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Site The Toca da Tira Peia rockshelter was discovered in There are four well preserved sediment layers, the youngest of which dates to 4, years BP.
The site has been dated through optically stimulated luminescence technique. Using a technique that measures natural radiation damage in excavated quartz grains, the scientists estimated that the last exposure of soil to sunlight ranged from about 4, years ago in the top layer to 22, years ago in the third layer.
Near this area along the Amazon River is the Caverna da Pedra Pintada, an ancient archeological site with numerous rock paintings and pictographs. Excavations at the cave have found evidence of ancient peoples. The north of the municipality contains a small part 3. Circa AD, oknowknowriginal fresco. Painting in the Americas before European colonization is the Precolumbian painting traditions of the Americas.
Painting was a relatively widespread, popular and diverse means of communication and expression for both religious and utilitarian purpose throughout the regions of the Western Hemisphere. During the period before and after European exploration and settlement of the Americas; including North America, Central America, South America and the islands of the Caribbean, the Bahamas, the West Indies, the Antilles, the Lesser Antilles and other island groups, indigenous native cultures produced a wide variety of visual arts, including painting on textiles, hides, rock and cave surfaces, bodies especially faces, ceramics, architectural features including interior murals, wood panels, and other available surfaces.
Many of the perishable surfaces, such as woven textiles The Amazon rainforest Portuguese: Amazoneregenwoud , also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations. States or departments in four nations contain "Amazonas" in their names. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests,[1] and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated billion individual trees This is a list of caves of the world, sorted by continent and then country.
This is a chronological list of significant or pivotal moments in the development of Native American art or the visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas.
Earlier dates, especially before the 18th century, are mostly approximate. Artists etch the Winnemucca Lake petroglyphs, near Reno, Nevada. Megafauna bone etched with a profile image of a walking mammoth and cross-hatched designs left near Vero Beach, Florida is the oldest known portable art in the Americas[3] 10, BCE: Cooper Bison skull is painted with a red zigzag in present day Oklahoma,[4] becoming the oldest known painted object in North America.
Paleo-Indians, Paleoindians or Paleoamericans is a classification term given by scholars to the first peoples who entered, and subsequently inhabited, the Americas during the final glacial episodes of the late Pleistocene period. The term "Paleo-Indians" applies specifically to the lithic period in the Western Hemisphere and is distinct from the term "Paleolithic".
In the history of art, prehistoric art is all art produced in preliterate, prehistorical cultures beginning somewhere in very late geological history, and generally continuing until that culture either develops writing or other methods of record-keeping, or makes significant contact with another culture that has, and that makes some record of major historical events. At this point ancient art begins, for the older literate cultures. The end-date for what is covered by the term thus varies greatly between different parts of the world.
It is clear that such workmanship existed by 40, years ago in the Upper Paleolithic era, although it is quite possible that it began earlier. In September , scientists reported the discovery of the earliest known drawi South America has a history that has a wide range of human cultures and forms of civilization. The Norte Chico civilization in Peru is the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the first six independent civilizations in the world; it was contemporaneous with the Egyptian pyramids.
It predated the Mesoamerican Olmec by nearly two millennia. While millennia of independent development were interrupted by the Portuguese and Spanish colonization of the late 15th century and the demographic collapse that followed, the continent's mestizo and indigenous cultures remain quite distinct from those of their colonizers.
Through the trans-Atlantic slave trade, South America especially Brazil became the home of millions of peopl Major cultural areas of the pre-Columbian Americas: This map does not show Greenland, which is part of the Arctic cultural area. Haida totem pole, Thunderbird Park, British Columbia Dresden Codex, Maya, circa 11th or 12th century Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas encompasses the visual artistic traditions of the indigenous peoples of the Americas from ancient times to the present. The period from around — BCE is generally referred to as the Archaic period.
The production of bannerstones, Projectile point, Lithic reduction styles and pictographic cav The Arene Candide, Italian: Its name was derived from the eponymous dune of white candida sand arena that could be found at the base of the cliff until the s in the Caprazoppa promontory, where the Arene Candide cave is located. Thanks to its position and to those openings the cave is well lit and relatively dry.
