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The Supreme Court has seven members appointed by the President—subject to Senate approval—who serve for life. The lower courts' judges are proposed by the Council of Magistrates a secretariat composed of representatives of judges, lawyers, researchers, the Executive and the Legislative , and appointed by the President on Senate approval.

Argentina is a federation of twenty-three provinces and one autonomous city , Buenos Aires. Provinces are divided for administration purposes into departments and municipalities , except for Buenos Aires Province, which is divided into partidos. The City of Buenos Aires is divided into communes. Provinces hold all the power that they chose not to delegate to the federal government; [] they must be representative republics and must not contradict the Constitution.

During the War of Independence the main cities and their surrounding countrysides became provinces though the intervention of their cabildos. The Anarchy of the Year XX completed this process, shaping the original thirteen provinces. Jujuy seceded from Salta in , and the thirteen provinces became fourteen. After seceding for a decade, Buenos Aires accepted the Constitution of Argentina in , and was made a federal territory in An law designated as national territories those under federal control but outside the frontiers of the provinces.

Foreign policy is officially handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship , which answers to the President. An historical and current middle power , [27] Argentina bases its foreign policies on the guiding principles of non-intervention , [] human rights, self-determination , international cooperation , disarmament and peaceful settlement of conflicts. In Argentina was elected again to a two-year non-permanent position on the United Nations Security Council and is participating in major peacekeeping operations in Haiti , Cyprus , Western Sahara and the Middle East.

It is also a founding member of the Mercosur block, having Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela as partners. Since the country has emphasized its key role in Latin American integration , and the block—which has some supranational legislative functions—is its first international priority. Argentina disputes sovereignty over the Falkland Islands Spanish: The President holds the title of commander-in-chief of the Argentine Armed Forces, as part of a legal framework that imposes a strict separation between national defense and internal security systems: The National Defense System , an exclusive responsibility of the federal government, [] coordinated by the Ministry of Defense , and comprising the Army , the Navy and the Air Force.

Military service is voluntary, with enlistment age between 18 and 24 years old and no conscription. The Interior Security System , jointly administered by the federal and subscribing provincial governments. In , an Argentine contingent including helicopters, boats and water purification plants was sent to help Bolivia against their worst floods in decades. Benefiting from rich natural resources , a highly literate population, a diversified industrial base, and an export-oriented agricultural sector, the economy of Argentina is Latin America's third-largest, [] and the second largest in South America.

A middle emerging economy and one of the world's top developing nations, [] [L] Argentina is a member of the G major economies. Historically, however, its economic performance has been very uneven, with high economic growth alternating with severe recessions, income maldistribution and—in the recent decades—increasing poverty. Early in the 20th century Argentina achieved development, [25] and became the world's seventh richest country. High inflation —a weakness of the Argentine economy for decades—has become a trouble once again, [] with an annual rate of Argentina ranks 85th out of countries in the Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index , [] an improvement of 22 positions over its rankings.

In [update] manufacturing accounted for In [update] the leading sectors by volume were: Nevertheless, this road infrastructure is still inadequate and cannot handle the sharply growing demand caused by deterioration of the railway system.

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Buenos Aires has historically been the most important port; however since the s the Up-River port region has become dominant: In [update] there were airports with paved runways [] out of more than a thousand. Print media industry is highly developed in Argentina, with more than two hundred newspapers. The Argentine television industry is large, diverse and popular across Latin America, with many productions and TV formats having been exported abroad. Since Argentines enjoy the highest availability of cable and satellite television in Latin America, [] as of [update] totaling By [update] Argentina also had the highest coverage of networked telecommunications among Latin American powers: Argentinians have received three Nobel Prizes in the Sciences.

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Bernardo Houssay , the first Latin American recipient, discovered the role of pituitary hormones in regulating glucose in animals, and shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in Luis Leloir discovered how organisms store energy converting glucose into glycogen and the compounds which are fundamental in metabolizing carbohydrates , receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in Argentine research has led to treatments for heart diseases and several forms of cancer.

Domingo Liotta designed and developed the first artificial heart that was successfully implanted in a human being in Argentina's nuclear programme has been highly successful. In Argentina was the first country in Latin America to design and build a research reactor with homegrown technology, the RA-1 Enrico Fermi.

