Les clients payaient pour du support, et l'entreprise leur proposait ensuite un contrat de maintenance. Firefox est sorti en version 3. Le plantage d'un plugin comme Flash ne plantera plus le navigateur. Beau boulot, les gars!

Bref, jetez-vous sur la version Windows, mais pas sur les versions Mac ou Linux. Oui je sais, c'est con. On parle beaucoup du "cloud computing" Google Apps, Amazon S3 et autres , mais qu'en est-il des performances? L'un des plus gros sites mondiaux, Facebook, est fait de fond en comble avec des logiciels opensource. Vous pouvez vous aider de ces outils pour analyser ce qui ralentit le chargement de vos pages. Vous vous souvenez de l'affaire Viacom vs. Google au mois de mars? Tous les autres navigateurs Firefox,Opera,Safari,Chrome supportent canvas.

Encore un bon article en anglais sur l'over-engineering. Cela entre bien dans ma conception du KISS. Quand je lis ce paragraphe: Merci pour vos emails! Laissez-moi mettre en avant quelques avantage du format 7z sur le format ZIP: On prend la liste des titres des articles Wikipedia francophone fichier unique de 41 Mo: En vrac Beaucoup de "En vrac" ces derniers temps, vous ne trouvez pas?

Il se trouve qu'il y a Vista dessus. Pourquoi l'hacktivisme est important? Vous vous souvenez de ma diatribe sur le fait que les certificats SSL ne suffisent plus? En vrac Un peu avant le week-end. La peine capitale pour piratage de musique? Quand on voit certains sites dans le top du classement de la section "Hi-tech" des blogs sur Wikio, y'a de quoi se rouler par terre.

Et ils n'ont pas honte. Quelle bande de naze. Quand je vous parlais de manque de reconnaissance envers le logiciel libre, Apple en est une belle illustration. Il fallait oser, non? On nous prendrait pas pour des cons? Il y aura une version PS3, mais toujours pas de version Linux? Braquez-la sur du papier, il prend feu.

Flash sur Flash Il y a urgence. Dans la plupart des navigateurs, tapez about: Je sais, je sais Le logiciel de P2P LimeWire est sur le point de mourir. Tiens une arnaque que je ne connaissais pas: Tous les autres sont des arnaqueurs. It appears a very good linear correlation between the phosphate and the uranium. Observation des influences du changement du couvert forestier sur le comportement hydrologique de grands bassins versants tropicaux a l'aide de la teledetection numerique: Cas du bassin versant de Dong Nai, Viet Nam.

Monitoring hydrological behavior of a large tropical watershed following a forest cover variation has an important role in water resource management planning as well as for forest sustainable management. Traditional methods in forest hydrology studies are Experimental watersheds, Upstream-downstream, Experimental plots, Statistical regional analysis and Watershed simulation. Those methodes have limitations for large watersheds concerning the monitoring time, the lack of input data especially about forest cover and the capacity of extrapolating results accurately in terms of large watersheds.

Moreover, there is still currently a scientific debate in forest ecology on relation between water and forest. The reason of this problem comes from geographical differences in publication concerning study zones, experimental watershed size and applied methods. It gives differences in the conclusions on the influence of tropical forest cover change on the changes of outlet water and yet on the yearly runoff in terms of large watershed. In order to exceed the limitations of actual methods, to solve the difficulty of acquiring forest cover data and to have a better understanding of the relation between tropical forest cover change and hydrological behavior evolution of a large watershed, it is necessary to develop a new approach by using numeric remote sensing.

We used the watershed of Dong Nai as a case study. Flooding frequency and flooding peaks have clearly decreased when there is an increase of the forest cover from to The influence of tropical forest cover on the hydrological behavior is varying with geographical locations of watershed.

Reserves' potential of sedimentary basin: The aim of this thesis is to build a statistical model of oil and gas fields' sizes distribution in a given sedimentary basin, for both the fields that exist in: The estimation of all the parameters of the model via estimation of the density of the observations by model selection of piecewise polynomials by penalized maximum likelihood techniques enables to provide estimates of the total number of fields which are yet to be discovered, by class of size.

