Die literarische Gattung Novelle. Theorien und Beispieltexte (German Edition)

Die literarische Gattung Novelle. Theorien und Beispieltexte Schaffelhofer, Flor

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Comparative Literature, 37 , Claus Uhlig, Theorie der Literarhistorie: Prinzipien und Paradigmen Heidelberg, Guthke, Der Mythos der Neuzeit: Michigan Germanic Studies, 11 , Canadian Review of Comparative Literature, 12 , Arno Valley, near Montecarlo, Italy. Valvata andreaei Menzel, Original source: Diluvial interglacial freshwater sediments.

Zhejiang, Southern Anhui, China. Valvata piscinalis annandalei Preston, Original source: Valvata annelata Menke, Original source: Swamp paludosis at the basis of Mount Sinai, Egypt. Charterhouse Mine, South Wales, U. Valvata antiqua Morris, Original source: Grays in the Thames valley [from the publication titles], England.

Middle Jurassic, Toutunhe Formation. Valvata antiquilina Mozley, Original source: Valvata arenifera Lea, Original source: Cumberland river near Nashville, Tennessee, U. Lago di Aviliana, Italy. Valvata baicalensis Gerstfeldt, Original source: Valvata tricarinata bakeri Fluck, Original source: Collected from detritus, thus possibly sub fossil.

Valvata bathybia Dybowski, Original source: Valvata bicarinata Lea, non Willmann, Original source: Lower Pleistocene, Middle Iraki-Formation. Valvata Cincinna biwaensis Preston, Original source: Valvata bocconi Calcara, Original source: Pantano di Mondello, region of Termini, Sicilia, Italy. Contorno di Torino, Italy. Valvata borealis Milachevich, Original source: Orahovac region, Metohija basin, Kosovo.

Valvata bourguignati Letourneux, Original source: Neauphlette, west of Paris, France. Valvata branchiata Gruithuisen, Original source: Valvata Cincinna brandti Westerlund, Original source: Bogushanskaya Inlet, Lake Baikal, Russia. Valvata brownii Carpenter, Original source: Valvata humeralis californica Pilsbry, Original source: Marl—deposit, Upper Lahontan Quaternary. Valvata callista Innes, Original source: Zhongjiang County, Sichuan Basin, China. Soceni Banat , Romania. Valvata carinata Sowerby, non Fuchs, Original source: See also Esu Iturup Island, Reidovoe Lake, 1—5 m, Russia.

River Elbe at Hamburg, Germany. Altintepe near the town of Fatsa close to the Black Sea, Turkey. Valvata colbeaui Roffiaen, Original source: Brienzersee near Iseltwald, Switzerland. Valvata compressa Locard, Original source: Valvata Cincinna consors Westerlund, Original source: Helix contortaplicata Gmelin, Original source: Valvata coronadoi Bourguignat, Original source: Tabakalari, Tahir, Eastern Turkey.

Valvata cressidana Locard, Original source: Marais de Cressida, Corfu, Greece. Fridrichsdal NW of Copenhagen , Denmark. Valvata cumingii Reeve, Original source: Valvata cyclomphala Westerlund, Original source: Upper Jurassic, Morrison Formation. Middle Eocene, Upper Bartonian. Jiangyou, Sichuan Province, Southwest China. Valvata sincera danielsi Walker, Original source: Cannon Lake, Rice Co.

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Right bank of Ochakov—mouth in the Danube delta, Ukraine. Coal—mine Egsdorf near Hannover, Germany. Saint-Gaultier Indre , France. Valvata depressa Pfeiffer, Original source: Paludina dilatata Eichwald, Original source: Valvata discors Westerlund, Original source: Bessancourt Seine-et-Oise , France. Orahovac region, Metohija Basin, Southwest Kosovo. Valvata erythropomatia Hauffen, Original source: Livanates near Talanti, Greece. Tertiary; Mainzer Becken, Germany. Upper Pleistocene Evksinsk layer.

Valvata exigua Schmidt, Original source: Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt Valvata exilis Paladilhe, Original source: Valvata eximia Servain, Original source: Valvata fagoti Fagot, Original source: Helix fascicularis Gmelin, Original source: Valvata fennica Westerlund, Original source: Valvata Tropidina fezi Altimira, Original source: Pincher Creek, North—west Territory, Canada.

