Stauròs la rivelazione (Italian Edition)

Review Book Online Stauròs La Rivelazione Italian Edition Djvu

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Beta-lactam antibiotics are the most commonly used antibacterial drugs. However, many bacteria have developed resistance to these antibiotics, and the most common form of resistance is the production of beta-lactamase enzymes. Many members of the Enterobacteriaceae family produce different types of these enzymes.

The aim of this study was to perform phenotypic detection of production and identification of beta-lactamase type in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from different clinical specimens from patients hospitalized in the Clinical Center of Serbia. The strains of Enterobacteriaceae were collected between November and January in the laboratory of the Clinical Center of Serbia. The isolates were identified according to the standard microbiology procedures and confirmed by the Vitek2 automated system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method, and the phenotypic detection of production and identification of betalactamases was performed according to previously described methodologies.

In this study, a total of Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated. Carbapenemases were predominantly detected in K. Enterobacteriaceae produce different types of betalactamases, and the most common type in our study was ESBLs. Production of carbapenemases detected in Enterobacteriaceae is also an associated problem.

Among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from 4 hospitals in Yunnan province, were identified as carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae CPE. Design of an Enterobacteriaceae Pan-genome Microarray Chip. Probes for the microarray were checked in silico and performance of the chip, based on experimental strains from four different genera, demonstrate a relatively high ability Additionally, the microarray performed well when investigating which genes were found in a given strain of interest.

The Enterobacteriaceae pan-genome microarray, based on genomes, provides a valuable tool for determination Beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae infections in children. Multi-drug resistance in Gram negative bacteria, particularly in Enterobacteriaceae , is a major clinical and public health challenge.

The main mechanism of resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is linked to the production of beta-lactamase hydrolysing enzymes such as extended spectrum beta-lactamases ESBL , AmpC beta-lactamases and carbapenemases Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae CPE. ESBL and CPE resistance genes are located on plasmids, which can be transmitted between Enterobacteriaceae , facilitating their spread in hospitals and communities. These plasmids usually harbour multiple additional co-resistance genes, including to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones, making these infections challenging to treat.

Asymptomatic carriage in healthy children as well as community acquired infections are increasingly reported, particularly with ESBL. Therapeutic options are limited and previously little used antimicrobials such as fosfomycin and colistin have been re-introduced in clinical practice. Paediatric experience with these agents is limited hence there is a need to further examine their clinical efficacy, dosage and toxicity in children.

Antimicrobial stewardship along with strict infection prevention and control practices need to be adopted widely in order to preserve currently available antimicrobials. The future development of novel agents effective against beta-lactamases producers and their applicability in children is urgently needed to address the challenge of multi-resistant Gram negative infections. International data on the molecular epidemiology of Enterobacteriaceae with IMP carbapenemases are lacking. We performed short-read Illumina whole-genome sequencing on a global collection of 38 IMP-producing clinical Enterobacteriaceae to IMP-producing Enterobacteriaceae 7 varieties within 11 class 1 integrons were mainly present in the South Pacific and Asia.

This study highlights the importance of surveillance programs using the latest molecular techniques for providing insight into the characteristics and global distribution of Enterobacteriaceae with bla IMP genes. In this work an "in house" rapid test based on the change in pH that is due to hydrolysis for detecting Enterobacteriaceae susceptible to cefotaxime is evaluated.

The strains of Enterobacteriaceae from urine cultures were assessed using MicroScan panels and the "in house" test. This rapid test includes red phenol solution and cefotaxime. The "in house" test offers the following values: The "in house" test based on the change of pH is useful in our area for detecting presumptively cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains. Genomic epidemiology of global VIM-producing Enterobacteriaceae. International data on the molecular epidemiology of Enterobacteriaceae with VIM carbapenemases are limited. VIM-producing 11 varieties within 21 different integrons isolates were mostly obtained from Europe.

Certain integrons with bla VIM were specific to a country in different species and clonal complexes CCs In 87 , In , In and In , while others had spread globally among various Enterobacteriaceae species In and In Enterobacter cloacae complex was the second most common species and mainly consisted of Enterobacter hormaechei Enterobacter xiangfangensis , subsp.

This study highlights the importance of surveillance programmes using the latest molecular techniques in providing insight into the characteristics and global distribution of Enterobacteriaceae with bla VIM s. For Permissions, please email: Bacterial resistance to biocides used as antiseptics, dyes, and disinfectants is a growing concern in food preparation, agricultural, consumer manufacturing, and health care industries, particularly among Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae , some of the most common community and healthcare-acquired bacterial pathogens.

Biocide resistance is frequently associated with antimicrobial cross-resistance leading to reduced activity and efficacy of both antimicrobials and antiseptics.

Multidrug resistant efflux pumps represent an important biocide resistance mechanism in Enterobacteriaceae. An assortment of structurally diverse efflux pumps frequently co-exist in these species and confer both unique and overlapping biocide and antimicrobial selectivity.

TolC-dependent multicomponent systems that span both the plasma and outer membranes have been shown to confer clinically significant resistance to most antimicrobials including many biocides, however, a growing number of single component TolC-independent multidrug resistant efflux pumps are specifically associated with biocide resistance: These efflux systems are a growing concern as they are rapidly spread between members of Enterobacteriaceae on conjugative plasmids and mobile genetic elements, emphasizing their importance to antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we will summarize the known biocide substrates of these efflux pumps, compare their structural relatedness, Enterobacteriaceae distribution, and significance.

Knowledge gaps will be highlighted in an effort to unravel the role that these apparent "lone wolves" of the efflux-mediated resistome may offer. Invasive carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection at a There are no paediatric reports of invasive infection caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae CRE from Africa.

International Advisory Committee

To document a series of cases of CRE infections at a tertiary children's hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, describing the clinical and microbiological findings in these Population dynamics of toxic phytoplankton and bacterial flora in the waters of the low Adriatic sea; Dinamica di popolazione di fitoplancton tossico e flora batterica nel basso Adriatico. The coastal areas of the Southern Adriatic Sea, in particular the Apulian ones, may be considered an example of intact ecosystem and represent an ideal term of comparison to other marine ecosystems having higher levels of pollution Northern Adriatic Sea.

In order to evaluate the sanitary levels of this environment, four transect were investigated during two years monitoring April March along the Otranto Channel coasts, by joint research groups of the Environmental Hygiene Laboratory of the Istituto Superiore di Sanita' and the Istituto Sperimentale Talassografico A. Cerruti of CNR in Taranto. The study underlines the phytoplanktic and bacterial population dynamics, and the detection of the microbiological water quality along the coast tract Brindisi-Lecce-Otranto-S.

The results acquired pointed out population dynamics of some potantially toxic species of Dinophysis genus and Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima. The bacterial community was mainly constituted by genera Aeromonas, Photobacterium, Cytophaga and Pseudomonas. Also the presence of Enterobacteriaceae family was relevant. Among the pathogenic vibrios the most frequently isolated species were Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. Cerruti del CNR di Taranto, ai fini di valutare lo stato di salute di questo ambiente, che fornisce, con buona probabilita', un.

Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae on the dorsum of the human tongue. The aim of this study was to correlate the presence of Enterobacteriaceae , Pseudomonadaceae, Moraxellaceae and Xanthomonadaceae on the posterior dorsum of the human tongue with the presence of tongue coating, gender, age, smoking habit and denture use. A higher prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae was observed on the tongue dorsum of the individuals evaluated.

There was no correlation between these species and the presence and thickness of tongue coating, gender and presence of dentures. The rapid spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Carbapenems, our one-time silver bullet for multidrug resistant bacterial infections, are now threatened by widespread dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae CRE. Successful expansion of Enterobacteriaceae clonal groups and frequent horizontal gene transfer of carbapenemase expressing plasmids are causing increasing carbapenem resistance.

Recent advances in genetic and phenotypic detection facilitate global surveillance of CRE diversity and prevalence. In particular, whole genome sequencing enabled efficient tracking, annotation, and study of genetic elements colocalized with carbapenemase genes on chromosomes and on plasmids. Improved characterization helps detail the co-occurrence of other antibiotic resistance genes in CRE isolates and helps identify pan-drug resistance mechanisms.

To halt increasing CRE-associated morbidity and mortality, we must continue quality, cooperative monitoring and urgently investigate novel treatments. In tale contesto interdisciplinare molto spesso il ruolo di ingegneri ed architetti, che si occupano di indagare le matrici geometriche alla base della progettazione di tali spazi, viene relegato ad un ruolo accessorio rispetto a quello dei conservatori, che materialmente si occupano delle pratiche di manutenzione e di restauro.

Clinical laboratory evaluation of the Auto-Microbic system for rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae. To judge the accuracy of the AutoMicrobic system's identification in a hospital laboratory, Enterobacteriaceae isolates were studied. The AutoMicrobic system provided the correct identification for of the isola Lezioni di analisi matematica. Antibiotic susceptibility of enterobacteriaceae species isolated from mastitic milk in Algeria. We conclude that Enterobacteriaceae species from bovine milk presented significantly distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles, evaluated by phenotypic test, which has implications for treatment and management decisions.

Environmental radioactivity networks in Italy, ; Reti nazionali di sorveglianza della radioattivita' ambientale in Italia: This report contains the environmental radioactivity data collected in Italy from to by the National Environmental Radioactivity Networks of Italy.

The National Environmental Protection Agency ANPA is law-fully responsible for publishing the environmental and dietary contamination data, provided by the organisations participating to the National Environmental Radioactivity Networks. The complete list of the participants is reported at the end of the present document. The National Environmental Radioactivity Networks of Italy are aimed at survey of the pattern of environmental and dietary contamination in order to assess the radiation doses which the Italian population may receive.