The Moreno Gardens of Bordighera which were described by many tourists in the 19th century, no longer exist. They were so impressive that many tourists asked to visit them. The '"Italia Geografica Illustrata" published in , says " Francisco Franco Bahamonde[a] ;[2] Spanish: During the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera , Franco was promoted general at age 33, the youngest in Europe. With the elections, the conservative Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups lost by a narrow margin, and the leftist Popular Front came to power.
Intending to overthrow the republic, Franco followed other generals in launching a coup that failed to take control of most of the country and precipitated the Spanish Civil War. With the death of the other generals, Franco quickly became his faction's only leader. Call Me by Your Name Italian: Chiamami col tuo nome is a coming-of-age romantic drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino and written by James Ivory.
The film began development in , when producers Peter Spears and Howard Rosenman optioned the screen rights to Aciman's novel. Ivory served as the screenwriter and co-producer; he was initially set to co-direct the film but stepped down in Guadagnino joined the project as a location consultant and eventually became director and co-producer. The film was fina Since its inception, the press has established itself as a platform for the voices of Italians and people of Italian descent in North America. Villa Garnier is a building in Bordighera in western Italy.
History In Charles Garnier architect left Paris and the building site of the Opera which was blocked due to the war with Prussia and the Paris Commune. The family moved to Menton hometown of his wife, Louise Bary and, visiting the surroundings, they discover Bordighera. Back in May Garnier chose a plot near the Arziglia, where to build his villa.
Unfortunately, the land was already occupied by an old chapel dedicated to St. Sebastian, but which had been desecrated since serving as a school for boys in the country.
The land was located outside the walls of the old town, down to the sea and next to fishermen beach, the famous Arziglia. To get the coveted land, Garnier decided to offer a considerable sum f Biography Hermann Nestel was born in Stuttgart and, from an early age, showed a particular aptitude for the arts.
He began his artistic training in his hometown and then moved to Monaco of Bavaria and Berlin. Like many artists of the time, he made his trip to Italy to complete his training. There, he met the botanist and landscape architect Ludwig Winter with whom he became friend. Nestel then began a collaboration with Winter in the creation of gardens, without however interrupting his work as a painter. The Italian Riviera thus includes nearly all of the coastline of Liguria. Historically the "Riviera" extended further to the west, through what is now French territory as far as Marseille.
It is next to the busy city of Ventimiglia. Vallecrosia borders the following municipalities: Their goal was to gain independence from the nearby rival city of Ventimiglia. Italian statistical institute Istat. Her father was general Vincenzo Rossi, author of two popular military treaties: Her mother, Maria Pia Luzzatto, was born and raised in Vienna from a Jewish family, and contributed transmitting to her daughters her passion for languages she was fluent in Italian, French, German and English [1], art and literature.
Brin was also the niece of the criminal lawyer Francesco Rossi , who was Mayor of Bordighera from to , and the cousin of the lawyer Paolo Rossi that became Minister of Education, as well as Chairman of the Antimafia Commission and President of the Constitutional Court. She was also a removed cousin of the daughter of Paolo Rossi, the He is considered to be one of the few cartoonists in Turkey, who paved the way for the current Turkish cartoon scene. He died in Istanbul. Christian, called Nino, will grow in the love of his parents.
The couple, who married in , had lost their first son Daniel who was born on March 21, , eight years before, at the age of two years. The boy, who had a frail constitution, was always followed by both parents. At 21 he enrolled at the "School of Civil Engineering", but his projects and his health will be severely undermined by a bout of tuberculosis in His life will never be the same. The Garnier family decided to stay almost all year in Bordighera, where they owned The Province of Imperia Italian: Provincia di Imperia, French: Province d'Imperia is a mountainous and hilly province, in the Liguria region of Italy, situated between France to the north and the Ligurian Sea, an arm of the Mediterranean Sea to the south.
Its capital is the city of Imperia. Ranges of hills run down to the coast in a generally north-south direction, in effect making the province of Imperia a succession of hills and valleys ending at the coast in rocky headlands and small pebbly bays. Each valley tends to have its own seasonal river or torrential s At fifteen he entered the Turin Military Academy.