Valvata fluviatilis Colbeau, Original source: Turbo fontinalis Pulteney, Original source: Kenese at Lake Balaton , Hungary. Valvata frigida Westerlund, Original source: Kenese at Lake Balaton, Hungary. Lac de Neuchatel, Switzerland. Upper Miocene - Pliocene, Pannonian Portaferrian.

Okrugljak in Zagreb, Croatia. Western Liaoning Province, China. Valvata Cincinna gafurovi Izzatullaev, Original source: Valvata Cincinna gaillardoti Germain, Original source: Environs de Saida, Syria. Valvata gallica Locard, Original source: Valvata Cincinna geyeri Menzel, often cited as Menzel Original source: Valvata gracilis Locard, Original source: Valvata grubei Dybowski, Original source: Valvata guatemalensis Morelet, Original source: Figured by Gozhik Valvata Cincinna halopea Westerlund, Original source: Lake Palavesi near Kuopio, Finland.

Cincinna hankensis Prozorova, Original source: Valvata hebraica Lesson, Original source: Vokasia Tal, Island of Kos, Greece. US National Museum No. Island of Rhodos, Greece. Vyteria in Arkadia, Greece. Valvata helvetica Locard, Original source: Hidas Komitat Baranya , Bakony mountains, Hungary. Pliocene — Pleistocene, Dacian — Romanian. Valvata cristata hokkaidoensis Miyadi, Original source: Neogene, layer of grey marl. Uhuo Xian, Hebei Province, China.

Misspelling of Valvata humeralis Say, Upper Miocene — Pliocene, Pannonian Portaferrian. Okrugljak, near Zagreb, Croatia. Valvata imhofi Clessin, Original source: Lake Garda, Trentino, Italy. Valvata inconspicua Adams, Original source: Valvata Cincinna innesi Pallary, Original source: Valvata intermedia Locard, Original source: Lago di Como near Bellagio, Lombardia, Italy. Middle Pleistocene of Oka-Don Plain. Novokhopersk, right bank of Khoper river, Voronezh region, Russia. Csinger valley near Ajka, Bakony, Hungary. Cincinna iturupensis Prozorova, in Prozorova and Starobogatov Original source: Lake Dobroye, Iturup Island, Russia.

Upper Miocene — Maeotian. Valvata japonica Martens, Original source: River Dnieper, near Kiev, Ukraina.

Jinggu County, Yunnan Province, China. Pliocene, Koobi Fora Formation. Turkana Basin, Northern Kenya. Pliocene - brown coal area. Note the high polymorphism of this species. Valvata khedivialis Innes, Original source: Cincinna Sibirovalvata klucharevae Starobogatov, Original source: Valvata Cincinna korotnevi Lindholm, Original source: Angarskyi sor northern Baikal , Russia. Megalovalvata kozhovi Sitnikova, Original source: Zavorotnaya Bay western coast of northern Baikal , Russia.

Valvata kugleri Forcart, Original source: Holotype and paratypes in Naturmuseum Basel, Switzerland Valvata kukunorica Sturany, Original source: Upper Miocene, Upper Pannonian. Valvata lacustris Clessin, Original source: Lake Geneva, 50— m, Switzerland. According to the not round aperture probably not a valvatid. Middle Miocene - calcaire marneux. Ebenthaler Allee avenue near Klagenfurt, Carinthia, Austria. Valvata Atropidina lauta Lindholm, Original source: Upper Cretaceous, Minhe Formation. Xining-Minhe Basin of Qinghai, China. Sediment of river Regnitz near Bamberg, Germany. Valvata lewisi Currier, Original source: Radula rhachis tooth figured by Baker Valvata lilljeborgi Westerlund, Original source: Paludina lustrica Say, Original source: Valvata macei Locard, Original source: Zhejiang, Southern Anhui, China Holotype: Lac de Joux, Kanton Waadt, Switzerland.

Valvata maroccana Pallary, Original source: Pleistocene - marl of Upper Wisconsin age. Valvata menkeana Jelski, Original source: Valvata meretricis Locard, Original source: Valvata meridionalis Locard, Original source: Valvata mergella Westerlund, Original source: Port Clarence, Alaska, U. Ljubljanica spring, Mocilnik, Slovenia.