The sampling networks have been designed on regional basis, to provide information on the average extent of environmental and dietary contamination. The sampling programmes are planned to obtain representative samples able to reveal the average situation both in time and space. To guarantee that the laboratories of the organisations participating to the National Environmental Radioactivity Networks, perform measurements with a certain degree of accuracy and maintain the quality of their systems, the National Environmental Protection Agency organises yearly an intercalibration programme of the analytical methods used for measuring radioactivity in food and environmental samples.

Routine tests with transfer standards are used for accurate calibration, so that the results can be traceable to a common reference point. Obiettivo principale delle Reti Nazionali e' il rilevamento dell'andamento della radioattivita' ambientale sul territorio nazionale, al. Bacteriophages of Soft Rot Enterobacteriaceae -a minireview. Soft rot Enterobacteriaceae Pectobacterium spp.

Despite the fact that these bacteria have been studied for more than 50 years, little is known of their corresponding predators: The aim of this minireview is to critically summarize recent ecological, biological and molecular research on bacteriophages infecting Pectobacterium spp. For permissions, please e-mail: Treatment of infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Treatment of infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae CPE is currently one of the most important challenges of infectious diseases.

The available information is based on in vitro studies, some animal model data and a few case studies and retrospective cohorts; appropriate data are lacking or are very scarce for some old antibiotics that are still occasionally used. Because of the heterogeneity in clinical situations, in specific carbapenemases and in the susceptibility of isolates, individualized treatment decisions must usually be made. Here we review the different antibiotics that might be useful for treating infections caused by CPE. The majority of the bacteria contained extrachromosomal DNAs of various densities.

The investigation illustrates the extensive variability in the physical characteristics of plasmid DNA from R factor-harboring strains Factors associated with acquisition of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The study sample consisted of patients with biological specimens that tested positive for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae cases, with the disk diffusion test and Etest, and controls with biological samples testing negative for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. In all, 65 patients were included: In the multivariable logistic regression model, both were still significant, with odds ratios of 0.

Rapid evolution and spread of carbapenemases among Enterobacteriaceae in Europe.

Plasmid-acquired carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae , which were first discovered in Europe in the s, are now increasingly being identified at an alarming rate. Their prevalence in Europe as reported in varies significantly from high Greece and Italy to low Nordic countries. Carbapenemase producers are mainly identified among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, and still mostly in hospital settings and rarely in the community. Although important nosocomial outbreaks with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been extensively reported, many new cases are still related to importation from a foreign country.

Decontamination and survival of Enterobacteriaceae on shredded iceberg lettuce during storage. Enterobacteriaceae family can contaminate fresh produce at any stage of production either at pre-harvest or post-harvest stages. The D 10 -value of Enterobacteriaceae on shredded iceberg lettuce was 0.

The reduction of Enterobacteriaceae populations on iceberg after gamma radiation 0. Development of quantitative real-time PCR for detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae. The family Enterobacteriaceae , members of which are widely distributed in the environment, includes many important human pathogens. In this study, a rapid real-time PCR method targeting rplP, coding for L16 protein, a component of the ribosome large subunit, was developed for enumerating Enterobacteriaceae strains, and its efficiency was evaluated using naturally contaminated food products.

A Enterobacteriaceae species in foods rapidly and accurately, and therefore, it can be used for the microbiological risk analysis of foods. Lezioni di fisica teorica. Obiettivo principale delle Reti Nazionali e' il rilevamento dell'andamento della radioattivita. Storie di genere, storie di partito. Full Text Available Lo studio delle narrazioni di genere all'interno di questo tipo di organizzazione desta inoltre un particolare interesse anche in ragione della sottorappresentazione delle donne nella sfera della politica. Sulla base di tale vuoto di ricerca e riflessione, il presente articolo si propone di mettere in luce le pratiche e le culture di genere che emergono dai racconti di uomini e donne all'interno di due organizzazioni partitiche, una di destra e una di sinistra, situate nel contesto territoriale della provincia di Trento.

Probability distribution of atmospheric pollutants: Bellasio, R [Enviroware s. Particular attention was given in choosing the method for the determination of the log-normal distribution parameters among four possible methods: In order to evaluate the goodness of fit a ranking procedure was carried out over the values of four indices: The capability of the log-normal distribution to fit the measured data is then discussed as a function of the pollutant and of the monitoring station.

Finally an example of application is given: Per valutare i risultati ottenuti si usano: Fondamenti di fisica dei plasmi. Introduzione ; collisioni del plasma ; equazioni cinetiche per particelle cariche ; plasmi in equilibrio termodinamico ; funzione di distribuzione di particelle cariche in un campo elettrico ; equazioni dei momenti della funzione di distribuzione ; processi di trasporto nel plasma in assenza di campi magnetici ; moto di particelle cariche nel plasma in presenza di campi magnetici ; processi di trasporto in campo magnetico ; confinamento del plasma mediante campi magnetici.

Does appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy modify intensive care unit-acquired Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia mortality and discharge? Conflicting results have been found regarding outcomes of intensive care unit ICU -acquired Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia and the potentially modifying effect of appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy.

To evaluate these associations while adjusting for potential time-varying. Reports of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Africa remain rare and assess mostly bla OXA -producing isolates from Mediterranean countries and South Africa. The isolates contained bla NDM-7 IncX3 plasmids that were unusual and similar to the one described in a colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae SZ04 isolate from China. Full Text Available Background: Antibiotic resistance among bacteria is a worldwide problem. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of environmental Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Karun River in Iran.

A total of water samples were collected from nine stations along Karun River in Iran, during spring and summer of In this research, different waterborne bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified using the membrane filtration technique and analytical profile index system for Enterobacteriaceae API 20E. Enterobacteriaceae genera were tested against sixteen antibiotics: The results of this study suggested that the level of fecal contamination in Karun water was very high.

They failed to exhibit resistance to norfloxacin and ofloxacin. Other antibiotics showed intermediate activity, and some isolates were resistant. Detection of fecal indicator bacteria E. Antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from different animals gastrointestinal tracts. We isolated Enterobacteriaceae from chicken, ducks, lambs, pigs, sheeps, cows and rabbits collected from slovakian farms.

Pure cultures of Enterobacteriaceae strains were obtained by four-way streak method on Chromogenic coliform agar. We determined the most resistance in Enterobacteriaceae strains against streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, piperecillin, levofloxacine, chloramphenicol and smaller level of resistance against amikacin, ceftriaxone and ofloxacine. Equally we detected resistance to more antibiotics in one strain.

The most resistance was Salmonella enterica ser. Antibiotic resistance was found in other isolated strains too. Antibiotic sensitivity of Enterobacteriaceae at a tertiary care center in India. Full Text Available Aims and Objectives: It has been observed that various microorganisms are acquiring resistance to most of the available potent antibiotics; hence, there is a need for every hospital to follow the use of antibiotics according to antibiotic sensitivity pattern in that particular hospital or geographical area.

It has been reported that Enterobacteriaceae group of microorganisms are increasingly acquiring resistance to many antibiotics and this resistance varies geographically. As there is a short of recent data with respect to Indian hospital, this particular study was designed with the aim of establishing sensitivity pattern of Enterobacteriaceae group of microorganisms to various antibiotics. Data of antibiotic sensitivity from December to April of different Enterobacteriaceae was taken from the Department of Microbiology, Govt.

Sensitivity of different Enterobacteriaceae was shown as using descriptive statistics. Sensitivity to aztreonam was Sensitivity to carbapenem group of drugs included in this study, i. Highest sensitivity was shown for ceftazidime Sensitivity of Enterobacteriaceae group of microorganisms to known antibiotics is decreasing. Decreased sensitivity to carbapenem group of antibiotics is a matter of concern. Lettuce cultivars are not only amongst the most popular vegetables eaten raw, they are also involved in severe pathogen outbreaks world-wide. While outbreaks caused by Enterobacteriaceae species are well-studied, less is known about their occurrence in natural environments as well as the impact of biotic stress.

Here, we studied the ecology of the human health-relevant bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae and assessed the impact of biotic disturbances by a soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus and Gastropoda on their structure and abundance in mesocosm and pot experiments. Using a polyphasic approach including network analyses of 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries, quantitative PCR and complementary fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH microscopy we found substantial yet divergent Enterobacteriaceae communities.

A similar spectrum of 14 genera was identified from rhizo- and phyllospheres but the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was on average 3fold higher in phyllosphere samples. Both stress factors shifted the bacterial community of the leaf habitat, characterized by increases of species abundance and diversity. For the rhizosphere, we observed significant structural shifts of Enterobacteriaceae communities but also a high degree of resilience. These results could be confirmed by FISH microscopy but it was difficult to visualize phyllosphere communities.

Additional inoculation experiments with Escherichia coli as model revealed their presence below the wax layer as well as in the endosphere of leaves. The observed presence influenced by stress factors and the endophytic life style of Enterobacteriaceae on lettuce can be an important aspect in relation to human health. Biotic stress shifted structure and abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in the lettuce microbiome. Full Text Available Lettuce cultivars are not only amongst the most popular vegetables eaten raw, they are also involved in severe pathogen outbreaks world-wide.

Enterobacteriaceae infection — diagnosis, antibiotic resistance and prevention. According to the WHO there are 4. This makes intestinal infections third in terms of human disease mortality. Due to rising drug resistance we discuss the importance of better pathogen detection, vaccine design and the use of vaccines as a preventive measure against intestinal infections. Special attention is paid to OMP38, a protein isolated from [i]S. Since it is known that this protein has good immunogenic properties, it can be used as an antigen or carrier for conjugate vaccines.