Upon graduation he was commissioned as a second lieutenant of artillery in In , as an officer in the 2nd Regiment of Artillery, Cadorna participated in the occupation of Rome as part of a force commanded by his father. As major he was appointed to the staff of General Pianell, afterwards taking the post of Chief of Staff of the Verona Divisional Command. As Colonel commanding the 10th Regiment of Bersaglieri from Cadorna acquired a reputation for strict discipline and harsh punishment.
He wrote a manual of infantry tactics which laid stress on The choice of the Seborga pseudonym comes from a small town west of the Ligurian hinterland. It is linked to his love for the sea and for the city which he considered his true hometown: Bordighera, a constant point of reference in his many trips abroad. He had his first artistic experiences w Like many artists of his time, he visited Italy, with extended stays in Naples and Venice. In the city he found a small German community and fascinated by the climate and light, decided to settle in the Ligurian town.
In he built his home just outside the walls of old Bordighera, near the port of Magdalena and the old cemetery. The house, which he named "Villa Banana", and that is on the 4th of Via dei Colli, still exists today but unfortunately it was turned into an apartment building and is in poor conditions. They had three children: Frieda, William mountaineer who died in He was born in Redbourn, Hertfordshire.
Little is known about his childhood, we know only that he returned to London still as a child. He graduated around , it is unknown exactly in which faculty he enrolled, probably a scientific one, because he was later a member of the "Royal Society of Chemistry. The bank prospered, but Berry decided to become an agent for the travel agency "Thomas Cook's. Protestant church in Bordighera, Liguria Protestantism in Italy comprises a minority of the country's religious population. The Catholic Church is by far the largest Christian denomination, but Protestantism has a significant presence.
While the CESNUR an Italian think tank devoted to religious studies, especially on new religions in Italy asserts that there are , Protestants in Italy, due to the difficulty of keeping accurate records regarding the proclaimed religion of immigrants to the country, that number likely reflects, at best, only an approximation of the actual number of Protestants in the country. The church's heartland is a cluster of Alpine valleys, the so-called "Waldensian Ludwig Winter August 9, — July 12, was a German botanist, nurseryman and landscape designer, creator of gardens such as the Giardini Botanici Hanbury, noted for introducing tall palms and other foreign species to the Ligurian riviera.
After two years at Erfurt he went to the School of Horticulture in Potsdam, graduating in Botanics, and then became head gardener at the Botanical Garden of Poppelsdorf near Bonn.
In he went to the Paris World Exposition and settled there, working first as a labourer and then as head gardener in the Tuileries Garden. Biography Balbo was always attracted by the "magical world of painting". Aged 14 he met in Sanremo the Pasquali brothers who introduced him to the world of sculpture.
Being born in Bordighera he was interested in the artistic production of all painters who lived and worked in his hometown such as Claude Monet, Pompeo Mariani Friederich von Kleudgen, Hermann Nestel, Giuseppe Ferdinando Piana, etc. His original style is heavily influenced by the Impressionism even if one can already perceive some elements of cubism.
In he painted "Il soldato", confirming his membership in the futurism movement. In those years, he met the sculptor Adolfo Wildt who had a very large impact on his painting. This influence can be perceived in his famous portrait on yello The International Festival of the Humor of Bordighera was one of the main Festivals devoted to humor, satire, comic strips and cartoons in Europe. In a few years, the Festival achieved a widespread reputation, becoming a reference for many humorists worldwide, between which many from Eastern Europe and China, in times when cultural exchanges where heavily restrained.
An Insect from Shaggai is a member of a fictional alien race also known as the Shan in the Cthulhu Mythos. The being was created by British author Ramsey Campbell, who was inspired by a similar creature in H. Summary The Insects from Shaggai, or Shan, are a race of pigeon-sized interstellar refugees who arrived on Earth centuries ago.