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Valvata micrometrica Locard, Original source: Valvata microscopica Nevill, Original source: Amur river, Siberia, Russia. Spoleto Pananelli , Umbria, Italy. Valvata baicalensis forma minor Lindholm, Original source: Valvata minutissima Wattebled, Original source: Upper Miocene — Lower Pliocene. Kocs Szendi-Street , Hungary. Valvata monterosati Westerlund, Original source: Valvata moquiniana Dupuy, Original source: Island of Madeira, Portugal.

Jiangyou, Sichuan Province, southwest China. Valvata naticina Menke, Original source: Lower Creatceous, Barremian and Berriasian. Ostrov — the southern border of Bugeac Lake, Romania. Valvata nilotica Jickeli, Original source: Mahmudi Canal, Nile river near Alexandria, Egypt.

Valvata bicarinata normalis Walker, Original source: Radula shown in Baker Holotype Zoological Museum Hamburg Cyclostoma obtusum Draparnaud, Original source: Lake Balaton, Tihany, Hungary. Ptolemaida, West Macedonia, Greece. Shakespeare Island Lake, Ontario, Canada. Crnika, Island of Pag, Croatia.

Pliocene — Pleistocene, Dacian-Romanian. Mali Poganac near Lepavina , Croatia. Valvata Cincinna pamirensis Starobogatov, Original source: Valvata panormitana Locard, Original source: Valvata parva Locard, Original source: Davsha Inlet, 9 fathoms eastern coast of northern Baikal , Russia.

Introduction

Upper Oligocene — Lower Cabbage. Pliocene, brown coal area. Valvata pedderi Smith, Original source: Lake Edgar part of Lake Pedder , Tasmania. Penglai town, Sichuan Basin, China. Valvata tricarinata perconfusa Walker, Original source: Valvata bicarinata perdepressa Walker, Original source: Pliocene, Kosovo Series topmost horizon. Valvata pharaonum Innes, Original source: Arkitsa near Livanates, Greece. Torbiera di Polada, Northern Italy. Lake Baikal, around Island Olchon, Russia. Upper Pliocene — Lower Pleistocene.

Upper Miocene, Pannonian Serbian. Valvata planorbis Draparnaud, Original source: Valvata planorbulina Paladilhe, Original source: Valvata planulata Innes, Original source: Tihany, Lake Balaton, Hungary. Valvata pornae Locard, Original source: Germano, Campania, both Italy. Upper Miocene — Lower Maeotian. Middle or Upper Miocene — Sarmatian. Upper Jurassic, Middle Kimmeridge. Kahlberg in the Harz, Germany. Valvata profunda Clessin, Original source: Simbirsk and Saratov governments, Russia. Sisti Pontecorvo , Southern Latium, Romania.

Valvata pulchella Studer, in Coxe Original source: Valvata pupoidea Gould, Original source: Valvata pusilla Piersanti, non Martinson, Original source: Adams, non Noulet, ; non Moore, Original source: Valvata piscinalis raboti Westerlund, Original source: Basin of Skopje, Macedonia. Upper Pliocene—Lower Pleistocene, Romanian. Valvata regalis Locard, Original source: Valvata revoili Bourguignat, Original source: Market of Moguedoushou Mogadishu , Somalia.

Valvata rhabdota Sturany, Original source: Vallonia rosalia Risso, Original source: Valvata rothi Innes, Original source: Valvata pulchella saghalinensis Miyadi, Original source: Valvata saulcyi Bourguignat, Original source: Valvata schmidtii Menke, Original source: Valvata schweinfurthi Innes, Original source: Cimbisi district near Debra, Erhan, Ethiopia.

Valvata sequanica Locard, Original source: Visoka Negotin , Serbia. Pliocene — Pleistocene, Romanian. Valvata servaini Locard, Original source: Zhuo Xian, Hebei, China. Middle — Upper Eocene. Sichuan Emei lotus leaf bend, Sichuan Province, China. Valvata piscinalis simusyuensis Miyadi, Original source: Valvata sincera Say, Original source: Valvata Cincinna sorensis Dybowski, Original source: Posolskyj sor eastern coast of Baikal , Russia.

