Trinity

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Living at Trinity College to attend the University of Melbourne. Initially, both the requirements of monotheism inherited from the Hebrew Scriptures and the implications of the need to interpret the biblical teaching to Greco-Roman religions seemed to demand that the divine in Christ as the Word, or Logos , be interpreted as subordinate to the Supreme Being. An alternative solution was to interpret Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as three modes of the self-disclosure of the one God but not as distinct within the being of God itself. The first tendency recognized the distinctness among the three, but at the cost of their equality and hence of their unity subordinationism.

The high point of these conflicts was the so-called Arian controversy in the early 4th century. In his interpretation of the idea of God, Arius sought to maintain a formal understanding of the oneness of God. In defense of that oneness, he was obliged to dispute the sameness of essence of the Son and the Holy Spirit with God the Father. It was not until later in the 4th century that the distinctness of the three and their unity were brought together in a single orthodox doctrine of one essence and three persons. Over the next half century, St. Athanasius defended and refined the Nicene formula, and, by the end of the 4th century, under the leadership of St.

Basil of Caesarea , St. Gregory of Nyssa , and St. Gregory of Nazianzus the Cappadocian Fathers , the doctrine of the Trinity took substantially the form it has maintained ever since. It is accepted in all of the historic confessions of Christianity , even though the impact of the Enlightenment decreased its importance in some traditions. We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. And after it was sold, was it not at your disposal? Why is it that you have contrived this deed in your heart?

You have not lied to men but to God. Another passage the Cappadocian Fathers quoted from was "By the word of the Lord the heavens were made, and by the breath of his mouth all their host. And since, according to them, [] because only the holy God can create holy beings such as the angels, the Son and Holy Spirit must be God.

Yet another argument from the Cappadocian Fathers to prove that the Holy Spirit is of the same nature as the Father and Son comes from "For who knows a person's thoughts except the spirit of that person, which is in him? So also no one comprehends the thoughts of God except the Spirit of God. They also combined "the servant does not know what his master is doing" [John The Pneumatomachi contradicted the Cappadocian Fathers by quoting, "Are they not all ministering spirits sent out to serve for the sake of those who are to inherit salvation?

The usage of the word " paraclete " Greek: In addition, the Old Testament has also been interpreted as foreshadowing the Trinity, [] by referring to God's word, [Ps Some Church Fathers believed that a knowledge of the mystery was granted to the prophets and saints of the Old Testament, and that they identified the divine messenger of Genesis Genesis 18—19 has been interpreted by Christians as a Trinitarian text. Justin Martyr , and John Calvin similarly, interpreted it such that Abraham was visited by God, who was accompanied by two angels. Justin appropriated the God who visited Abraham to Jesus, the second person of the Trinity.

Augustine, in contrast, held that the three visitors to Abraham were the three persons of the Trinity.

Then in Genesis 19 , two of the visitors were addressed by Lot in the singular: According to Swedenborg , the three angels which appeared to Abraham do represent the Trinity, but a Trinity of one being: That one being is represented is indicated by the fact that they are referred to in the singular as Jehovah and Lord.

In the Old Testament, Swedenborg finds the earliest direct reference to a Trine in the Divinity in the account of Moses' encounter with the Lord in Exodus which states, "And Jehovah passed by upon his face, and called, Jehovah, Jehovah, a God merciful and gracious. Some Christians interpret the theophanies or appearances of the Angel of the Lord as revelations of a person distinct from God, who is nonetheless called God.

In the introduction to his translation of Meditations , [] the Anglican priest Maxwell Staniforth discussed the profound influence of Stoic philosophy on Christianity. Again in the doctrine of the Trinity, the ecclesiastical conception of Father, Word, and Spirit finds its germ in the different Stoic names of the Divine Unity. Thus Seneca , writing of the supreme Power which shapes the universe, states, 'This Power we sometimes call the All-ruling God, sometimes the incorporeal Wisdom, sometimes the holy Spirit , sometimes Destiny.

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The Trinity is most commonly seen in Christian art with the Spirit represented by a dove, as specified in the Gospel accounts of the Baptism of Christ ; he is nearly always shown with wings outspread. However depictions using three human figures appear occasionally in most periods of art. The Father and the Son are usually differentiated by age, and later by dress, but this too is not always the case.

The usual depiction of the Father as an older man with a white beard may derive from the biblical Ancient of Days , which is often cited in defense of this sometimes controversial representation. However, in Eastern Orthodoxy the Ancient of Days is usually understood to be God the Son, not God the Father see below —early Byzantine images show Christ as the Ancient of Days, [] but this iconography became rare.