We assume that the set of underground fields' sizes is an i. The set of already discovered fields is a sub-sample without replacement from the previous which is 'size-biased'. The associated inclusion probabilities are to be estimated. We prove that the probability density of the observations is the product of the underlying density and of an unknown weighting function representing the sampling bias. An arbitrary partition of the sizes' interval being set called a model , the analytical solutions of likelihood maximization enables to estimate both the parameter of the underlying Levy-Pareto law and the weighting function, which is assumed to be piecewise constant and based upon the partition.

We shall add a monotonousness constraint over the latter, taking into account the fact that the bigger a field, the higher its probability of being discovered. Horvitz-Thompson-like estimators finally give the conclusion. We then allow our partitions to vary inside several classes of models and prove a model selection theorem which aims at selecting the best partition within a class, in terms of both Kuilback and Hellinger risk of the associated estimator. We conclude by simulations and various applications to real data from sedimentary basins of four continents, in order to illustrate theoretical as well as practical aspects of our model.

The river has been chosen for a pilot project with regard to its hydrographic, hydraulic and hydrobiological conditions. The main works consisted in a struggle against water pollution in the lower reach of the river, against poaching, and in an effort to improve the natural environment by the installation of facilities to overcome obstacles in order to allow the ascent of adult salmon.

Predator control, loosening on the gravel on the major spawning beds and planting of salmon eggs were also part of the management program. Although both the smolt and adult runs are still very limited, preliminary results are showing that their number is consistantly increasing.

However, it is too early to state that there is an actual reacclimatization of Atlantic salmon in the Bresle river, but results favour optimism for the future. It would therefore be advisable to increase salmon plantings by the release of a greater number of smolts and stress should be put on the improvement of fishing regulations as well as ways to reinforce them. Finally, the author feels that sea trout might be better suited than salmon in the streams of this area granted that in this particular case of the Bresle river the reintroduction of Atlantic salmon is a most interesting initiative for anglers.

Essais de decontamination des huitres Crassostrea gigas en bassin par renouvellement et circulation de l''eau. The germs decreasing of artificially contaminated oysters Crassostrea gigas has been studied in experimental tanks similar to a shellfish depuration plant, without any chemical or physical water treatment. The oyster were treated by three different water management pattern, compared to a control tank and the germs decreasing studied by MPN method of fecal Coliforms and Streptococus.

Full Text Available Microbiological quality improvement of secondary effluent by reservoir storage. Storing secondary effluents is of particular interest for water resource management. It constitutes further treatment which reduces the microbial contamination of water to a level where it can be used for the irrigation of all crops, without restriction.

The storage of treated wastewater takes place during the winter, ensuring that such a resource is not lost and enabling a larger area to be irrigated during the dry season, thereby increasing agricultural production. Storage trials in reservoirs were conducted in north-eastern Tunisia. Their objective was to determine the length and conditions of secondary effluent decontamination as well as the impact of seasonal storage on water quality.

The results indicate that the decontamination of effluents slows down with increased reservoir depth. For a depth of less than cm, a reduction of fecal coliforms in the order of 3 log units is attained in 3 days when the average temperature of the water ranges from 22 to 25 degrees C; when this temperature is between Below 20 degrees C, decontamination is considerably reduced: Seasonal storage from 2 to 7 months does not affect the bacteriological quality of water: Air-sea fluxes, open-sea deep convection and cyclo-genesis are studied in the Mediterranean with the development of a regional coupled model AORCM.

It accurately simulates these processes and their climate variabilities are quantified and studied. The regional coupling shows a significant impact on the number of winter intense cyclo-genesis as well as on associated air-sea fluxes and precipitation. A lower inter-annual variability than in non-coupled models is simulated for fluxes and deep convection.

The feedbacks driving this variability are understood. The climate change response is then analysed for the Moreover, a warming and salting of the Mediterranean as well as a strong weakening of its thermohaline circulation occur. The porcelain stoneware tiles production needs high whiteness clays in order to be competitive in the ceramic sector. In the present work, Spanish clays used in the porcelain stoneware tiles production have been characterized in physic, chemist and mineralogical terms, in order to reduce its content of chromophore oxides Fe2O3 and TiO2.