Valvata spelaea Hauffen, Original source: Cave of Glaven, Slovenia. Valvata spirorbis Draparnaud, Original source: Valvata stelleri Dybowski, Original source: Lake Chalaktir, Kamtschatka, Russia. Lower Pliocene, lignit brown coal layers. Valvata stoliczkana Nevill, Original source: Yarkand, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, China. Valvata striata Philippi, non Lewis, Original source: Valvata striata Lewis, in Lea non Philippi, Original source: Jakuschina , Original source: North Choibalsan region, Mongolia.

Middle or Upper Miocene, Sarmatian. Creek of Godesberg near Bonn, Germany. River Areuse, Canton Neuchatel, Switzerland. Pleistocene or Holocene Alluvium V. Zhuji same Shan, province Zhejiang, China. Cincinna sujfunensis Prozorova, in Prozorova and Starobogatov Original source: Upper Jurassic, Meng-Yin formation.

Ning Chia Kou, Shandong, China. Kleinkarben in Hessen, Germany. Valvata syracusana Locard, Assapo near Syracus in Sicily, Italy. Valvata tacitiana Locard, Marshes of Cressida, Corfu, Greece. Valvata tasmanica Tennison Woods, Original source: Valvata theotokii Locard, Original source: Valvata tilhoi Germain, Original source: Valvata tolosana Saint-Simon, Original source: Toulouse, channel of Midi, France. Cyclostoma tricarinata Say, Original source: Lingboa Basin of Henan Province, China.

Valvata turgidula Locard, Original source: Middle Jurassic, Qiktim Formation. Valvata umbilicata Servain, Valvata umbilicata Westerlund, Original source: Upper Jurassic, Middle Kimmeridgian. Csinger valley near Ajka in Bakony, Hungary. Kerasia, Island of Euboea, Greece. Mencshely, Lake Balaton, Hungary. Valvata virens Tryon, Original source: Upper Miocene, Pannonian Slavonian. Valvata perdepressa walkeri Baker, Original source: Pliocene — Pleistocene, Idaho Formation.

Middle Miocene — Sarmatian. Valvata winnebagoensis Baker, West Runton, Norfolk, England. Zhejiang, southern Anhui, China. Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, North—west China. Currently regarded Paleobiology Database as a neotaenioglossan species. Upper Jurassic, Penglaizhen formation.

Lower Cretaceous — Xiazhuang Formation. Shichang-Zhonglou Basin in North China. Remarks If authors were originally written in Cyril lettering or Chinese wording I either use the Latin version found in the original paper or sometime several the Latin version s found in the later literature citing that paper. Final remarks Despite much time and effort and the truly substantial input by all the reviewers , the present contribution is neither complete nor entirely free of errors. The Nautilus 63 2: Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Elsass-Lothringen 2 3 , R.

Freshwater and land species]. Vestnik Zoologii , Supplement 8: Vestnik Zoologii 2: The Nautilus 65 2: London, by the Trusties, 69 pp. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 18 1—3: Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen A Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien 96A: Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 83 5: Annales historico-naturalis Musei nationalis hungarici , new series 6 Mittler, Sohn, Berlin, 85 pp.

New data on the fauna of Baikal. Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan: Bullettin of Zoological Nomenclature Journal of Conchology 37 6: A faunistic, distributional and ecological synthesis of the world fauna inhabiting subterreanean waters including the marine interstitial.

Studer and Valvata studeri n. Brenske in Griechenland und auf den Jonischen Inseln gesammelten Binnenmollusken. Didactic small forms, such as the fable and the exemplum, provide lessons in morality and everyday wisdom for a wider audience and readership by elevating stories — which in the case of the exemplum are historically authentic — to the schoolmasters of life. If we examine more closely the related epistemology of the exemplary, the interrelation between example and rule, individual case and claim to generality, proves to be neither consistent nor trivial.

This explains the prominence of these topical short narratives in rhetoric instruction itself, where for over centuries they have delivered classic examples for the practice of techniques of persuasion. Out of this practice, de facto continuities can develop which defy the rules. Precisely the fable reveals that the old narrative materials developed inertia while the teachings they were supposed to confirm were continually replaced. The extent to which rhetoric has remained a basis for the production of knowledge in Europe — through the training of eloquentia , but also by guiding micro-procedures in the economy of ideas — is probably still underestimated.