When the Father is depicted in art, he is sometimes shown with a halo shaped like an equilateral triangle , instead of a circle. The Son is often shown at the Father's right hand. In early medieval art, the Father may be represented by a hand appearing from a cloud in a blessing gesture, for example in scenes of the Baptism of Christ. This subject continued to be popular until the 18th century at least. By the end of the 15th century, larger representations, other than the Throne of Mercy, became effectively standardised, showing an older figure in plain robes for the Father, Christ with his torso partly bare to display the wounds of his Passion , and the dove above or around them.

In earlier representations both Father, especially, and Son often wear elaborate robes and crowns. Sometimes the Father alone wears a crown, or even a papal tiara. In the later part of the Christian Era , in Renaissance European iconography, the Eye of Providence began to be used as an explicit image of the Christian Trinity and associated with the concept of Divine Providence.

Seventeenth-century depictions of the Eye of Providence sometimes show it surrounded by clouds or sunbursts. God the Father top , and the Holy Spirit represented by a dove depicted above Jesus. Painting by Francesco Albani d. A Christian version of the Eye of Providence, emphasizing the triangle representing the Trinity. Nontrinitarianism or antitrinitarianism refers to Christian belief systems that reject the doctrine of the Trinity as found in the Nicene Creed as not having a scriptural origin.

Nontrinitarian views differ widely on the nature of God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit. Various nontrinitarian views, such as Adoptionism , Monarchianism , and Arianism existed prior to the formal definition of the Trinity doctrine in AD , , and , at the Councils of Nicaea, Constantinople, and Ephesus, respectively.

When the Franks converted to Catholicism in , however, it gradually faded out. Adoptionism was declared as heretical by the Ecumenical Council of Frakfurt, convened by the Emperor Charlesmagne in for the Latin West Church [].

Islam considers Jesus to be a prophet , but not divine, [] and Allah to be absolutely indivisible a concept known as tawhid. Certainly they disbelieve who say: Surely Allah is the third person of the three ; and there is no god but the one Allah, and if they desist not from what they say, a painful chastisement shall befall those among them who disbelieve. And when Allah will say: O Isa son of Marium!

Glory be to Thee, it did not befit me that I should say what I had no right to say ; if I had said it, Thou wouldst indeed have known it; Thou knowest what is in my mind, and I do not know what is in Thy mind, surely Thou art the great Knower of the unseen things. Interpretation of these verses by modern scholars has been varied. There is also debate about whether this verse should be taken literally.

Judaism traditionally maintains a tradition of monotheism to the exclusion of the possibility of a Trinity. The idea of God as a duality or trinity is heretical — it is even considered by some polytheistic. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. December Learn how and when to remove this template message.

Christian doctrine that God is one God, but three coeternal consubstantial persons. For the album, see Father, Son, Holy Ghost album.

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For the holy trinity in cooking, see Holy trinity cuisine. For other uses, see Holy Trinity disambiguation , Trinitarian disambiguation , and Trinity disambiguation. Jesus in Christianity Virgin birth Crucifixion Resurrection. Trinitarianism in the Church Fathers. The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page.

Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. June Learn how and when to remove this template message. Islamic view of the Trinity and Shirk Islam.

God in Judaism , Judaism's view of Jesus , and Shituf. Torrance , contemporary theologian Trikaya , the three Buddha bodies Trimurti Trinitarian Order Trinitarian universalism Trinity Sunday , a day to celebrate the doctrine Triple deity , an associated term in Comparative religion.

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We depend largely on quotations made by opponents which reflect what they thought he was saying. Furthermore, there was no single Arian party or agenda but rather various critics of the Nicene formula working from distinct perspectives. Arius SPCK 2nd edn, p. Oxford Dictionaries - English. Retrieved 3 November Archived from the original on 25 January Retrieved 16 Aug Retrieved 2 January XV retrieved on 19 December Archived from the original on 24 July Retrieved 19 March Accessed 15 September Irenaeus, Against Heresies , 4.

Prepared by an editorial staff at the Catholic University of America. These three natures are no longer found in one person, but constitute various kinds [of men]. The material goes, as a matter of course, into corruption. The History of Creeds. Britannica Encyclopaedia of World Religions. Oxford University Press, Bloomsbury, , Systematic theology an introduction to biblical doctrine. The doctrine of the word of God prolegomena to church dogmatics, being volume I , 1.

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