Antioxidant Food Supplements in Human Health

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To include a comma in your tag, surround the tag with double quotes. Skip to content Skip to search. Published San Diego ; London: Language English View all editions Prev Next edition 4 of 4. Other Authors Packer, Lester. Physical Description xxv, p. Subjects Antioxidants -- Health aspects. Vitamin E and lung cancer prevention 2.

Natural antioxidants in the protection against cigarette smoke injury 3. Emerging role of nutrition in chronic disease prevention: Biological activities of tocotrienols and tocopherols 5. Effects of high cholesterol, vitamin E, and probucol on protein kinase C activity and proliferation on smooth muscle cells 6. A new function for selenoproteins: Selenium peroxidases in mammalian testis 8.

Natural sources of lipoic acid in plant and animal tissues Determination of protein-bound lipoic acid in tissues by the enzyme recycling method Reaction of ubiquinols with nitric oxide Coenzyme-Q redox cycle as an endogenous antioxidant Dietary carotenoids and their metabolites as potentoially useful chemoprotective agents against cancer Cancer prevention by natural carotenoids Screening of phenolics and flavonoids for antioxidant activity Health in your inbox Get the latest health news and information from across the ABC.

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Burning question: Can you have too many antioxidants?

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Police identify body of boy found dead near Wagga Wagga. Why walkable city centres could make Australia richer. These molecules grab electrons from other cells, a process that is thought to contribute to cancer, cardiovascular disease , diabetes, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and eye diseases. Antioxidants are the peacemakers in this scenario. Created naturally by your body or ingested through the food you eat, antioxidants contain extra electrons. Lab studies have shown that antioxidants such as vitamins A, C and E give these extra electrons to free radicals, which neutralizes them.

Fruits and vegetables are high in antioxidants, and studies have shown that people who eat plenty of fruits and vegetables are less likely to get diseases such as heart disease, vision loss and cancer. But many of those are cohort studies, where researchers look at how the habits of large groups of people relate to diseases. While they try to control for all relevant factors, it's difficult to prove cause and effect this way.

That uncertainty that comes with cohort studies is the reason why, in the s, researchers moved on to the next step: That allowed the antioxidants to be compared against placebos, and to be tested in higher doses.

Studies looked at a variety of antioxidants, from beta-carotene and retinol to vitamins E and C. It didn't go well. In the mids, one of the first trials, the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial , was stopped early after it became clear that the group taking the supplements had a 28 per cent higher chance of getting lung cancer, and were 17 per cent more likely to die.

Other large-scale studies followed, and found, among other things, no effect on the risk of cancers or of cardiovascular disease. A Cochrane review on antioxidants covered 78 randomized clinical trials. Together, those trials included more than , healthy people and more than 80, people with stable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. On the whole, the review found a slightly negative effect. People who had taken antioxidants were 3 per cent more likely to die.

That risk was true for beta-carotene, possibly true for vitamin E and vitamin A, and wasn't seen in vitamin C or selenium.

All of this evidence suggests that antioxidants — when taken as a supplement — aren't good for you. So how does that fit with the research that shows fruits and vegetables are good at preventing disease?

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There are many theories. The lower doses of antioxidants in fruits and vegetables might make a difference.

How do free radicals work?

Antioxidants could be combined in a different way in whole foods.

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