As recent studies in the history of science have shown, the practice of excerpting followed the guidelines of a technique communicated through manuals even after the seventeenth century. Yet in literary studies there is a tendency to glean in the rapidly growing aphoristic short prose since the sixteenth century a critical distancing to the precepts of rhetorical worlds of note-taking.

It is also worth exploring the operations of searching, designing, and inventing that organize them and couple them with excerption and rituals of observation. The historically changing practices of annotation — out of which glosses and footnotes emerge, and with which the genesis of the essay is connected — provide just as fruitful material as protocols, tables, and formulas that supply the necessary paper technology for the habitualization of modes of perception and styles of thought; or questionnaires and interviews that help generate empirical survey knowledge.

Moreover, we have to include recipes that tie together experiential knowledge and at the same time invite one to experiment for oneself. The preparation of facts in the late seventeenth century, in the course of a shift in scientific curiosity from the miraculous and monstrous to the inconspicuous and usual, is connected with a pronounced rhetoric of the avoidance of rhetoric.

It is in the elicitation of such potential that the ratio of sketches and notes resides that oscillate between hunch and observation, mind game and nomothetic statement, factography and epigrammatics, and in the diversity of their small forms participate in the pluralization of norms that ground rationalities of research.

Exemplary Fields of Praxis. Praxeology of the Humanities, Human and Social Sciences. While research of this type is already quite differentiated within the field of the natural sciences and the humanities — for instance, with regard to operations of taking notes or the diverse types of case studies — comparable studies on the humanities and social sciences are only just beginning. If, moreover, the hypothesis is correct that the seminar can be regarded as a laboratory of philology, even more than the library and study room, we cannot ignore academic formats of instruction, exercises, and examination.

That pertains to the changing standards of lecturing as well as those for types of exams, homework, and presentations. Didactics of Language and Literature Instruction. Similar questions arise, with different emphasis, for the communication of knowledge in schools: What was common practice in antiquity later developed into a trump card of pedagogical reformists. We can see this in the successful canonization of authors like Herodotus, who had been received as a chronicler of the Persian Wars, before Prussian high school teachers discovered him as a talented narrator of easy anecdotes.

Under inverted headings the career of the short story in the twentieth century is also instructive, since here in Germany, in contrast to the Anglo-Saxon world, it was synonymous with the arte povera of postwar literature and in this way was said to simplify the difficult confrontation with fascism, world war, and the Holocaust. The perspective has to be enlarged, however, to the small text types used to train basic skills of narration and argumentation. Their diversity increased in the eighteenth century with novelties such as the school essay, which could come into its own thanks to the blackboard: Great value has meanwhile been placed on presentation techniques like posters or power-point slides.

Die literarische Gattung Novelle. Theorien und Beispieltexte Schaffelhofer, Flor

Since teaching methodologies are becoming more empirical, an analysis in terms of the epistemic history of such developments could be a way to continue the dialogue with current research in literary and cultural studies. Popularization of Knowledge and Science. Small forms can minimize the hurdles to access and disseminate specialized knowledge as common property. This explains the popularity, in the nineteenth century, of tableaus that adapted aesthetics of genre painting to short prose. At the moment there is a boom of variations that combine little ritual tests with athletic completion.

Within this framework, the principle of prodesse aut delectare can still legitimate forms of the short performance such as the science-slam in which presenters — mostly aspiring young scholars — prove their competency and quality as entertainers under strict time constraints. With a stroke of luck, this can give rise to meteoric careers that were impossible in the university with its epic qualifying period but thanks to YouTube have become reality: Also to be considered are upheavals in media history that accompany the proliferation of analog, electronic, and digital media technologies, and finally the historical social and educational conditions of access to institutions of learning and instructional media.

A second main area of research for the research training group is tied to the practices and media of collection through which small forms are administered, safeguarded, and prepared for historical transmission. The smaller the form — according to our hypothesis — the less does it tolerate the singular and all the more is it reliant in its economy upon the ecology of collections and storage in large formats. Therefore, we need to study the medial, material, genre, and editorial contexts in which such forms are stockpiled, passed down, and rearranged, but also themselves become enzymes for generic evolutions.