This reliance in the development of own nuclear related technologies, instead of simply buying them abroad, was a constant of Argentina's nuclear programme conducted by the civilian National Atomic Energy Commission CNEA. In , the country admitted having the capability of producing weapon-grade uranium , a major step needed to assemble nuclear weapons ; since then, however, Argentina has pledged to use nuclear power only for peaceful purposes.

Despite its modest budget and numerous setbacks, academics and the sciences in Argentina have enjoyed an international respect since the turn of the s, when Dr. Argentine scientists are still on the cutting edge in fields such as nanotechnology , physics , computer sciences , molecular biology, oncology, ecology and cardiology. Juan Maldacena , an Argentine-American scientist, is a leading figure in string theory.

Space research has also become increasingly active in Argentina.

Argentina - Wikipedia

Chosen from 20 potential sites and one of only three such ESA installations in the world, the new antenna will create a triangulation which will allow the ESA to ensure mission coverage around the clock []. Tourism in Argentina is characterized by its cultural offerings and its ample and varied natural assets. The country had 5. In the census [ INDEC ] , Argentina had a population of 36,,, and preliminary results from the census were of 40,, inhabitants. Population density is of 15 persons per square kilometer of land area, well below the world average of 50 persons.

The population growth rate in was an estimated 1. The net migration rate has ranged from zero to four immigrants per 1, inhabitants per year. The proportion of people under 15 is Its birth rate of 2. Argentina became in the first country in Latin America and the second in the Americas to allow same-sex marriage nationwide. As with other areas of new settlement such as the United States , Canada , Australia , New Zealand , Brazil and Uruguay , Argentina is considered a country of immigrants. Between and Argentina was the country with the second biggest immigration wave in the world, with 6.

Strikingly, at those times, the national population doubled every two decades. This belief is endured in the popular saying "los argentinos descienden de los barcos" Argentines descend from the ships. Therefore, most Argentines are descended from the 19th- and 20th-century immigrants of the great immigration wave to Argentina — , [] [] with a great majority of these immigrants coming from diverse European countries. The majority of these European immigrants came from Italy and Spain. Argentina is home to a significant population of Arab and partial Arab background, mostly of Syrian and Lebanese origin in Argentina they are considered among the white people , just like in the United States Census.

A scant number are Muslims of Middle Eastern origins. The Asian population in the country numbers at around , individuals, most of whom are of Chinese [] and Korean descent, although an older Japanese community that traces back to the early 20th century still exists. From the s, immigration has mostly been coming from Bolivia , Paraguay and Peru , with smaller numbers from Dominican Republic , Ecuador and Romania. The de facto [M] official language is Spanish , spoken by almost all Argentines. Due to the extensive Argentine geography, Spanish has a strong variation among regions, although the prevalent dialect is Rioplatense , primarily spoken in the La Plata Basin and accented similarly to the Neapolitan language.

The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion. The country is home to both the largest Muslim [] and largest Jewish communities in Latin America, the latter being the 7th most populous in the world. Argentines show high individualization and de-institutionalization of religious beliefs; [] About 3 million people live in the city of Buenos Aires, and including the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area it totals around 13 million, making it one of the largest urban areas in the world.

The population is unequally distributed: Seven other provinces have over one million people each: The Argentine education system consists of four levels: The Argentine state guarantees universal, secular and free-of-charge public education for all levels. In the last decades the role of the private sector has grown across all educational stages. Health care is provided through a combination of employer and labor union-sponsored plans Obras Sociales , government insurance plans, public hospitals and clinics and through private health insurance plans.

Health care cooperatives number over of which are related to labor unions and provide health care for half the population; the national INSSJP popularly known as PAMI covers nearly all of the five million senior citizens. There are more than , hospital beds, , physicians and 37, dentists ratios comparable to developed nations. Causes related to senility led to many of the rest. The availability of health care has also reduced infant mortality from 70 per live births in [] to Argentina is a multicultural country with significant European influences.

Modern Argentine culture has been largely influenced by Italian , Spanish and other European immigration from France, United Kingdom , and Germany among others. Its cities are largely characterized by both the prevalence of people of European descent, and of conscious imitation of American and European styles in fashion, architecture and design.

Argentine writer Ernesto Sabato has reflected on the nature of the culture of Argentina as follows:. With the primitive Hispanic American reality fractured in La Plata Basin due to immigration, its inhabitants have come to be somewhat dual with all the dangers but also with all the advantages of that condition: Jorge Luis Borges , Argentina's most acclaimed writer and one of the foremost figures in the history of literature , [] found new ways of looking at the modern world in metaphor and philosophical debate and his influence has extended to authors all over the globe.