These reduction processes are concerned with different physical and chemical treatments, as sieving at mm, magnetic separation using a 0. Development and characterisation of a new anti-slip glaze with smooth texture and easy-cleaning for porcelain stoneware; Desarrollo y caracterizacion de un nuevo esmalte antideslizante de textura lisa y de facil limpieza para baldosas de gres porcelanico. Since conventional anti-slip enamels show some disadvantages, directly related to the surface roughness which prevents the adequate surface cleaning of tile, an anti-slip enamel exhibiting glass-ceramic nature has been designed, characterized by being stain-resistant and presenting a smooth texture and touch soft.

To do this, new matte frits and raw materials with similar nature have been used, refractory enough to be suitable in enamel compositions for porcelain stoneware. The glass-ceramic glaze thus prepared was characterized by various instrumental techniques X-ray fluorescence [XRF], scanning electron microscopy [SEM], X-ray diffraction [XRD], mechanical profilometry and microhardness measurements , in order to check the nature of crystallized phases, their morphology, surface roughness and microhardness of the finished tile.

In addition, the quality of the glazed piece has been evaluated by the regulations of chemical resistance, stain-resistance and slipperiness. The enamel obtained has devitrified in crystals of silicoaluminates of calcium and barium and complies with standards of anti-slip and stain-resistence, as it has a surface roughness similar to a non-slip enamel. Thermal power generation and the environment. Teploenergetika i okruzhayushchaya sreda i gidrotermicheskii i gidrokhinicheskii rezhim vodokhranilishcha okhzaditelya intovskoi gres.

Studies were of the physico-geographical conditions relief, soil, vegetation, etc. An analysis is made of the elements that make up the input and outflow segments of a reservoir's water balance, particularly the evaporation of heated waters from the surface of the reservoir. Data are given on long-term measurements of the thermal regime of a reservoir-coolant, heat-exchange processes and their connection with the efficient operation of a thermal power station. The thermal balance of a reservoir is defined.

A study was made of the effect that the Lithuaniam central power steam station has on atmospheric sediments, the physico-chemical regime of the reservoir-coolant, river drainage, and ground water. A description is given of the chemical composition of the surface bottom deposits, the intensity of modern sedimentation processes and sediment accumulation in the reservoir.

Penn State team were stored in a relational database for easy access, storage and maintainability. The relational database consisted of a Post Gres This same custom application was used to generate Microsoft Excel templates Press Break Forming Equipment 4. Government Research Evaluations and Academic Freedom: A UK and Australian Comparison.

Performance management systems have been an inevitable consequence of the development of government research evaluations GREs of university research, and have also inevitably affected the working life of academics. The aim of this paper is to track the development of GREs over the past 25 years, by critically evaluating their adoption in the UK…. A mottled horizon in a laterite cover without any duricrust was studied by microscopy and quantitative chemical microanalysis.

Dark red spots consisted of concentrations of Fe-rich particles. These patterns are inherited. On the border of structural or biological voids, where Fe-depletion features are systematic, gray or yellow spots result from dissolution of the Fe-rich particles and impregnation of the plasma by iron, respectively. The present Fe-depletion is the dominant process that explains the mottled differentiation and the absence of lateritic duricrust.

To cite this article: Geoscience De la parcelle au bassin versant: Carrying away and redistribution of radioisotopes on the Peyne catchment basin. Preliminary report; Entrainement et redistribution des radionucleides sur le bassin versant de la Peyne. The transfers of radioisotopes present in soils and sediments are essentially conditioned by the mobilities of the physical vectors which constitute their supports. The water is the main vector of natural transfer, radioisotopes being associated with it under dissolved or particulate shape.

The rainout and the hydrous erosion are responsible in particular for the carrying away and for the redistribution of contaminants following an atmospheric deposit on a catchment basin. However their effect is not the same in any point of the catchment basin. The work begun here aims at elaborating a classification of the grounds sensitivity towards this phenomenon of radioisotopes carrying away. The different factors of sensitivity have been identified: The Peyne catchment basin, that presents an important variability of these four parameters, constitutes the experimental site for this study.