The research questions are the following:. In the interest of the greatest possible synergy among the projects, dissertations in this area should be focused, on the one hand, on the rationalities of ordering procedures that are fundamental to the praxis of compilation and edition. On the other hand, they could also study selected collections that situate small forms in paradigmatic work complexes and in this way legitimate, canonize, and privilege them. That gives priority to the following aspects. Small Forms as Objects of a Collection I: Functions of Storing and Ordering.

Accumulating a Wealth of Knowledge. Archives, libraries and cabinets of curiosities have in recent years increasingly become more an area of interest for researchers, and studies have shown in detail how storage technologies from the filing cabinet to registries, filing systems and notecard boxes, to digital copies and electronic databases at the same time participate in the re production of knowledge and in the stimulation of literary creativity.

The research training group can build on this research. Posing a particular challenge are the early-modern thesauri, analecta, commonplace books, and Aeraria poetica, which literary studies had avoided for some time but is now paying more attention to. Typologically, these commonplaces occupy the middle between narrowly defined generic forms of compilation literature on the one hand and the cross-section of collections of extracts on the other hand, in which the most disparate pieces are combined according to the principle of entertaining variety: Because the enormous range of this mixed literature is only beginning to be studied — also in its continuity with medieval manuscript collections and with current thesauri on the internet — the research training group can contribute in a large degree to the indexing of these materials.

We would have to distinguish such forms that already enter into collections as small independent genres — proverbs, maxims, riddles, legal formulas, legends — from others that only arise through abbreviations, isolation, and selectively being cited in the first place: Differentiating Types of Knowledge. Furthermore, we seek to study how these corpora of collections contribute to a differentiation of types of knowledge — according to lore, rules of thumb, formulae for success, canonical, heretical, or esoteric knowledge, open and intimate secrets.

This depends on the extent to which such knowledge shall be kept private or made public. Collections of anecdotes, for instance, feed on the fact that they spread stories which historians consider too thorny or invalid. On the other hand, since the time of humanism, commentaries have led to the proliferation of marginalia of other types — in the form of paralipomena, excursus, quaestiones — in which individual truisms can provide hooks for an eclectic mix of interesting things to know of the most diverse provenance.

Enabling the Acquisition of Knowledge. Because such compilations are in both competition and alliance with encyclopedias and novels, as well as with newspapers and journals — as indicated by the polyvalence of the concept of the magazine, which originally designated a storage room — we also have to clarify in which ways such compilations serve not only the selective interest of their authors and editors but also those of their readerships.

This pertains, on the one hand, to the habits of selection, reading and not-reading that is attended to by the text economy and material design of compilations and magazines typography, image-text relations, layout, paper and book formats and have only recently come into the focus of a conceptual history of media use. Among compilations, corpora which have acquired a reference function through their construction, their inclusions and exclusions, enjoy a special status.

They have become constitutive for the maintenance of professions and arts as well as for the nurturing of disciplines. Without the Torah, the Bible, and the Koran there would be no theologies, without law codes no law, without compilations of examples no casuistry, without magazines of case studies or compilations of fairy tales, legends, and myths no experiential psychology and criminology, no ethnology, anthropology and psychoanalysis. Recipe collections can lay claim to an analogous status fur instruction in the arts — for example, of cooking or medication, but also of speaking and creative writing — which put locally guarded practical knowledge into a nutshell of measurements and formulas, rules and to-do lists, in order to facilitate its controlled dissemination.

Such interventions also ensure that the collections are addressed either as closed and hence complete corpora or as open aggregates inviting continual accumulation. Selection, arrangement, and sequencing can, for their part, borrow from the model of other historical or contemporary collections and either produce or sunder links to tradition. We therefore need to inquire into the editorial and compositional principles of such reference works, into the formal paradigms for short prose that are thereby produced, and finally into their claims to authority and the ways in which they steer reception.

Small forms acquire another significance in the context of collections that account for life works, undertake character studies, or keep records of the development of subjects. Worthy of study in this context are individual analyses of editorial projects that bring together written work by individuals under the guidance of a calculated politics of the work. The nineteenth century saw an enormous spread of the assortment of collected works, headed by the complete editions of individual authors.