Short stories such as Ficciones and The Aleph are among his most famous works. He was a friend and collaborator of Adolfo Bioy Casares , who wrote one of the most praised science fiction novels , The Invention of Morel. Tango , a Rioplatense musical genre with European and African influences, [] is one of Argentina's international cultural symbols. A national Argentine folk style emerged in the s from dozens of regional musical genres and went to influence the entirety of Latin American music. Some of its interpreters, like Atahualpa Yupanqui and Mercedes Sosa , achieved worldwide acclaim.

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Argentine rock developed as a distinct musical style in the mids, when Buenos Aires and Rosario became cradles of aspiring musicians. Tenor saxophonist Leandro "Gato" Barbieri and composer and big band conductor Lalo Schifrin are among the most internationally successful Argentine jazz musicians.

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Another popular musical genre at present is Cumbia villera is a subgenre of cumbia music originated in the slums of Argentina and popularized all over Latin America and the Latin communities abroad. Buenos Aires is one of the great theatre capitals of the world, [] [] with a scene of international caliber centered on Corrientes Avenue , "the street that never sleeps", sometimes referred to as an intellectual Broadway in Buenos Aires. In this stage, in , a tragedy entitled Siripo had its premiere. It was the nation's longest-continuously operating stage. The musical creator of the Argentine National Anthem, Blas Parera , earned fame as a theatre score writer during the early 19th century.

The genre suffered during the regime of Juan Manuel de Rosas , though it flourished alongside the economy later in the century. Antonio Petalardo's successful gambit on the opening of the Teatro Opera , inspired others to fund the growing art in Argentina.

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The Argentine film industry has historically been one of the three most developed in Latin American cinema , along with those produced in Mexico and Brazil. Argentine films have achieved worldwide recognition: Many other Argentine films have been acclaimed by the international critique: In [update] about full-length motion pictures were being created annually.

Internationally laureate sculptors Erminio Blotta , Lola Mora and Rogelio Yrurtia authored many of the classical evocative monuments of the Argentine cityscape. Italian and French influences increased at the beginning of the 19th century with strong eclectic overtones that gave the local architecture a unique feeling. Numerous Argentine architects have enriched their own country's cityscape and those around the world: Juan Antonio Buschiazzo helped popularize Beaux-Arts architecture and Francisco Gianotti combined Art Nouveau with Italianate styles, each adding flair to Argentine cities during the early 20th century.

Pelli's s throwbacks to the Art Deco glory of the s made him one of the world's most prestigious architects, with the Norwest Center and the Petronas Towers among his most celebrated creations. Pato is the national sport , [] an ancient horseback game locally originated in the early s and predecessor of horseball. Along with Brazil and France , the men's national team is the only one to have won the most important international triplet: The country's women's field hockey team Las Leonas , is one of the world's most successful with four Olympic medals , two World Cups , a World League and seven Champions Trophy.

Basketball is a very popular sport. It has also conquered 13 South American Championships , and many other tournaments. Rugby is another popular sport in Argentina. As of [update] the men's national team , known as 'Los Pumas' has competed at the Rugby World Cup each time it has been held, achieving their highest ever result in when they came third. Since the secondary men's national team known as the 'Jaguares' has competed against the USA , Canada , and Uruguay first teams in the Americas Rugby Championship , which Los Jaguares have won six out of eight times it has taken place.

Tennis has been quite popular among people of all ages. Argentina reigns undisputed in Polo , having won more international championships than any other country and been seldom beaten since the s. The country is home to most of the world's top players, among them Adolfo Cambiaso , the best in Polo history.

Historically, Argentina has had a strong showing within Auto racing. Juan Manuel Fangio was five times Formula One world champion under four different teams, winning of his international races, and is widely ranked as the greatest driver of all time. Besides many of the pasta, sausage and dessert dishes common to continental Europe, Argentines enjoy a wide variety of Indigenous and Criollo creations, including empanadas a small stuffed pastry , locro a mixture of corn, beans, meat, bacon, onion, and gourd , humita and mate. The country has the highest consumption of red meat in the world, [] traditionally prepared as asado , the Argentine barbecue.