Trends in carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae , France, to In , a total of 2, Enterobacteriaceae isolates with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems were received at the French Associated National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance NRC and were characterised for their molecular resistance mechanism to carbapenems and compared with results obtained during and The overall number of enterobacterial isolates with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems received at the NRC rapidly increased more than twofold in two years with a growing proportion of carbapenemase producers We identified a potential spread of OXA producers in the tropical region of Africa.

The number of carbapenemase-producing Escherischia coli isolates was multiplied by fivefold between and , suggesting a possible dissemination in the community. Retrieval of Enterobacteriaceae drug targets using singular value decomposition. The identification of potential drug target proteins in bacteria is important in pharmaceutical research for the development of new antibiotics to combat bacterial agents that cause diseases. A new model that combines the singular value decomposition SVD technique with biological filters composed of a set of protein properties associated with bacterial drug targets and similarity to protein-coding essential genes of Escherichia coli strain K12 has been created to predict potential antibiotic drug targets in the Enterobacteriaceae family.

This model identified 99 potential drug target proteins in the studied family, which exhibit eight different functions and are protein-coding essential genes or similar to protein-coding essential genes of E. Proteins from bacteria with described drug resistance were found among the retrieved candidates. These candidates have no similarity to the human proteome, therefore exhibiting the advantage of causing no adverse effects or at least no known adverse effects on humans. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Published by Oxford University Press. For Permissions, please e-mail: Lezioni di Cosmologia Teorica. Contiene gli elementi di base della cosmologia relativistica, del modello cosmologico standard e del suo completamento inflazionario. E' organizzato per servire da traccia ad un corso di cosmologia di stampo teorico, ma cerca di non perdere mai di vista il confronto con i principali risultati osservativi: Non mancano infine alcuni accenni ad argomenti di inter Comparison of two DNA microarrays for detection of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and non- Enterobacteriaceae.

A DNA microarray was developed to detect plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance AR and virulence factor VF genes in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and non- Enterobacteriaceae. The array was validated with the following bacterial species: Genes conferring resistance to each antibiotic class were identified by the DNA array. The phylogenetic group of each E.

These data demonstrate that it is possible to screen simultaneously for all important classes of mobile AR and VF genes in Enterobacteriaceae and non- Enterobacteriaceae whilst also assigning a correct phylogenetic group to E. Therefore, it is feasible to test clinical Gram-negative bacteria for all known AR genes and to provide important information regarding pathogenicity simultaneously. Sintesi stereoselettiva di piridilammine. Tra i possibili approcci alla sintesi di questi composti noi abbiamo investigato la riduzione diastereoselettiva di N-sostituite p-totil e tert-butil piridil chetimmine con una serie di agenti riducenti NaBH4, L-Selectride, DIBAL, 9-BBN in diverse condizioni di reazione.

Principi di marketing propone un quadro dei processi di gestione del marketing relativamente innovativo, ispirato a un modello rigoroso e semplice al tempo stesso: Phenotypic method for differentiation of carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae: Study from north India. Full Text Available Aims: Resistance to carbapenems is mostly due to production of enzymes - Carbapenemases, which are divided into Ambler Classes A, B and D. Phenotypic detection and differentiation of types of Carbapenemases in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae CRE is important for proper infection control and appropriate patient management.

Total of strains of Enterobacteriaceae were included in the study. Out of these strains, 26 strains were resistant to carbapenems. The prevalence of CRE in our Institute is 7. The prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae strains producing MBL type carbapenemase in our health care setup is 5. None of the strains among the carbapenem-resistant bacterial isolates showed production of KPC enzyme.

The need of the hour is simple, rapid and cost effective tests which will be able to identify and distinguish resistant pathogens for improved patient outcome, facilitating efficient infection control and reducing the escalation of resistance. The clinical characteristics of 30 patients were described. The genetic relationship of isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis PFGE. Amplicons were sequenced and blasted to determine the genotype. Most infected patients were from intensive care unit and had complex and serious underlying illnesses requiring mechanical ventilation.

The majority of patients had infections with the carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae CPE strain, most were successfully treated with a range of antibiotics and discharged. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion to screen for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains. Rapid identification of these strains and implementation of stringent procedures are the key to prevent major outbreaks in a hospital setting.

Enterobacteriaceae are a group of gram-negative rods that can cause serious infections in humans. A susceptibility in Klebsiella pneumoniae of The average age was 4 years and 15 days. The intermediate susceptibility was 1. This finding could be explained by the fact that this population has not been exposed to this antimicrobial therapy and also the low rates for ESBL in pediatric infections. Qin, Xuan; Oron, Assaf P. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of intestinal carriage with extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in children with index infections with these organisms.

Patients with resistant Escherichia coli or Klebsiella bacteria isolated from the urine or a normally sterile site between January and December were included in this study. Available infection and stool isolates underwent phenotypic and molecular characterization.

Clinical data relevant to the infections were collected and analyzed. Overall, patients were identified with extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant E. There were no significant differences in demographic, clinical, and microbiological variables between those with and those without intestinal carriage. In a multivariable analysis, antibiotic intake in the 91 days prior to subsequent urine culture was significantly associated with subsequent urinary tract infection with a resistant organism hazard ratio, Intestinal carriage and reinfection were most commonly due to bacterial strains of the same sequence type and with the same resistance determinants as the index extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae , but carriage and reinfection with different resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains also occurred.

The Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: The Impact and Evolution of a Global Menace. Infections due to these organisms are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Transmissible carbapenem-resistance in Enterobacteriaceae has been recognized for the last 2 decades, but global dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae CPE is a more recent problem that, once initiated, has been occurring at an alarming pace.

In this article, we discuss the evolution of CRE, with a focus on the epidemiology of the CPE pandemic; review risk factors for colonization and infection with the most common transmissible CPE worldwide, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase—producing K. Enterobacteriaceae meningitis in adults: Enterobacteriaceae are not a frequent cause of meningitis in adults and are seen mainly in neurosurgical patients and on occasion in elderly and debilitated patients. Consequently, most series studied have been small and selected. In order to obtain a clearer clinical picture, we reviewed These high rates may, at least in part, be due to the advanced age and debilitated state of the patients studied.

Escherichia coli was the most frequent of the Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacteriaceae [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive. Lifescience Database Archive English. A longitudinal study was performed to i investigate the continuity of shedding of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase ESBL -producing Enterobacteriaceae in dogs without clinical signs, ii identify dominant plasmid-mediated ESBL genes, and iii quantify ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in.

A collection of Enterobacteriaceae including 79 isolates producing OXA has been tested. Taratura di un 'apparecchiatura per misura di piccole percentuali di uranio in soluzione acida di acqua distillata. Al variaredella diluizione si registra il numero di particelle che il Geiger conta, e quindisi riporta in grafico. Consenso sobre las pruebas de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos en Enterobacteriaceae Consensus for antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Enterobacteriaceae.

Activity of MK combined with imipenem against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We investigated its potential to protect imipenem. Synergy also was seen for Enterobacteriaceae with impermeability-mediated carbapenem resistance, with weaker synergy seen for isolates with the OXA enzyme. On the other hand, MK failed to potentiate imipenem against Enterobacteriaceae with metallo-carbapenemases.

In the case of P. No potentiation was seen for chryseobacteria or for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. It augmented the activity of imipenem against P. The role of international travel in the worldwide spread of multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae. From international tourists to war-displaced refugees, more people are on the move than ever before.

This provides the opportunity for a variety of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to be carried from one geographic location to another. The Enterobacteriaceae are among the most important causes of serious hospital-acquired and community-onset bacterial infections in humans, and resistance to antimicrobial agents in these bacteria has become an increasingly relevant problem.

International travel and tourism are important modes for the acquisition and spread of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae , especially CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli. To combat the spread of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae , the French Healthcare Safety Advisory Committee recently issued national recommendations for screening and contact isolation precautions for patients transferred from, or hospitalized outside, France.

For effective public and patient health interventions, it is important to understand the role of international travel in the spread of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. We urgently need well-designed studies to evaluate the transmission potential and risks for colonization and infections due to multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae in travellers who have recently visited or have been hospitalized in endemic areas.

Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from blood cultures in Africa. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ESBL -producing Enterobacteriaceae have been isolated from many regions of the world. Epidemiological studies are being conducted in Europe, North America, and Asia. No study has however been conducted in Africa to determine the prevalence and distribution of ESBLs on the continent. This literature review aimed at describing the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from blood cultures, as well as the ESBL genes involved at the international level.

Our focus was mainly on Africa. We conducted a literature review on PubMed. Articles related to our study field and published between and were reviewed and entirely read for most of them, while we only focused on the abstracts of some other articles. Relevant articles to our study were then carefully reviewed and included in the review. The results of our literature review however indicate that class A ESBLs prevail over the other types. We took into consideration articles focusing on various types of samples to assess the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae , but information on isolates from blood cultures is limited.

Studies conducted in Africa mainly focused on the Northern and Eastern parts of the continent, while only rare studies were carried out in the rest of the continent. Salting by vacuum brine impregnation in nitrite-free lonza: Full Text Available Lonza is a traditional Italian meat product made from whole pork muscles, which is typically cured by dry salting. In this work, we study the effects of vacuum brine impregnation VBI as an alternative salting method on the survival of Enterobacteriaceae , in presence and in absence of nitrites. In comparison with the traditional brining process, VBI contributed to reducing the Enterobacteriaceae population on product surface but induced contamination of the inner muscle tissues.