The Shan hail from the planet Shaggai, a world that orbits twin emerald suns. In its heyday, the technologically advanced Shan lived in globular dwellings within huge cities. As devout worshipers of the Outer God Azathoth, they erected pyramidal temples containing "multidimensional gates" whereby "that from Outside" an aspect of Azathoth called Xada-Hgla could enter. One day, a mysterious object appeared in the sky. Day by day, this object drew closer to Shaggai, until the third day when the strange celestial visitor emitted a red glow which destroyed t The church is also called the Church of the Terrasanta Holy Land , in honour to the first missionary priests who officiated Mass returning from Palestine.
One of his wishes was to build a church in the new area of the city that had developed along the coast.
At first he turned to the architect Alexander Cantu of Sanremo, but the project was stopped when the priest returned to the convent. In , he came back to Bordighera, enlisted the help of the architect Charles Garnier for the realization of his ambitious project. The land to build the church was donated by Mr.
Francesco Moreno, well known for his beau A medieval depiction of the Ecumene , Johannes Schnitzer, engraver , constructed after the coordinates in Ptolemy's Geography and using his second map projection. The translation into Latin and dissemination of Geography in Europe, in the beginning of the 15th century, marked the rebirth of scientific cartography, after more than a millennium of stagnation. Combining science, aesthetics, and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively.
The fundamental problems of traditional cartography are to: Set the map's agenda and select traits of the object to be mapped. This is the concern of map editing. Traits may be physical, such as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such as toponyms or political boundaries. Represent the terrain of the mapped object on flat media.
John Arthur Goodchild — was a physician, and later author of several works of poetry and mysticism, most famously Light of the West. According to Benham see below Goodchild had a private medical practice in Bordighera, Italy, serving mainly expatriate Britons. From until the early s he stayed in Italy during summers and returned to the UK in winters. Goodchild was an antiquarian influenced by British Israelite ideas and the Golden Dawn esoteric group. Studies in the Spiritual History of the Gael to Goodchild.
The villa is part of the property protected by the Superintendent for Architectural Heritage and Landscape of Liguria. As in Puma concolor , the protocone of the P4 is placed on the lingual side of the crown in front of the paracone-metacone boundary , but in Pa. Also, the P4's parastyle is larger in Pa. The p3 has a much more developed posterior cingulum in Pa. The p4 crown is much lower in Pa.
The parastyle in P4 is less developed in Pa. In Smilodon all cusps are queued and mesiolabial cusps are absent. The upper canine of Smilodon is clearly broader and longer that the C1 of Pa. Moreover, the canines of Smilodon are serrated on its lingual portion and comprised on its mesiodistal portion. The paracone is triangular and higher than the metacone. The apex of the metacone is almost straight. The base of the crown in labial view goes up towards the end of the metacone. The labial portion is concave and folds to the inside where the metacone connects the paracone.
The specimen is represented by a deciduous tooth. The paracone and metacone are straight on its lingual portion while its cusps are convex in shape. In a permanent tooth, the paracone has a pyramidal form and the cusps are aligned at the labial edge. The deciduous P3 is smaller than in Puma and Panthera.
However, the dental morphology of the dP3 is similar to Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus wiedii and Leopardus tigrinus. Procyon cancrivorus , right m2 in occlusal view. Nasua nasua , left M1 in occlusal view. Geographic and temporal provenances. The tooth is labio-lingually compressed from the root apex to halfway up the crown. The crown has a large central cusp, conically shaped on its base and mesiodistally curved. The crown is convex on labial view, straight on distal view, and concave on mesiolingual view.
The crown is well preserved with little wear. The root is mesiodistally compressed, and larger on the mesial and distal view than on the lingual and labial view. The crown has a triangular form in all views. There is a groove on the occlusal area. It is a large tooth in both length and width. The crown is conical and slightly labiolingually compressed, and delimited by two enamel crests that are present along the whole length of the crown. The root is long, laterally compressed and gets thinner towards its apex. The mesial part of the root is concave and the distal part is convex.
The crown has little wear and some cracks are present along the whole tooth. The root is bent and longer than the crown. The crown is also bent and has the same crests as the upper canine. All specimens belong to one individual adult specimen. The occlusion is also perfect between them. The exception is the record of A.