On this catchment basin, we search to identify the areas the most sensitive to the carrying away of radioisotopes, by combining a theoretical predictive approach based on the cartography and a descriptive approach basing on the sampling and the analysis of soils samples. This PhD thesis develops original fingerprinting methods to track the dispersion of contaminated particles following this accident. International audience; Budgets of mineral elements in small forested catchments in Galicia NW Spain.

In order to assess the sustainability of mineral supply to fast growing Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus pinaster stands in Galice NW Spain , we calculated input-output nutrient budgets in three small catchments: In each catchment, the annual drainage output was lower Full Text Available It is noticed that from to ; the curve of water flow height is below that of discharge but there was no flooding. By cons, from to , this curve is above that of water levels and floods are recorded in this period.

It is concluded that of the 60 years, there has been a decrease in river flows and increase in the corresponding water levels. Flooding events recorded during last decades in Malaville and Karimama districts could be explained by a combination of different natural and man-made factors in Niger River watershed and in Malaville and Karimama districts Population growth has caused an expansion of cultivated areas, denudation of the banks with the resultant heavy erosion and filling of the main river bottom. The consequences of the reduction in the duration of the rainy season without a significant reduction in rainfall totals were amplified by anthropogenic forcing.

Full Text Available Drivers of deforestation in the Congo basin tropical forest. Description of the subject. The forests of the Congo Basin are among the best preserved areas on Earth. Nevertheless, the factors causing deforestation around the world are also present in this subregion. This document presents a literature review of the direct causes and underlying factors of deforestation in the tropical areas and highlights the drivers of deforestation in the Congo Basin and particularly in Cameroon and Gabon. Direct causes of deforestation, defined as having a direct cause-and-consequence connection with the destruction of forest cover, are underpinned by economic factors, technological developments, pro-deforestation policy measures and demographic pressures.

These factors interact in different ways in the various tropical regions worldwide, which explains the differences and similarities of regional deforestation dynamics. Beside the expansion of infrastructure, the development of mining and timber extraction, agriculture is the main direct cause of deforestation in the Congo Basin.

In Cameroon, the current deforestation is primarily driven by agriculture. The State emergency plan includes the development of infrastructure, the modernization of production, equipment and mining. The lack of strategy for rapidly changing demographics might be the most important underlying cause of deforestation. In Gabon, although the deforestation rate is low, agriculture and the opening of roads are main drivers.

The emergency plan includes modernization of infrastructure and the development of agro-industrial agriculture. A mutation of socio-ecosystems is expected in different parts of the Congo Basin. Future research should now turn to the analysis of socio-ecosystems representative of the various stages of the forest transition and identify drivers of change at different scales. Origin and composition of mineralizing fluids in the Athabasca Basin, Canada; Origine et composition des fluides mineralisateurs dans le Bassin de l'Athabasca, Canada.

The authors report studies aimed at understanding mechanisms of concentration of uranium in the geological environment of the Athabasca Basin Saskatchewan, Canada. They describe how two brines, a sodic one and a calcic one, circulated and mixed together while carrying uranium with exceptional and very heterogeneous concentrations.

They show that these brines have a common origin and are formed by sea water evaporation, that the calcic brine formed itself by interaction between the sodic brine and platform rocks, and that the interactions of brines with platform rocks and minerals, water radiolysis, and bitumen synthesis have controlled the isotopic content in oxygen, hydrogen and carbon of these brines. Actual situation and energy perspectives in the Mediterranean Sea Basin countries; Situation actuelle et perspectives energetiques dans les pays du bassin mediterraneen.

An examination of the situation in the Mediterranean countries indicates that the demand for energy will surge to more than million tonnes of petroleum equivalent in , an increase from the million of tonnes of petroleum equivalent in The supply of primary energy is mainly provided by Algeria, Egypt, and Lybia. The challenge is to ensure the long-term stability of the energy exchanges between producing countries and their customers. In this regard, the Maghreb countries are in a favorable position, where the distribution systems are fairly well developed.