Our results suggest that the species isolated became adapted to processing conditions, and salt tolerance was species- or straindependent. This result is of particular importance for future applications of VBI in lonza manufacturing. Lonza is a traditional Italian meat product made from whole pork muscles, which is typically cured by dry salting. Our results suggest that the species isolated became adapted to processing conditions, and salt tolerance was species- or strain-dependent.

Testimonianze di vittime degli anni di piombo. Prevalence and mechanisms of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in clinical and fecal Enterobacteriaceae isolates from dogs in Ontario, Canada. There is little information on the genetic basis of resistance to the critically important extended-spectrum cephalosporins ESCs in Enterobacteriaceae from dogs in Canada.

This study assessed the frequency of ESC resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from dogs in Ontario and the distribution of major ESC resistance genes in these bacteria. A total of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from clinical samples from two diagnostic laboratories in Ontario.

Eighty-eight ESC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli were isolated from fecal samples from dogs collected at leash-free dog parks. These fecal isolates were tested for ESC resistance along with the clinical isolates. The prevalence of ESC resistance in clinical Enterobacteriaceae was The average frequency of fecal carriage of ESC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in healthy dogs was The majority of ESC-resistant isolates were E.

The results show that the same ESC resistance genes can be found in clinical and fecal Enterobacteriaceae in dogs. CTX-M-1 was frequently found in canine fecal Enterobacteriaceae , while it is still rare in human Enterobacteriaceae in Canada, thus suggesting transfer of resistant bacteria to dogs from food animals or other sources.

Published by Elsevier B. Il Cratilo di Platone. Relativamente poco noto al gran pubblico, il premio Nobel Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac appartiene a quel gruppo di uomini di ingegno che nei primi decenni del secolo contribuirono a dare alla nostra concezione del mondo fisico la sua impronta attuale. Assolutamente cruciali, per una valutazione dell'opera di Dirac, sono gli anni compresi tra il e il In many cases, the genes encoding MBLs are part of complex, mobile genetic elements that carry other resistance determinants.

Many infections caused by NDM-producing bacteria are associated with international travel and medical tourism. However, little recognition of the introduction of MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae into the pediatric community has followed. Reports suggest that this occurred as early as Here, we reflect on the unwelcome emergence of MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in US children and the available clinical and molecular data associated with spread.

In the majority of children with available data, a history of foreign travel is absent. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital food: The lack of new antibiotics has prompted investigation of the combination of two existing agents-cefepime, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, and tazobactam-to broaden their efficacy against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ESBL -producing Enterobacteriaceae We determined the pharmacokinetic PK and.

Optimal surveillance strategies for identifying patients colonized with and at risk for transmitting carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae CRE are urgently needed. We also identified risk factors associated with transmitting CRE. Carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae in Europe: The emergence and global spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is of great concern to health services worldwide.

These bacteria are often resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics and frequently co-resistant to most other antibiotics, leaving very few treatment options. Enterobacteriaceae in dehydrated powdered infant formula manufactured in Indonesia and Malaysia. None of the g test portions yielded Salmonella or Shigella.

However, further identification of colonies growing on selective media used for Salmonella and Shigella detection revealed the frequent occurrence of several other Enterobacteriaceae species. Other Enterobacteriaceae isolated included Pantoea spp. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the contamination of dehydrated powdered infant formula from Indonesia with E.

Improper preparation and conservation of these products could result in a health risk for infants in Indonesia. Evolution in quantum leaps: Full Text Available Horizontal gene transfer is a key step in the evolution of Enterobacteriaceae. By acquiring virulence determinants of foreign origin, commensals can evolve into pathogens. In Enterobacteriaceae , horizontal transfer of these virulence determinants is largely dependent on transfer by plasmids, phages, genomic islands GIs and genomic modules GMs.

We demonstrate, for the first time, that combinatorial transfers of GIs and GMs between Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates must have occurred. Furthermore, the excision and circularization of several combinations of the GIs and GMs was demonstrated. Because of its flexibility, the multiple integration site of mobile DNA can be considered an integration hotspot IHS that increases the genomic plasticity of the bacterium.

Multiple combinatorial transfers of diverse combinations of the HPI and other genomic elements among Enterobacteriaceae may accelerate the generation of new pathogenic strains. The global emergence of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins ESCs in intensive care units ICUs is, at least partly, driven by cross-transmission.

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Yet, individual transmission capacities of bacterial species have not been quantified. The transmissibility of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Intensive Care Units. The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria raises concerns about the empiric treatment of patients with sepsis in Yangon.

Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella recovered from non-sanitized and sanitized broiler hatching eggs. Sanitizing hatching eggs may reduce the chances that a flock will become colonized with Salmonella and reduce the numbers of other microorganisms, such as Enterobacteriaceae , that can depress hatchability.

An experiment was conducted to determine if a quaternary-biguanide sanitizer applied as foam Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from indoor air of an urban wastewater treatment plant. Wastewater treatment plants WWTPs have been recognized as sources of bioaerosols that may act as vehicles for dissemination of pathogens and multidrug-resistant MDR bacteria. A possible airborne contamination with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ESBL and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae was also explored. Fourteen of 39 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were MDR. These isolates were found at all sampling sites, mainly at the secondary sedimentation settings.

The highest levels of resistance were detected in three different species: Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter freundii. Furthermore, one of the airborne E. Additionally, five isolates showed non-susceptibility to at least one carbapenem tested. The presence of genes encoding relevant beta-lactamase types in these ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates was investigated by PCR. Carriage of beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among nursing home residents in north Lebanon.

The high prevalence of MDR Enterobacteriaceae detected in this study and the emergence of carbapenem resistance is alarming. Efficient infection control measures and antibiotic stewardship programs are urgently needed in these settings in order to limit the spread of resistant strains. New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1-producing Enterobacteriaceae: Acquired carbapenemases confer extensive antibiotic resistance to Enterobacteriaceae and represent a public health threat.

A novel acquired carbapenemase, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 NDM-1 , has recently been described in the United Kingdom and Sweden, mostly in patients who had received care on the Indian subcontinent. We conducted a survey among 29 European countries the European Union Member States, Iceland and Norway to gather information on the spread of NDMproducing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe, on public health responses and on available national guidance on detection, surveillance and control.

A total of 77 cases were reported from 13 countries from to Among 55 cases with recorded travel history, 31 had previously travelled or been admitted to a hospital in India or Pakistan and five had been hospitalised in the Balkan region. Possible nosocomial acquisition accounted for 13 of 77 cases. In conclusion, NDM-1 is spreading across Europe, where it is frequently linked to a history of healthcare abroad, but also to emerging nosocomial transmission.

National guidance in response to the threat of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is available in approximately half of the surveyed European countries. Surveillance of carbapenemase- producing Enterobacteriaceae must be enhanced in Europe and effective control measures identified and implemented.

Full Text Available Presumptive identification of different Enterobacteriaceae species is routinely achieved based on biochemical properties. Traditional practice includes manual comparison of each biochemical property of the unknown sample with known reference samples and inference of its identity based on the maximum similarity pattern with the known samples. This process is labor-intensive, time-consuming, error-prone, and subjective. Therefore, automation of sorting and similarity in calculation would be advantageous. This tool was designed for automated clustering and identification of Enterobacteriaceae based on biochemical test results.

In this tool, we used two types of algorithms, i. IHC takes into account the variability in result of 1—47 biochemical tests within this Enterobacteriaceae family. This tool also provides different options to optimize the clustering in a user-friendly way. Using computer-generated synthetic data and some real data, we have demonstrated that BioCluster has high accuracy in clustering and identifying enterobacterial species based on biochemical test data.

This tool can be freely downloaded at http: A further prospective evaluation of the faropenem disc susceptibility test was performed using consecutive isolates referred to a United Kingdom reference laboratory in parallel with molecular methods for carbapenemase detection. To evaluate these associations while adjusting for potential time-varying confounding using methods from the causal inference literature. Patients who stayed more than two days in two general ICUs in England between and were included in this cohort study.

Marginal structural models with inverse probability weighting were used to estimate the mortality and discharge associated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia and the impact of appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy on these outcomes. Among ICU admissions, 5. Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia was associated with an increased daily risk of ICU death [cause-specific hazard ratio HR: Furthermore, the daily discharge rate was also lower after acquiring infection, even when adjusting for time-varying confounding using appropriate methodology.

No evidence was found for a beneficial modifying effect of appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy on ICU mortality and discharge. A ten years — surveillance of resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Zhejiang Province, China. Full Text Available Objective: In Zhejiang Province, there are several highly developed cities near the coast and several relatively under-developed mountain areas.

Analysis of the composition of bacteria isolated from patients as well as their antibiotic resistance profile from various areas of this province, and tracing of such data year-by-year, will help to delineate the bacterial resistance profile of these areas and to understand how the stage of socio-economical development impacts on the composition of clinical micro-flora and their resistance profile. In order to investigate variation in resistance rates and isolation rates of Enterobacteriaceae , from to in Zhejiang Province, China, Enterobacteriaceae isolated from 15 hospitals located in different regions of the province were surveyed.

The total numbers of the Enterobacteriaceae isolated increased more than fold from to Among the Enterobacteriaceae , Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the dominant isolates. The percentage of E. The percentages of K. There were remarkable increases in the carbapenem resistant rates during the decade, but they were much higher for the isolates from the developed cities than from the rural areas. In , carbapenem-resistant E. By , carbapenem-resistant bacteria were found for all species of Enterobacteriaceae surveyed in almost all areas of the province, although they were more frequently identified in developed areas than in rural areas.