The canines of A. The upper canine is very similar between species of Arctotherium , differing mainly in size. The canine of A. The lower canine of A. The upper third incisor is the largerst incisor of the upper tooth row; it is caniniform, with a high laterally compressed crown. The main cusp is morphologically similar to that of the I2, the mesial ridge is broader and longer than the distal ridge, and there is no enamel bulge between them. The total of observed characters leads us to assign the following specimens as A.
On the right dentary the coronoid and condylar processes are absent. Only the p4 and m1 are present, and only the alveoli of the incisors, canine, p3 and m2 are preserved. The left dentary has i3, c, p2, p3, p4, m1 and m2 present and no tooth is worn. The labial portion is broken at the same height as the p4. The material has cracks all over its surface. The mandibular foramen is preserved.
The right dentary is broken horizontally at the coronoid process.
The fracture was made during the collection of the material, but it was possible to reunite and glue all parts. The angular portion of the condylar process is broken on its lingual portion. Five mentalis foramina and the mandibular foramen are present. Third lower incisor i3 — The crown is straight and quadrangular on labial view. Lower canine c — The base of the crown is large and gets thinner towards its apex. The tooth is curved, where the labial portion is convex and the lingual portion is concave.
Third lower premolar p3 — There is only one conical cusp. A thick cingulum is present in front of the mesial margin of the p4.
Fourth lower premolar p4 — This tooth is bigger than the p3 but it is very similar in form to the p3. The enamel is elongated behind the single cusp, flexing markedly at the lingual margin of the tooth, while the labial margin is straight. The tooth is placed diagonally on the tooth row. First lower molar m1 - The protoconid is straight. There is a thick cingulum at the talonid margin. The metaconid is absent. Second lower molar m2 — This molar is smaller than the m1, subcircular in form and has an enamel crest along the crown.
The tooth is placed on the tooth row higher than the other teeth, next to the coronoid process. The genus Galictis is found throughout zoological collections with identifications that have been switched back and forth between G. The only dental characteristic that distinguishes G. Apart from that, both species are very similar, except in size, where G.
Both hemimandibles described here were found at approximately the same place in the cave, but in two different years. These dentaries have similar proportions and their symphyses are well preserved so that they fit together. Therefore, we consider that these dentaries belong to the same individual.
The species is recorded from late Pleistocene to early Holocene of Argentina Soibelzon et al. The mesiodistal length is bigger than the labiolingual length. The distal edge is narrow and triangular. The mesial edge is broad and rounded. The trigonid and the talonid have similar dimensions. The metaconid and the hypoconid are absent and it is only possible to identify their bases.
The base of the protoconid is almost the same length of the trigonid. The base of the metaconid is about half the size of the base of the protoconid. The base of the hypoconid is similar in length to the base of the protoconid, and is placed behind the mesiodistal portion of the tooth, aligned to the main axis.
The entoconid is placed parallel to the mesiodistal portion of the base of the hypoconid. A cristid connects diagonally the base of the hypoconid and the entoconid. The mesial root and part of the enamel on the base of the crown are absent. The material has some cracks on both crown and root. The specimen of Procyon cancrivorus described here represents the first potential late Pleistocene record of the species to Brazil for more details see Rodriguez et al.
Upper first molar M1 — Three roots are present: The crown is quadrangular, and longer labiolingually than mesiodistally. There are four cusps of pyramidal form. The paracone is the largest cusp placed at the mesiolabial portion of the crown. This cusp is connected with the metacone and the protocone by a thin enamel crest.
The metacone is placed at the distolingual portion of the crown. Usually the M1 has a more rounded outlined crown than the material described here, which has a quadrangular outlined crown. Also, the tooth is worn on the labial portion of the crown. Bassaricyon gabbii has only one lingual cusp on the M1. Bassariscus astutus and Bassariscus sumichrasti have differences in form, number of cusps and form of these cusps, and resembles the M1 of Canidae.
In Procyon cancrivorus the metacone is more centralized than in Nasua nasua , and presents a large mesiolabial cingulum that is not present in N. On the described material, the M2 is the tooth more similar with Pr. However, some differences are recognizable between both taxa, such as lingual cusp larger and more centralized in Pr.