The power distribution systems between these countries are interconnected in addition to Morocco-Spain , and there are pipelines connecting Algeria-Tunisia-Italy, and Algeria-Morocco-Spain which reinforce the cooperation efforts. The policies in place in the countries located south of the Mediterranean Sea vary somewhat. In Morocco, an institutional reform of the electricity sector took place in , where electricity production was effected in partnerships rather than being through leases.

Algeria aims at reforming regulations concerning electricity, gas and hydrocarbons distribution in an attempt to introduce competitiveness and favor foreign investments. Lybia is considering a reorganization of its electricity sector towards the implementation of market openness. Egypt implemented a vast program of Independent Energy Producers. South of the Mediterranean Sea, private electricity production is already a reality. The author briefly described the situation in Algeria in greater detail.

The Rharb basin is located in northwestern Morocco. It is a part of one of the most important hydrogeological basins of Morocco, and extends over some km 2. The nature of its Plio-Quaternary sedimentary fill and its structural and palaeoenvironmental contexts are reflected by great variations in aerial and temporal facies distribution. This distribution, in turn, is a direct cause of the observed complexity in the geometry of potentially water-bearing beds. In the present work, we present an image of potential new hydrogeological reservoirs and define new structures that partially explain their architecture.

This study is based on the analysis and the interpretation of the gravity data of the Tadla basin. Its purpose is to increase the knowledge of this basin structure. A residual anomaly map was first calculated from the Bouguer anomaly data witch are strongly affected by a regional gradient. The computed map provides information on the ground density variation but it does not bring enough of new elements. Data filtering allows us to emphasize the structures affecting the basin. We chose the horizontal gradient coupled to the upward continuation techniques that permit to highlight news structures and to give information on their dip.

The elaborated structural map of the study area constitutes a useful document for rationalizing the future groundwater exploration in the Tadla basin. The Mamora aquifer, in the northern Moroccan Meseta, constitutes the main regional water resource. Its impermeable basement is mostly composed of blue marls. The lithostratigraphy of the basin aquifer is characterised by a sequence of sandstones, sandy limestones, conglomerates and sandy clays. The structure of the basement of the Mamora aquifer, deduced from electrical resistivity measurements, allowed the hydrogeological behaviour of the reservoir, and the direction of the groundwater flow, to be established.

The combination of the lithological, morphological, piezometric, geophysical and structural investigations revealed a northward thickening of the substrate with groundwater flow towards the Rharb to the north and towards the Atlantic Ocean northwest. This 'multicriteria' approach enabled a structural model to be defined, which correlated well with the aquifer geometry and the groundwater flow.

The variability of the hydrogeological units, and the northward thickening of the sedimentary facies, were controlled by northeast-southwest orientated faults, which affect their impermeability. Various techniques horizontal and vertical derivatives, upward continuation, Euler deconvolution have been applied to the gravity data from the Triffa's plain and the north flank of the Beni-Snassen massif to delineate various major geological structures such as faults and basins.

These results allow the production of a structural map showing the fault systems for the survey area. This map forms the basis for planning future hydrogeological research in this region. Full Text Available Reactualisation of floristic and phytosociologic datas in Niayes and Peanut-Basin areas were undertook with village scale approach to better underline resources' conervation. In Savannah and sub-guinean areas specially in the Peanut-Basin and Niayes, floristic samples were put in place in 6 villages in an stratified way based on ethnic groups, land use systems and topography.

Datas were submitted to multivariate analysis. Results showed discrimination of 11 phytosociologic groups: Natural sites groups were progressively invided by disturded area species and the others by ruderals and nitrophyl species. Overall floristic richness is about species among which from the Niayes sites and from Peanut-Basin ones.

References sites are always richer in terms af genera but peul areas are richer in termes of species. Differences were evidenced between actual taxa and Trochain descriptions. This methodological approach might be extended to other ecogeographical zones in Senegal in order to better identify and follow phyotosociologic groups dynamics and facilitate their integration in modern classification.

Senegal, flora, phytosociology groups, dynamics. We propose to make a sociological assessment of the Volumetric Management basing on the notion of proximity with its different meanings. Urban lakes, often artificial, are fully integrated into the urban environment and perform several roles that are important for the sustainable functioning of cities. These ecosystems are strongly affected by human activities such as urbanization, land use changes and surface imperviousness which raise runoff in volume and speed, causing greater carrying capacity and greater pollutant load to aquatic receptors.