Much restrictive actions have to be taken in terms of rational use of antibiotics and nosocomial control to prevent the further. Design e valutazione di una esperienza di mobile learning. Full Text Available Analisi dello sviluppo scientifico e tecnologico nel campo di mobile learning, con particolare riferimento ai problemi di progettazione e valutazione nelle esperienze.

In the following, the yields of several fission products obtained during the experiment are presented and discussed. The experimental results are then compared to those obtained using a standard uranium carbide target. The reported data highlights the capability of the new type of SPES target to produce and release isotopes of interest for the nuclear physics community. Conceptual study and experimental test of an upgraded version of the VIS—Versatile ion source.

The versatile ion source is an off-resonance microwave discharge ion source which produces a slightly overdense plasma at 2. Beam stability at high current intensity is one of the most important parameter for the first steps of the ongoing commissioning. Promising results were obtained since the first source start with a 6 mm diameter extraction hole.

In this work, extracted beam current characteristics together with Doppler shift and emittance measurements are presented, as well as the description of the next phases before the installation at ESS in Lund. A first planar pixel batch, which was produced by the end of year , will be described in this paper. First clean room measurement results on planar sensors obtained before and after neutron irradiation will be presented. Design and characterization of a real time particle radiography system based on scintillating optical fibers. The fabrication and characterization of a charged particle imaging system composed of a tracker and a residual range detector RRD is described.

Sixty parallel layers of the same fibers used in the tracker compose the RRD. The results of the measurements, acquired by the prototypes with CATANA Cirrone, [2] proton beam, and a comparison with the simulations of the detectors are presented. It takes place every other year since Higher-order corrections for vacuum polarization and initial-state radiation are considered. An arbitrary upper limit of radiative correction integration is involved.

Full and simplified versions of analytic formulae are given with precision at the level of 0. The compilation of the instrumental seismic catalogue of Italy: We compile a homogeneous and complete catalogue of the seismicity of the Italian region for , the period marking the transition from standard analogue seismometry to the new digital era. The work is developed in three phases: The first two phases have been completed, providing a new instrumental catalogue obtained using a spherical Earth model; the third phase is presented here in a preliminary stage.

Space debris are man made objects orbiting around Earth that pose a serious hazard for both present and future human activities in space. The observations were performed by using bi- and multi-static radars, composed of the INAF m Italian radiotelescopes located at Medicina and Noto used as receivers and the m parabolic antenna at Evpatoria Ukraine used as transmitter. The 32 m Ventspils antenna in Latvia also participated in the last campaign at the end of June Several kinds of objects in various orbital regions radar calibrators, rocket upper stages, debris of different sizes were observed and successfully detected.

Some unknown objects were also discovered in LEO during the beam-park sessions. Real time data exchange agreements in place with other Italian, Slovenian, Austrian and Swiss seismological institutes lead to a total number of about seismic stations acquired in real time, which makes the OGS the reference institute for seismic monitoring of Northeastern Italy. The southwestern edge of the OGS seismic network stands on the Po alluvial basin: OGS ha already experience in running a local seismic network in high noise conditions making use of borehole installations in the case of the micro-seismicity monitoring of a local gas storage site for a private company.

The aim of the OGS intervention was on one hand to extend its real time seismic monitoring capabilities toward South-West, including Ferrara and its surroundings, and on the other hand to evaluate the seismic response at the site. The aim of the OGS intervention was on one hand to extend its real time seismic monitoring capabilities toward South-West, including Ferrara and its surroundings, and on the other hand to evaluate seismic site responses in the area.

We will introduce details of the Ferrara VBB borehole station and the OGS temporary seismographic network configuration and installation. Besides the scientific interest, the accuracy of satellite navigation in Antarctica is of paramount importance since there is always the danger that people and vehicles can fall into a crevasse during a snowstorm, when visibility is limited and travel is restricted to following specified routes using satellite navigation systems.

The variability of ionospheric delay and ionospheric scintillation are two of the primary factors which affect the accuracy of satellite navigation. The project will provide a demonstrator of cutting edge technology for the empirical assessment of the ionospheric delay and ionospheric scintillations in the polar regions. The scope of the project includes new equipment for the recording and dissemination of GNSS data and products installed at the South African and Brazilian bases in Antarctica.

The new equipment will facilitate the exchange of software and derived products via the Cloud computing technology infrastructure. The project portal is accessible at www. Summary of the Italian inter-society recommendations for radiation protection optimization in interventional radiology. A summary of these recommendations is here reported. A multidisciplinary approach was used to establish the Working Group by involving radiologists, interventional radiologists, neuroradiologists, interventional cardiologists, occupational health specialists, medical physicists, radiation protection experts, radiographers and nurses.

The Group operated as a "Consensus Conference". Three main topics have been addressed: In the "golden rules", practical and operational recommendations were provided to help the professionals in optimizing dose delivered to patients and reducing their own exposure. Operative indications dealt also with continuing education and training, and recommendations on professional accreditation and certification. The "Consensus Conference" was the methodology adopted for the development of these recommendations.

Involvement of all professionals is a winning approach to improve practical implementation of the recommendations, thus getting a real impact on the optimization of the interventional radiology practices. An ultra light long duration stratospheric payload for polar regions flights.

Stratospheric balloons are powerful and affordable tools for a wide spectrum of scientific investigations that are carried out at the stratosphere level. They are less expensive compared to satellite projects and have the capability to lift payloads from a few kilograms to a couple of tons or more, well above the troposphere, for more than a month. Another interesting feature of these balloons, which is not viable in satellites, is the short turnaround time, which enables frequent flights.

A direct view of the broad line region using near-IR spectroscopy. This new classification helps explain its radio to X-ray properties, which until now were considered highly anomalous. However, interesting new concerns are raised: Italian center for Astronomical Archives IA2, http: Archiving systems and web interfaces are developed to be extremely flexible about adding new instruments from other telescopes. VO resources publishing, along with data access portals, implements the International Virtual Observatory Alliance IVOA protocols providing astronomers with new ways of analyzing data.

Given the large variety of data flavours and IVOA standards, the need for tools to easily accomplish data ingestion and data publishing arises. This paper describes the VO-Dance tool, that IA2 started developing to address VO resources publishing in a dynamical way from already existent database tables or views. The tool consists in a Java web application, potentially DBMS and platform independent, that stores internally the services' metadata and information, exposes restful endpoints to accept VO queries for these services and dynamically translates calls to these endpoints to SQL queries coherent with the published table or view.

Keplerb is a 1. The corresponding high density of 6. We also constrain the mass and period of the outer companion in the Kepler system from the long-term radial velocity trend and archival adaptive optics images. A long-period massive planet around HD A. Our results confirm the previously made preliminary announcement of the planet by Mayor et al. The secondary instead does not show significant RV variations. The two components do not differ significantly in chemical composition, as was also found for other pairs of which one component hosts giant planets.

From the analysis of the relative astrometry of the components of the wide pair we compute an upper limit on the mass of the newly detected companion of about 0. State-of-the-art or near-future instrumentation can provide true mass determination, thanks to the availability of the wide companion HDB as reference. Therefore, HD Ab will allow a deeper insight into the transition region between planets and brown dwarfs.

Tables 3 and 4 are available in electronic form at http: Implementing an evidence-based computerized decision support system linked to electronic health records to improve care for cancer patients: Computerized decision support systems CDSSs are computer programs that provide doctors with person-specific, actionable recommendations, or management options that are intelligently filtered or presented at appropriate times to enhance health care.

We hypothesize that the intervention can increase clinician adherence to guidelines and, eventually, improve the quality of care offered to cancer patients. The primary outcome is the rate at which the issues reported by the reminders are resolved, aggregating specialty and primary care reminders.

We will include all the patients admitted to hospital services. All analyses will follow the intention-to-treat principle. The results of our study will contribute to the current understanding of the effectiveness of CDSSs in cancer hospitals, thereby informing healthcare policy about the potential role of CDSS use. Furthermore, the study will inform whether CDSS may facilitate the integration of primary care in cancer settings, known to be usually limited.

The increasing use of and familiarity with advanced technology among new generations of physicians may support integrated approaches to be tested in pragmatic studies determining the optimal interface between primary and oncology care. Real time data exchange agreements in place with other Italian, Slovenian, Austrian and Swiss seismological institutes lead to a total number of about seismic stations acquired in real time, which makes the OGS the reference institute for seismic monitoring of North-eastern Italy.

The south-western edge of the OGS seismic network Fig. We will describe improvements in running the North-eastern Italy Seismic Network, including details of. Background noise levels and correlation with ship traffic in the Gulf of Catania. In the last decades the growing interest in the evaluation of the underwater acoustic noise for studies in the fields of geology, biology and high-energy physics is driving the scientific community to collaborate towards a multidisciplinary approach to the topic.

Underwater sounds have been continuously digitized at a sampling frequency of 2 kHz and the acquired data have been stored in 10min long files for off-line analysis. An acoustic noise increment was measured in coincidence with the passing of crafts in the area and it was possible to identify the characteristic spectrum of each ship. A simple model for the estimation of the acoustic noise induced by the ships passing through the area was developed. The model was applied by using AIS data acquired during the operation.

It can search for the presence of signals both narrow-band and wide-band embedded in noise both coloured and white. Our software implementation of the KLT follows these lines and also is indebted to some basic ideas put forward by Robert S. Dixon [On the detection of unknown signals, in: Planck focal plane instruments: This work started in January in the context of the PhD school program in Astrophysics held at the Physics Department of Universita' degli Studi di Milano under the supervision of Aniello Mennella.