It is made with various types of meats, often including chorizo , sweetbread , chitterlings , and blood sausage. Common desserts include facturas Viennese-style pastry , cakes and pancakes filled with dulce de leche a sort of milk caramel jam , alfajores shortbread cookies sandwiched together with chocolate, dulce de leche or a fruit paste , and tortas fritas fried cakes [].

Argentine wine , one of the world's finest, [] is an integral part of the local menu. Some of Argentina's national symbols are defined by law, while others are traditions lacking formal designation. The hornero , living across most of the national territory, was chosen as the national bird in after a lower school survey. Argentine wine is the national liquor , and mate , the national infusion. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Argentina disambiguation. Sol de Mayo [2] Sun of May. Indigenous peoples in Argentina. The Cave of the Hands in Santa Cruz province , with indigenous artwork dating from 13,—9, years ago.

Spanish colonization of the Americas. List of Presidents of Argentina and Generation of ' Argentine—Chilean naval arms race and South American dreadnought race. Argentine economic crisis — and Kirchnerism. Climate of Argentina and Climatic regions of Argentina. Government of Argentina and Ministries of the Argentine Republic.

List of Argentine provinces by population. Foreign relations of Argentina. Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic. Ministro Pistarini International Airport opened in Argentina rail passenger services interactive map. Science and technology in Argentina. Ethnography of Argentina and Immigration to Argentina. List of cities in Argentina by population. Health care in Argentina. Andy Muschietti , director of It , the highest-grossing horror film of all-time.

National symbols of Argentina. Argentina portal Latin America portal. The people looked upward with one accord and took it as a favorable omen for their cause. This was the origin of the "sun of May" which has appeared in the center of the Argentine flag and on the Argentine coat of arms ever since. The sun commemorates the appearance of the sun through cloudy skies on 25 May , during the first mass demonstration in favor of independence. The Argentines who speak Welsh". Archived from the original on Retrieved 16 October Retrieved 18 May Retrieved 19 January Archived from the original XLS on 8 June Retrieved 10 September World Economic Outlook Database.

Retrieved 9 October Retrieved 9 November United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 14 September Archived from the original on 20 March Argentina is thus not a "developing country". Uniquely, it achieved development and then lost it again. Treasury organized the next round of finance meetings, it included several non-APEC members, including all the European members of the G7, the Latin American powers Argentina and Brazil, and such other emerging markets as India, Poland, and South Africa.

Archived from the original on 26 October Argentina's economy appears stable, but confidence in financial institutions remains low. Retrieved 10 July Archived from the original on 5 March Argentina Ministry of the Interior. Fronteras y territorios federales de las pampas del Sud in Spanish. La guerra por las vacas in Spanish. Retrieved 4 December Historia del Chaco in Spanish. Retrieved 20 February State terrorism in Latin America , p. Retrieved 7 November Retrieved 25 June Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Archived from the original on 8 September Retrieved 3 September Archived from the original on 31 October Archived from the original on 23 July Geology — Geoscience News and Information.

Archived from the original on 27 March Convention on Biological Diversity. Archived from the original on 19 October Retrieved August 15, Archived from the original on 20 December Retrieved 28 August Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 7 June Archived from the original on 30 August Retrieved 21 August The Agricultural University of Iceland. Retrieved 23 July Embassy of Argentina in Australia. Archived from the original on 26 April United Nations — Secretary General.

Archived from the original on 5 June Archived from the original on 2 December Archived from the original on 3 November Archived PDF from the original on 8 May URL accessed on 15 October Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Archived from the original on 6 September Retrieved 3 December The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 7 March Retrieved 12 October World Economic Outlook Database, October Archived PDF from the original on 25 July The New York Times. Retrieved 15 April Retrieved 11 April Archived from the original XLS on 10 April Archived from the original on 10 March Archived from the original on 3 December Country pushing CNG, food processing".

Archived from the original on 9 November Encyclopedia of the Nations. Archived from the original on 27 September Archived from the original on 7 April Archived from the original on 14 October Archived from the original on 1 November Archived from the original on 23 May Mi Buenos Aires Querido. Archived from the original on 13 November Archived from the original on 2 May Archived from the original on 2 April Carnegie Endowment for international peace.

Argentina is on the forefront of the fight for nuclear security". Archived from the original on 16 April Archived from the original on 5 August Retrieved 27 April Archived from the original on 23 March Archived from the original on 4 February Retrieved 25 October Archived from the original on 7 January Completely cumulative, tablet and smartphone friendly. Changes inserted or deleted texts indicated in both html and pdf versions.

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