Because of these anthropogenic activities, many lakes in the world are eutrophic a Microbial production and consumption of dimethyl sulfide DMS in a sea grass Zostera noltii -dominated marine intertidal sediment ecosystem Bassin d'Arcachon, France. The relation between net dimethyl sulfide DMS production and changes in near surface mm oxygen concentrations in a sea grass Zostera noltii Hornem -covered intertidal sediment ecosystem was examined during a diel cycle.

Sediment covered with Zostera was found to be more oxygenated than. Document du BRGM, , p et p d'annexes. Full Text Available The efficiency of geological storage of CO2 lies in the confinement properties of the caprock. Among these properties, diffusive characteristics play an important, though sometimes underestimated, role. Although diffusion is a slow process, it can play a significant role in the long run. Besides, the desirable properties for a caprock — mainly high entry pressure and low permeability — are by no means contradictory with relatively high diffusion coefficients; the reason is that all these quantities do not depend on the same geometrical properties of the porous matrix pore size in one case, tortuosity in the other.

The model used for interpretation of the experiments is presented; this enables review of various quantities of interest: The pore self-diffusion coefficient for water was measured by two different techniques Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and tritiated water 1H3HO tracing on two samples. The results are comparable: The radioactive tracer method is then applied with tritiated water and carbontagged bicarbonate ions, H1CO-3, to samples from three depth levels.

Reduction of accessible porosity is evidenced for bicarbonate ions, which is attributed to anionic exclusion. Interaction between bicarbonate ions and the solid matrix is also shown. This suggests that additional CO2storage capacity might be offered by carbonated caprocks regardless of the problem of alteration by acidified water, not addressed here. Lastly, a few simple rules for extending the results presented here to other experimental conditions are proposed. Parmi ces proprietes, les caracteristiques diffusives jouent un role important qui est parfois sous-estime.

Dans un premier temps, on presente le modele simple de diffusion utilise pour le depouillement des experiences, ce qui permet de passer en revue les differentes grandeurs utiles: Les resultats obtenus sont comparables: Infusion of water into a coal mass, carried out at the mines of Houilleres du Bassin du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais. This paper reports on research work concerning water infusion in order to reduce dust danger at working face. It also describes development of the process since ; improvements to various low flow methods; and factors governing the choice of a process.

Infusion can be carried out from working face, or from levels. The paper also describes hole drilling equipment and methods used ; fitting out holes equipment, cementing ; inspection; and non-stop infusion. Late production of hydrocarbon gases in sedimentary basins: C leads to the formation of large amounts of late gas, mainly composed by methane. The work reported in this dissertation aims at understanding and quantifying the mechanisms of late methane generation and isotopic fractionation.

Impact of climate change on heavy precipitation events of the Mediterranean basin; Impact du changement climatique sur les evenements de pluie intense du bassin mediterraneen. A second topic covered by the CYPRIM project aims to characterize the evolution of heavy precipitation events in Mediterranean in the context of climate change. To this end, a continuous climate simulation from to has been run using a regional ocean-atmosphere coupled model under IPCC A2 emission scenario.

Various techniques of down-scaling, down to the very fine 2 km scale, and methods to highlight synoptic environments favourable to heavy rain, have been used to estimate the impact of climate change on precipitation and hydrology over South-East France, both for the whole autumn season and the heavy rain events. Full Text Available Impacts of climate change on hydrological regimes and water resources management in the Meuse catchment. This review examines the consequences of climate change on the hydrology of the Meuse catchment and on various water-related socio-economic sectors. It sums up the different modeling approaches in hydrological modeling, placing emphasis on current modeling assumptions and the restrictions inherent within them.

It is useful to consider land use evolution and adapted management within the context of climate change, particularly with reference to agriculture. More specifically, a broader usage of physically-based hydrological models would be useful in order to represent climate change scenarios and possible adaptation tracks at the catchment scale. These physically-based hydrological models are able to represent a wide range of phenomena occurring in the water-soil-plant continuum.