Thanks to this collaboration I had the opportunity to work with the HFI team for four months at the Paris Observatory, so that the focus of my activity was broadened and included the study of cross-correlation between HFI and LFI data. Planck is the first CMB mission to have on-board the same satellite very different detection technologies, which is a key element for controlling systematic effects and improve measurements quality.

After the big Sumatra earthquake, the tsunami threat posed by large earthquakes occurring in the Mediterranean sea was formally taken into account by many countries around the Mediterranean basin. In the past, large earthquakes that originated significant tsunamis occurred nearly once per century Maramai et al.

Italy started operating as cTWP on October 1st, In this work, we show the technical and personnel organization of CAT, its response to recent earthquakes, and the new procedures under development for implementation. The project has developed in the school year, starting from the 40th anniversary of the Friuli earthquake, and it aims to disseminate historical memory, seismic culture and awareness of seismic safety in the young generations, too often unconscious of past experiences, as recent seismic hazard perception tests have demonstrated. The basic idea of the PRESS40 Project is to involve the students in experimental activities to be active part of the seismic mitigation process.

The Project is divided into two main parts, the first one in which students learn-receive knowledge from researchers, and the second one in which they teach-bring knowledge to younger students. In the first part of the project, 75 students of the "Magrini Marchetti" school acquired new geophysical data, covering the 23 municipalities from which they come from. These municipalities represent a wide area affected by the Friuli earthquake. In each locality a significant site was examined, represented by a school area.

At least, measurements of ambient noise have been acquired. Data processing and interpretation of all the results are still going on, under the supervision of OGS researchers. The second part of the project is planned for the early spring, when the students will present the results of geophysical survey to the younger ones of the monitored schools and to the citizens in occasion of events to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Friuli earthquake. The Lunar Radio Occultation LRO part of the program consists in collecting data of the lunar Total Electron Content TEC , at different limb longitudes and at different time, in order to study long term variation of the Moon's ionosphere.

It proceeded in with the observation of the lunar occultations of Saturn and Venus, and with the observation of Mars in On Dec 1st a Venus lunar occultation occurred. The second part of the radio occultation program includes the observation of satellite by satellite occultation events, as well as mutual occultations of Jupiter satellites. These observations are aimed to measure the radio flux variation during the occultation and to derive surface spatial characteristics such as Io's hot spots. In this work preliminary results of the Radio Occultation program will be presented. Data treatment and simulations.

The distribution of exoplanets around low-mass stars is still not well understood. Such stars, however, present an excellent opportunity for reaching down to the rocky and habitable planet domains. The number of current detections used for statistical purposes remains relatively modest and different surveys, using both photometry and precise radial velocities, are searching for planets around M dwarfs. Our HARPS-N red dwarf exoplanet survey is aimed at the detection of new planets around a sample of 78 selected stars, together with the subsequent characterization of their activity properties.

Here we investigate the survey performance and strategy. From observed spectra, we compare the radial velocity determinations of the HARPS-N DRS pipeline and the HARPS-TERRA code, calculate the mean activity jitter level, evaluate the planet detection expectations, and address the general question of how to define the strategy of spectroscopic surveys in order to be most efficient in the detection of planets. For a general radial velocity survey with limited observing time, the number of observations per star is key for the detection efficiency.

In the case of an early M-type target sample, we conclude that approximately 50 observations per star with exposure times of s and precisions of approximately 1 ms-1 maximizes the number of planet detections. The least-squares deconvolution technique is applied to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the mean rotational broadened line profiles extracted from the observed spectra.

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In the present application, an unbroadened spectrum is used as a reference, instead of a simple line list, to improve the deconvolution technique applied to extract the mean profiles. The reconstructed image is similar to those previously obtained from observations taken in and , and shows that LO Peg photospheric activity is dominated by high-latitude spots with a non-uniform polar cap. The latter seems to be a persistent feature as it has been observed since with little modifications.

We present the results of spectroscopic observations of galaxies associated with the diffuse X-ray emitting structure discovered by Zappacosta et al. This confirms the original claim that this X-ray emission has an extragalactic nature and is due to the warm-hot intergalactic medium WHIM. We used this value of the redshift to compute the temperature of the emitting gas.

The resulting value depends on the metallicity that is assumed for the IGM, and is constrained to be between 0. Table 2 is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc. Up to now, only for SAX J With the Italian 3. We obtain an optical light curve that shows variability consistent with a sinusoidal modulation at the known 2. Stellar activity influences radial velocity RV measurements and can also mimic the presence of orbiting planets.

We also analysed the relations between the average activity level and other physical properties of the stars. We finally tried to reveal signals in the RVs that are due to the activity. At least in some cases the variation in the observed RVs is due to the stellar activity. High-resolution spectra of comets permit deriving the physical properties of the coma.

In the optical range, relative production rates can be computed, and information about isotopic ratios and the origin of oxygen atoms can be obtained. The oxygen lines were studied as well green to red line intensity ratios and widths , confirming that H2O is the main parent molecule that photodissociates to produce oxygen atoms. This suggests that this comet has a high CO2 abundance. Optimal distributed control of a diffuse interface model of tumor growth. In this paper, a distributed optimal control problem is studied for a diffuse interface model of tumor growth which was proposed by Hawkins-Daruud et al in Hawkins-Daruud et al Int.

Exoplanet Transits of Stellar Active Regions. We report preliminary results of a program to obtain high spectral- and temporal-resolution observations of the neutral helium triplet line at The principal objective of our program is to gain insight on the properties of active regions, analogous to solar plages, on late-type dwarfs by essentially using exoplanet transits as high spatial resolution probes of the stellar surface within the transit chord. The nm helium line is a particularly appropriate diagnostic of magnetized areas since it is weak in the quiet photosphere of solar-type stars but appears strongly in absorption in active regions.

Therefore, during an exoplanet transit over the stellar surface, variations in its absorption equivalent width can arise that are functions of the intrinsic strength of the feature in the active region and the known relative size of the exoplanet. We will present preliminary results from our analysis of the observed variability of the strength of the He I nm line during transits. The aim of this paper is to characterize the dust coma of this peculiar object, 2.

Broad-band visible images taken at the TNG telescope in February were analysed in order to characterize the dust coma of the Centaur: The V - R colour and the reddening values depict a scenario of a slightly red dust coma. A dust mass-loss rate of? An upper limit for the Centaur radius of 3. Dynamical lifetime estimates compared to modelled loss rate result in a radius lower limit of 0. A vigorous activity cycle mimicking a planetary system in HD Stellar activity can be a source of radial velocity RV noise and can reproduce periodic RV variations similar to those produced by an exoplanet.

We present the vigorous activity cycle in the primary of the visual binary HD , a system made of two almost identical solar-type stars with an apparent separation of 4. High precision RV over more than a decade, adaptive optics AO images, and abundances have been obtained for both components.

A linear trend in the RV is found for the secondary. Tables 5 and 6 are available in electronic form at http: Baseline tumour PD-L1 expression did not correlate with the proportion of patients who had an immune-related objective response or immune-related disease control, with immune-related progression-free survival, or with overall survival.

Treatment-related toxicity was generally manageable and reversible with protocol guidelines. The combination of tremelimumab and durvalumab appeared active, with a good safety profile in patients with mesothelioma, warranting further exploration. The EuroPlaNet information service provides access to lists of researchers, laboratories and data archives relevant to many aspects of planetary and space physics.

Information can be accessed through EuroPlaNet website or, for advanced searches, via web-services available at the different thematic nodes.

The goal of IDIS is to provide easy-to-use access to resources like people, laboratories, modeling activities and data archives related to planetary sciences. IDIS is complemented by a set of other EuroPlaNet web-services maintained under the responsibility of separate institutions.

Each activity maintains its own web-portal with cross-links pointing to the other elements of EuroPlaNet. General access is provided via the EuroPlaNet Homepage. IDIS is not a repository of original data but rather supports the access to various data sources. The final goal of IDIS is to provide Virtual Observatory tools for the access to data from laboratory measurements and ground- and spaced-based observations to modeling results, allowing the combination of as divergent data sources as feasible.

IDIS is built around four scientific nodes located in different European countries. Each node deals with a subset of the disciplines related to planetary sciences and, working in cooperation with international experts in these fields, provides a wealth of information to the international planetary science community. Photometry and taxonomy of trans-Neptunian objects and Centaurs in support of a Herschel key program.

Ultraviolet to near-infrared spectroscopy of the potentially hazardous, low delta-V asteroid FG3. Backup target of the sample return mission MarcoPolo-R. Abundance difference between components of wide binaries. The equivalent widths are only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc. A multiple planetary system around the red giant star TYC Tables 2 and 3 are available in electronic form at http: Volcanic ash produced during explosive eruptions can cause disruptions to aviation operations and to population living around active volcanoes.

Thus, detection of volcanic plume becomes a crucial issue to reduce troubles connected to its presence. Nowadays, the volcanic plume detection is carried out by using different approaches such as satellites, radars and lidars. Recently, the capability of GPS to retrieve volcanic plumes has been also investigated and some tests applied to explosive activity of Etna have demonstrated that also the GPS may give useful information. In this work, we use the permanent and continuous GPS network of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo Italy that consists of 35 stations located all around volcano flanks.

Here we investigate the possibility to quantify the volcanic plume through the GPS signal features and to estimate its spatial distribution by means of a tomographic inversion algorithm. The method is tested on volcanic plumes produced during the lava fountain of September , already used to confirm if weak explosive activity may or may not affect the GPS signals. The seismicity in the L'Aquila area Italy with particular regard to earthquake. We computed the source moment tensor using surface waves Giardini et al. The solutions show normal fault ruptures.