Another possible way to bring together the scattered materials — in the sense of scattered, smaller publications — available to authors is through narrative inclusion in prose works of a second order. We find this taking place in novella collections in the style of the Decameron that in the nineteenth century frequently arise through the secondary usage of narratives, now inserted into framework narratives that retrospectively motivate their being narrated, namely through conversation games.

Yet such constructions remain fragile and do not fully incorporate the disparateness of the short stories in the master narrative. Approaches such as microstoria become then an expression of epistemological scruples: The pendant to this in new historicism is the programmatic recourse to anecdotes; in the social historiography of literature — which thereby also announces a need for scholarly reform — it is the renunciation of individual monographs by solitary specialists in favor of edited volumes with shared authorship.

Series — Albums — Networks. To be contrasted with such compilations are the principles of serial linkage that are especially formative for popular media and epistemic cultures. Albums also enjoy a similar popularity. As books in the conjunctive, they provide leeway for provisional and reversible combinations of small forms and images that do not necessarily have to give rise to a work. With their order of return, they stimulate such albums in miniature that the World Wide Web implements on a large scale by enabling on an elaborate technological basis infinite combinational possibilities of posts.

We have to consider that small forms are thereby buoyed up with not only productive but also destructive consequences. The cultivation of ignorance — precisely in the age of the knowledge-based society — is also a part of the history of knowledge of such forms. This also raises questions about possibilities for protecting communication spheres within the online world.

The following research questions shall guide our collaboration:. The dissertation projects being pursued here inevitably build a continuity with the research of the focal points discussed above, but they shift the thematic focus to the time-sensitive potential of small forms and consider their evolution within the contexts of use in which media innovations arise. Differentiating Layers of Time. With modernity, according to a widely held scholarly assumption, a vigorous proliferation of small forms ensues, in which the current and the ephemeral reign.

Small forms are considered great beneficiaries, witnesses and trendsetters of a modernity among whose signatures acceleration is one — not the least because the press, photography, phonography, telephone, radio, television, and digital media increase the desire for immediacy. At the same time, this promotes an intensive reflection, predominant in philosophy, over the concept of prose, leading to new semantic determinations of the term.

If before the term is still shaped by rhetoric — and in this context synonymous with the oratio soluta, i. These diagnoses provide provisional interpretative patterns using the wide-angle of philosophical history.

Forschungsidee

Elevated to the epitome of modern relations, prose is either considered the flipside of a loss of stable orders or the result of historical processes of increased complexity that are explained by advances in rationalization, technicization, and scientification. For they do not allow us to account for non-synchronicities within the periods in question and continuities above and beyond epochal breaks. With a view to the empirical plenitude of modern short prose, we shall thus investigate what knowledge of their times these diverse forms transport insofar as they make their mark as being up to date, as avant-garde, anachronistic, or timeless.

It is in these ways that they showcase their affinity or distance to the given standards of being current that are set by the publication frequency and transmission speed of the media of dissemination in which they appear. The boom in the many new small forms was set into motion in the fifteenth century by the printing press, which brought calendars and pamphlets en masse to the people in order to circulate and illustrate matters of seasonal relevance or daily news.

Advancing to the epitome of small forms, however, were specifically those varieties of short prose that have been cultivated in newspapers and journals since the late eighteenth century. In previous studies of the short prose of the metropolis, the pragmatics of the feuilleton miniature are for the most part inadequately discussed alongside its aesthetics. Such studies are primarily concerned with essays and thought images whose philosophical density stands out among the multitude of impressionistic sketches.

This has exacerbated their devaluation as a second-rate, mass-produced commodity. Research on feuilletons has yet to explore, in a comparative manner and beyond the profiles of individual authors, just how diverse the small forms are which are devoted to a physiognomy of the zeitgeist. Moreover, we have to investigate how such text forms are re-cultivated in the internet and in e-books.

Then we have to clarify how old text types letter, travel report, legend, commentary, review are cited, modified, and repurposed in the interest of being up to date. What media historians have described as remediation — as translation and integration of one medium into another — can be applied analogously to the formal processes of genre. Taking Note of News.

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