They thus allow a refinement of global hydrological solutions at the catchment scale, especially during low flow periods. Moreover, such models pave the way for the analysis of scenarios aimed at creating adaptation in the use and management of soils. Discrete kinematic modeling of the 3-D deformation of sedimentary basins; Modelisation cinematique discrete de la deformation 3D des bassins sedimentaires. The present work deals with three-dimensional deformation of sedimentary basins. The main goal of the work was to propose new ways to study tectonic deformation and to insert it into basin-modeling environment for hydrocarbon migration applications.

To handle the complexity of the deformation, the model uses kinematic laws, a discrete approach, and the construction of a code that allows the greatest diversity in the deformation mechanisms we can take into account. The 3-D-volume deformation is obtained through the calculation of the behavior of the neutral surface of each basin layer.

The main idea is to deform the neutral surface of each layer with the help of geometrical laws and to use the result to rebuild the volume deformation of the basin. The constitutive algorithm includes three characteristic features. The first one deals with the mathematical operator we use to describe the flexural-slip mechanism which is a combination of the translation of the neutral surface nodes and the rotation of the vertical edges attached to these nodes.

This performs the reversibility that was required for the basin modeling. The second one is about. The knowledge of volume variations can become a powerful tool in structural geology analysis and the perfect complement for a field study. The last one concerns the modularity of the developed code. Indeed, the proposed model uses three main mechanisms of deformation. But the architecture of the code allows the insertion of new mechanisms or a better interaction between them.

The model has been validated first with 2-D cases, then with 3-D natural cases. They give good results from a qualitative point of view. They also show the capacity of the model to provide a deformation path that is geologically acceptable, and its ability to control the volume variations of the basin through the deformation. In this article, the author characterizes the water and agriculture of the islands of Cape Verde andanalyzes the challenges in the water after the dam construction Poilao in the Valley of Ribeira Seca,on the island of Santiago, using the IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management approach.

Interms of legislation, it is necessary to propose new laws, decrees and regulations that are consistentwith our reality, as opposed to a large batch of inapplicable legal instruments obsolete and difficult tounderstand. It is to find a model that fits the reality of Cape Verde and Santiago Island, involvingall partners for the sustainable management of the valley of Ribeira Seca and that can serve as anexample to future to build dams.

Study of the Ouarzazate basin structure by seismic reflection: A large number of seismic reflection lines have been carried out in the Ouarzazate basin by the oil industry. The present study is concerned with the interpretation of a part of these data in order to characterize the structure of the Eocene aquifer system. The reflector corresponding to the base of this system, made up of sandstone and limestone, was first identified then digitized on each time-migrated seismic section.

An isochrone map of this reflector was realized. The analysis of this map shows that the area under study is subdivided into two structurally contrasted domains. The first, the northern one, is intensively deformed; while the second, the southern one, is slightly folded. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the deep geological structure of the Ouarzazate basin.

This allows us to better comprehend the functioning of the Eocene aquifer system, and to rationalize the future potential underground water exploration in the Ouarzazate basin. Carboniferous bioconstructions of the Bechar Basin, Algerian Sahara: Sedimentology, diagenesis, and petroleum potential. Les bioconstructions carboniferes du Bassin de Bechar, Sahara algerien: Sedimentologie, diagenese et potentiel petrolifere.

Carbonate massifs which surface on the northwest of the Bechar Basin in the Algerian Sahara are studied, in particular the lithostratigraphic section of the upper Visean of the Grand Erg Occidental. The latter corresponds to a succession of 13 shallowing-upward parasequences.

The vertical distribution of the microflora within the facies translates into a zonation as function of depth. An idealized ecological succession formed from seven benthic assemblages is proposed. Diagenetic analysis of the studied sequences has revealed nine diagenetic phases corresponding to six calcitic cements, two dolomitization phases, and one of silicification.

• CAN GOD SAVE HAITI?
• Mr Campions Farthing (Vintage Classic Crime Book 20)
• Orangey the Goldfish (Book 1)
• Le pouce crochu (French Edition)
• Crow 3: Tears of Blood (A Crow Western)
• The Case of the Ill-Fated Playwright