We do not find a reliable solution for the major sequence earthquake. Important technological aspects were tackled during the construction phase, as, for example, beam purity issues, electrodes alignment, and vacuum sealing. This paper describes the characteristics of the SPES-CB, with particular emphasis on the results obtained during the qualification tests: Neutrons constitute an important component of the radiation environment in hadron therapy accelerators.

Their energy distribution may span from thermal up to hundred of MeV. The characterization of these fields in terms of dosimetric or spectrometric quantities is crucial for either the patient protection or the facility design aspects. The facility is mainly devoted to the treatment of ocular diseases like uveal melanoma. A beam treatment line in air has been assembled together with a dedicated positioning patient system. The facility has been in operation since the beginning of and 66 patients have been successfully treated up to now.

The main features of CATANA together with the clinical and dosimetric features will be extensively described; particularly, the proton beam line, that has been entirely built at LNS, with all its elements, the experimental transversal and depth dose distributions of the MeV proton beam obtained for a final collimator of mm diameter and the experimental depth dose distributions of a modulated proton beam obtained for the same final collimator. Finally, the clinical results over 1 yr of treatments, describing the features of the treated diseases will be reported. Ground-based CCD astrometry with wide field imagers.

An improved geometric-distortion correction for the blue prime-focus camera at the LBT. High precision astrometry requires an accurate geometric-distortion solution. The result of this effort is used in two companion papers: Many other applications might find this distortion correction useful. LBT Corporation partners are: The objective of the project is to develop a pre-operative system based on EO data and ground measurements integration to support the volcanic risk monitoring of the Italian Civil Protection Department which requirements and need are well integrated in the GMES Emergency Core Services program.

The project philosophy is to implement, by incremental versions, specific modules which allow to process, store and visualize through Web GIS tools EO derived parameters considering three activity phases: In order to combine effectively the EO data and the ground networks measurements the system will implement a multi-parametric analysis tool, which represents and unique tool to analyze contemporaneously a large data set of data in "near real time".

Etna,Vesuvio and Campi Flegrei. A database of the coseismic effects following the 30 October Norcia earthquake in Central Italy. We provide a database of the coseismic geological surface effects following the Mw 6. The observations were collected by performing detailed field surveys in the epicentral region in order to describe the geometry and kinematics of surface faulting, and subsequently of landslides and other secondary coseismic effects.

The resulting database consists of homogeneous georeferenced records identifying observation points, each of which contains 18 numeric and string fields of relevant information. This database will impact future earthquake studies focused on modelling of the seismic processes in active extensional settings, updating probabilistic estimates of slip distribution, and assessing the hazard of surface faulting. The European Summer School on Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics has reached the sixth edition, marking the tenth year's anniversary.

The spirit of the school is to provide a very important occasion for a deep education of young researchers about the main topics of experimental nuclear astrophysics. Moreover, it should be regarded as a forum for the discussion of the last-decade research activity. Lectures are focused on various aspects of primordial and stellar nucleosynthesis, including novel experimental approaches and detectors, indirect methods and radioactive ion beams.

Moreover, in order to give a wide educational offer, some lectures cover complementary subjects of nuclear astrophysics such as gamma ray astronomy, neutron-induced reactions, short-lived radionuclides, weak interaction and cutting-edge facilities used to investigate nuclear reactions of interest for astrophysics. Large room is also given to young researcher oral contributions. Traditionally, particular attention is devoted to the participation of students from less-favoured countries, especially from the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

Metrological traceability of carbon dioxide measurements in atmosphere and seawater. The accurate determination of gaseous pollutants is fundamental for the monitoring of the trends of these analytes in the environment and the application of the metrological concepts to this field is necessary to assure the reliability of the measurement results. In this work, an overview of the activity carried out at Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica to establish the metrological traceability of the measurements of gaseous atmospheric pollutants, in particular of carbon dioxide CO2 , is presented.

Two primary methods, the gravimetry and the dynamic dilution, are used for the preparation of reference standards for composition which can be used to calibrate sensors and analytical instrumentation. At present, research is carried out to lower the measurement uncertainties of the primary gas mixtures and to extend their application to the oceanic field. The reason of such investigation is due to the evidence of the changes occurring in seawater carbonate chemistry, connected to the rising level of CO2 in the atmosphere.

The well established activity to assure the metrological traceability of CO2 in the atmosphere will be applied to the determination of CO2 in seawater, by developing suitable reference materials for calibration and control of the sensors during their routine use. MATline is a tool that can be used to predict which industrial processes can be expected to involve the use of a substance that is considered carcinogenic as documented in the literature. The matrix currently includes carcinogenic agents, 23 classes of agents and some links between agents and industrial processes.

MATline can be viewed on the www. Database for earthquake strong motion studies in Italy. We describe an Italian database of strong ground motion recordings and databanks delineating conditions at the instrument sites and characteristics of the seismic sources. The strong motion database consists of corrected recordings from 89 earthquakes and recording stations. Uncorrected recordings were drawn from public web sites and processed on a record-by-record basis using a procedure utilized in the Next-Generation Attenuation NGA project to remove instrument resonances, minimize noise effects through low- and high-pass filtering, and baseline correction.

The site databank includes for every recording site the surface geology, a measurement or estimate of average shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m Vs30 , and information on instrument housing. Of the 89 sites, 39 have on-site velocity measurements 17 of which were performed as part of this study using SASW techniques. For remaining sites, we estimate Vs30 based on measurements on similar geologic conditions where available. Where no local velocity measurements are available, correlations with surface geology are used. Source parameters are drawn from databanks maintained and recently updated by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and include hypocenter location and magnitude for small events M OCCAM: It is aimed at providing a flexible, reconfigurable and extendable infrastructure to cater to a wide range of different scientific computing use cases, including ones from solid-state chemistry, high-energy physics, computer science, big data analytics, computational biology, genomics and many others.

A heterogeneous and reconfigurable system like this poses a number of challenges related to the frequency at which heterogeneous hardware resources might change their availability and shareability status, which in turn affect methods and means to allocate, manage, optimize, bill, monitor VMs, containers, virtual farms, jobs, interactive bare-metal sessions, etc.

This work describes some of the use cases that prompted the design and construction of the HPC cluster, its architecture and resource provisioning model, along with a first characterization of its performance by some synthetic benchmark tools and a few realistic use-case tests. A GaAs pixel detectors-based digital mammographic system: Performances and imaging tests results.

The system is integrated in a mammographic equipment which comprehends the X-ray tube, the bias and data acquisition systems and the PC-based control system. The prototype has been developed in the framework of the Integrated Mammographic Imaging IMI project, an industrial research activity aiming to develop innovative instrumentation for morphologic and functional imaging. In this paper, we report on the electrical characterization and the first imaging test results of the digital mammographic system.

To assess the imaging capability of such a detector we have built a phantom, which simulates the breast tissue with malignancies. The radiographs of the phantom, obtained by delivering an entrance dose of 4. Radio-echo sounding at Dome C, East Antarctica: A comparison of measured and modeled data. The internal layering architecture of ice sheets, detected with radio-echo sounding RES , contains clues to past ice-flow dynamics and mass balance.

A common way of relating the recorded travel time of RES reflections to depth is by integrating a wave-speed distribution. This results in an increasing absolute error with depth. Synthetic radar traces are obtained from measurements of ice-core density and conductivity with a 1D model of Maxwell's equations.

The reflection peaks of the different radar systems' measurements are shifted by a wiggle-matching algorithm, so they match the synthetic trace. In this way, we matched pronounced internal reflections in the RES data to conductivity peaks with considerably smaller depth uncertainties, and assigned them with the ice-core age. We examine the differences in shifts and resolution of the different RES data to address the question of their comparability and combined analysis for an extensive age-depth distribution. The peculiar "Southwest Clump" previously imaged from 1 to 2.

We model its brightness as optically thick scattering from silicate dust grains using typical size distributions. The presence of the Clump as a distinct feature with no apparent counterpart on the other side of the star is suggestive of an ejection event from a localized region of the star and is consistent with VY CMa's history of asymmetric high-mass-loss events. The results of the evaluation processes were not completely satisfactory for the INRIM cells because of their low transition temperatures with respect to the best cells, and of a rather large melting range for the Co-C cell.

A new design of the cells was devised, and considerable improvements were achieved with respect to the transition temperature, and the plateau shape and duration. As for the Co-C point, the melting temperature, expressed in terms of the point of inflection of the melting curve, increased by about 70 mK. DYFI-based intensity maps made rapidly available through the DYFI system fundamentally depart from more traditional maps made available in the past.

The maps are made more quickly, provide more complete coverage and higher resolution, provide for citizen input and interaction, and allow data collection at rates and quantities never before considered. These aspects of Internet data collection, in turn, allow for data analyses, graphics, and ways to communicate with the public, opportunities not possible with traditional data-collection approaches. Yet web-based contributions also pose considerable challenges, as discussed herein.

After a decade of operational experience with the DYFI system and users, we document refinements to the processing and algorithmic procedures since DYFI was first conceived. We also describe a number of automatic post-processing tools, operations, applications, and research directions, all of which utilize the extensive DYFI intensity datasets now gathered in near-real time. DYFI can be found online at the website http: Is the digital divide an obstacle to e-health?

An analysis of the situation in Europe and in Italy. The digital divide affecting elderly patients may compromise the diffusion of telemedicine systems for this age segment. It might be that the difficulties in the passage from trials to the effective distribution of telemedicine systems are also due to the awareness of a personal digital divide in the target population. The analysis aims to estimate the number of people over the age of 50 years with potential cardiovascular problems able to access the Web.

Furthermore, with regard to Italy, the estimates obtained from official data were compared with those obtained in a survey investigating heart failure patients in Tuscany. In Italy, however, the proportion of people with Web access increased from to , and the survey in Tuscany showed that elderly people with limited information and communications technology skills overcame challenges and learned how to connect to the Web because they started to appreciate new technologies. The opportunity to use the Internet to monitor patients with chronic disease can serve as a challenge to reduce the digital divide gap and, furthermore, to increase their social and technological inclusion.

The initial phases of the Mount Etna eruption: A multidisciplinary approach for hazard assessment. Between and early , the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia INGV monitoring networks on Etna volcano recorded a recharging phase that climaxed with a new effusive eruption on 13 May and lasted about 14 months. In the meanwhile, marked ground deformation was recorded by the permanent tilt and GPS networks, and sudden changes in the summit area were detected by five continuously recording magnetic stations.

Poor weather conditions did not allow direct observation of the eruptive events, but important information was provided by infrared satellite images that detected the start of lava fountains from the eruptive fissure, feeding a lava flow. This flow spread within the Valle del Bove depression, covering 6. The seismicity and deformation pattern indicated that the dike-forming intrusion was propagating northward. It produced a dry fracture field, which generated concern for the possibility that the eruptive fissures could expand downslope toward populated areas.

Monitoring and modeling of the multidisciplinary data, together with the simulations of ash dispersal and lava flows, allowed us both to infer the eruptive mechanisms and to provide correct interpretation of the ongoing phenomena, furnishing useful information for civil defense purposes. We describe how this approach of feedback between monitoring and research provides critical support to risk evaluation.

Ion Beam Analysis for the provenance attribution of lapis lazuli used in glyptic art: The case of the "Collezione Medicea". Diopside and wollastonite are actually two of the most common lapis lazuli-forming minerals. It includes artworks made of lapis lazuli manufactured in the 16th and 17th centuries but there is not precise information about the provenance of the used raw material. Results on the artworks show, as expected, that the Chilean provenance of the material used for the analysed artworks has to be excluded.

Lapis lazuli used for five of the analysed artworks can be ascribed to the Afghan quarry district, while one object cannot be attributed only on the base of diopside and wollastonite analysis. EGU Union awards were presented to the following people: Vincent Courtillot, University of Paris Diderot, France, received the Arthur Holmes Medal and EGU honorary membership for seminal contributions to geomagnetism and the geodynamics of mantle hot spots.

Robin Clarke, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, received the Alexander von Humboldt Medal for fundamental contributions in statistical analysis and modeling of hydrological processes. Angioletta Coradini, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofsica, Italy, received the Jean Dominique Cassini Medal and EGU honorary membership in recognition of her important and wide range of work in planetary sciences and solar system formation and for her leading role in the development of space infrared instrumentation for planetary exploration. This paper presents an apparatus for the calibration of long-stem platinum resistance thermometers at the argon triple point , designed at the Institute of Low Temperature and Structural Research, Poland INTiBS.

A hermetically sealed cell filled at the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Italy with high purity gas 6N is the main element of this apparatus. The cell is placed in a cryostat fully immersed in liquid nitrogen. A temperature-controlled shield ensures the quasi-adiabatic condition needed for proper realization of the phase transition. A system for correcting the temperature distribution along the thermometer well is also implemented. The cell cooling and argon solidification is carried out by filling the thermometer well with liquid nitrogen. The duration of a melting plateau in the apparatus lasts for about 24 h.

The reproducibility of the plateau temperature is better than. Grid Oriented Implementation of the Tephra Model. Etna corresponding to and Etna eruptions. The model outputs are plotted on maps and transferred to Civil Protection which takes the trouble to give public warnings and plan mitigation measures.

In order to provide better performances we worked on porting it to PI2S2 sicilian grid infrastructure inside the "PI2S2 Project" We configured the application to run on grid, using Glite middleware, analyzed the obtained performances and comparing them with ones obtained on the local cluster. As TEPHRA needs to be run in a short time in order to transfer fastly the dispersion maps to Civil Protection, we also worked to minimize and stabilize grid job-scheduling time by using customized high-priority queues called Emergency Queue.

Earthquake Forecasting System in Italy. In Italy, after the L'Aquila earthquake, a procedure was developed for gathering and disseminating authoritative information about the time dependence of seismic hazard to help communities prepare for a potentially destructive earthquake. The most striking time dependency of the earthquake occurrence process is the time clustering, which is particularly pronounced in time windows of days and weeks. The philosophy of the system rests on a few basic concepts: In particular, the transparent, reproducible, and testable earthquake forecasting system developed at CPS is based on ensemble modeling and on a rigorous testing phase.

Such phase is carried out according to the guidance proposed by the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability CSEP, international infrastructure aimed at evaluating quantitatively earthquake prediction and forecast models through purely prospective and reproducible experiments. In the OEF system, the two most popular short-term models were used: Here, we report the results from OEF's 24hour earthquake forecasting during the main phases of the sequence occurred in Central Apennines Italy. Improved design of proton source and low energy beam transport line for European Spallation Source.

The design update of the European Spallation Source ESS accelerator is almost complete and the construction of the prototype of the microwave discharge ion source able to provide a proton beam current larger than 70 mA to the 3. Innovative solutions have been used as hereinafter described. Thermo-mechanical optimization has been performed to withstand the chopped beam and the misaligned focused beam over the RFQ input collimator; the results are reported here. Our objective is two-fold. Firstly, being itself a stand-alone application, it allows to do "basic" digital or digitised seismic waveform analysis.

Secondly, thanks to its architectural characteristics it can be the basis for the development of more complex and power featured applications. This means that about 90 users tested the application for more than 1 year, making its features more robust and efficient. The main appeals of the application package are: Windows environment spares the user scripting or complex interaction with the system.

The system is in constant development to answer the needs and suggestions of its users. Microsoft Visual Basic 6 source code, installation package, test data sets and documentation are available at no cost. The comparison result, based on the calibration coefficients for three transfer standards and expressed as a ratio of the ENEA and the BIPM standards for absorbed dose to water, is 0.

The present result replaces the earlier ENEA value in this key comparison. The degrees of equivalence between the ENEA and the other participants in this comparison have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a matrix for the ten national metrology institutes NMIs that have published results in this ongoing comparison for absorbed dose to water.

A graphical presentation is also given. Due to the long distance between the isotope separator online ISOL facility and the superconducting quarter wave resonator QWR cavity acceleratore lineare per ioni ALPI , a new re-buncher cavity must be introduced to maintain the high beam quality during the beam transport. A particular radio frequency quadrupole RFQ structure has been suggested to meet the requirements of this project.

A window-type RFQ, which has a high mode separation, less power dissipation and compact size compared to the conventional normal 4-vane RFQ, has been introduced. The RF design has been studied considering the requirements of the re-bunching machine for high figures of merit such as a proper operation frequency, a high shunt impedance, a high quality factor, a low power dissipation, etc.

A sensitivity analysis of the fabrication and the misalignment error has been conducted. A micro-movement slug tuner has been introduced to compensate for the frequency variations that may occur due to the beam loading, the thermal instability, the microphonic effect, etc. Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders. Considerations on consecutive patients.

Nevertheless, in some conditions, targets such as the ventral thalamus and the Zona Incerta may be considered to optimize the results and avoid the side effects. Positive and negative aspects of current DBS treatments justify the research of new targets, new stimulation programs and new hardware. Since , at the Istituto Nazionale Neurologico "Carlo Besta" in Milan, deep brain electrodes were implanted in patients.

The long-term follow-up is reported and related to the chosen target. DBS gave a new therapeutic option to patients affected by severe movement disorders, and in some cases resolved life-threatening pathological conditions that would otherwise result in the death of the patient, such as in status dystonicus, and post-stroke hemiballismus.

Nevertheless, the potential occurrence of severe complications still limit a wider use of DBS. At today, the use of DBS in severe movement disorders is strongly positive even if further investigations and studies are needed to unveil potential new applications, and to refine the selection criteria for the actual indications and targets. The experience of different targets may be useful to guide and tailor the target choice to the individual clinical condition. Results on Long-term Follow-up. Intrathecal baclofen is presently the most effective treatment for diffuse spasticity whatever the cause.

The fact that both spasticity is always accompanied by a degree of muscle weakness and that any antispastic treatment causes a decrease in muscle strength indicate that major attention must be paid in treating spasticity in ambulant patients. We present here a retrospective study, approved by the insitutional ethics committee, of 22 ambulant spastic patients, selected as homogeneous for disease and disease duration, who were treated with intrathecal baclofen at the Istituto Nazionale Neurologico "C.

There was improvement in quality of life as measured by the FIM scale; however, an increase in the patient's motor performance could not be detected. Although we did not show any improvement in muscle performance, intrathecal baclofen did improve daily quality of life, even in spastic patients who were able to walk. Deep brain stimulation DBS extends the treatment of some severe neurological diseases beyond pharmacological and conservative therapy. Our experience extends the field of DBS beyond the treatment of Parkinson disease and dystonia, including several other diseases such as cluster headache and disruptive behavior.

• Beauchamps Career — Volume 2
• Brainstem and Cerebellum: Medulla, Pons, Midbrain, Reticular Formation, Arousal, Vision, Hearing, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Dopamine, Sleeping, Dreaming, REM, Cranial Nerves, Motor Control,
• Eton and Rugby Five - A Complete Handbook of Practical Advice, Instruction and Rules
• TIAMAT – Liebe zwischen den Welten (German Edition)
• Being In Her Body: Nondisclosure (B.H. Wrenchers Bodies Book 3)
• Is That All There Is?
• PANIX: Magician Spy