History of the English People, Index

History of the English People, Index

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In a survey of the genes of British and Irish men, even those British regions that were most genetically similar to Germanic speaking continental regions were still more genetically British than continental: These results demonstrate that even with the choice of Frisians as a source for the Anglo-Saxons, there is a clear indication of a continuing indigenous component in the English paternal genetic makeup.

In , through the investigation of burials using ancient DNA techniques, researchers found evidence of intermarriage in the earliest phase of Anglo-Saxon settlement.

History of the English People, Index

From about AD waves of Danish Viking assaults on the coastlines of the British Isles were gradually followed by a succession of Danish settlers in England. At first, the Vikings were very much considered a separate people from the English. This separation was enshrined when Alfred the Great signed the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum to establish the Danelaw, a division of England between English and Danish rule, with the Danes occupying northern and eastern England.

However, Alfred's successors subsequently won military victories against the Danes, incorporating much of the Danelaw into the nascent kingdom of England. Gradually, the Danes in England came to be seen as 'English'. They had a noticeable impact on the English language: The English population was not politically unified until the 10th century. Before then, it consisted of a number of petty kingdoms which gradually coalesced into a Heptarchy of seven powerful states, the most powerful of which were Mercia and Wessex.

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The English nation state began to form when the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms united against Danish Viking invasions, which began around AD. Over the following century and a half England was for the most part a politically unified entity, and remained permanently so after The Norman conquest of England during brought Anglo-Saxon and Danish rule of England to an end, as the new French speaking Norman elite almost universally replaced the Anglo-Saxon aristocracy and church leaders.

After the conquest, "English" normally included all natives of England, whether they were of Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian or Celtic ancestry, to distinguish them from the Norman invaders, who were regarded as "Norman" even if born in England, for a generation or two after the Conquest. Various contemporary sources suggest that within 50 years of the invasion most of the Normans outside the royal court had switched to English, with Anglo-Norman remaining the prestige language of government and law largely out of social inertia.

For example, Orderic Vitalis, a historian born in and the son of a Norman knight, said that he learned French only as a second language. Anglo-Norman continued to be used by the Plantagenet kings until Edward I came to the throne. Despite the assimilation of the Normans, the distinction between 'English' and 'French' survived in official documents long after it had fallen out of common use, in particular in the legal phrase Presentment of Englishry a rule by which a hundred had to prove an unidentified murdered body found on their soil to be that of an Englishman, rather than a Norman, if they wanted to avoid a fine.

English people

This law was abolished in Since the 18th century, England has been one part of a wider political entity covering all or part of the British Isles, which today is called the United Kingdom. In , about two-thirds of the Irish population those who lived in 26 of the 32 counties of Ireland , left the United Kingdom to form the Irish Free State.

The remainder became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, although this name was not introduced until , after some years in which the term "United Kingdom" had been little used. Throughout the history of the UK, the English have been dominant in population and in political weight. As a consequence, notions of 'Englishness' and 'Britishness' are often very similar. At the same time, after the Union of , the English, along with the other peoples of the British Isles, have been encouraged to think of themselves as British rather than to identify themselves with the constituent nations.

England has been the destination of varied numbers of migrants at different periods from the 17th century onwards. While some members of these groups seek to practise a form of pluralism, attempting to maintain a separate ethnic identity, others have assimilated and intermarried with the English. Since Oliver Cromwell 's resettlement of the Jews in , there have been waves of Jewish immigration from Russia in the 19th century and from Germany in the 20th. There has been a black presence in England since the 16th century due to the slave trade , [63] and an Indian presence since at least the 17th century because of the East India Company [64] and British Raj.

The s witnessed a resurgence of English national identity.

This perceived rise in English self-consciousness has generally been attributed to the devolution in the late s of some powers to the Scottish Parliament and National Assembly for Wales. Because the Westminster Parliament is composed of MPs from throughout the United Kingdom, this has given rise to the " West Lothian question ", a reference to the situation in which MPs representing constituencies outside England can vote on matters affecting only England, but MPs cannot vote on the same matters in relation to the other parts of the UK.

The establishment of an English parliament has also been backed by a number of Scottish and Welsh nationalists. John Curtice argues that "In the early years of devolution Recent surveys of public opinion on the establishment of an English parliament have given widely varying conclusions. From the earliest times English people have left England to settle in other parts of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, but it is not possible to identify their numbers, as British censuses have historically not invited respondents to identify themselves as English.

English ethnic descent and emigrant communities are found primarily in the Western World , and in some places, settled in significant numbers. In the census , 24,, Americans described their ancestry as wholly or partly English. In addition, 1,, recorded British ancestry. In the census , over 49 million 49,, Americans claimed English ancestry, at the time around County Durham , Cumberland , Northumberland and Westmorland settlers who colonised Ireland during the Plantation of Ulster in the 17th century.

Americans of English heritage are often seen, and identify, as simply "American" due to the many historic cultural ties between England and the U. Relative to ethnic groups of other European origins, this may be due to the early establishment of English settlements; as well as to non-English groups having emigrated in order to establish significant communities. In the Canada Census , 'English' was the most common ethnic origin ethnic origin refers to the ethnic or cultural group s to which the respondent's ancestors belong [] recorded by respondents; 6,, people or From the beginning of the colonial era until the midth century, the vast majority of settlers to Australia were from the British Isles , with the English being the dominant group.

Among the leading ancestries, increases in Australian, Irish and German ancestries and decreases in English, Scottish and Welsh ancestries appear to reflect such shifts in perception or reporting. These reporting shifts at least partly resulted from changes in the design of the census question, in particular the introduction of a tick box format in Australians of English descent, are both the single largest ethnic group in Australia and the largest 'ancestry' identity in the Australian census.

The census also documented , residents or 3. Since the s there have been increasingly large numbers of English people, estimated at over 3 million, permanently or semi-permanently living in Spain and France, drawn there by the climate and cheaper house prices. The culture of England is sometimes difficult to separate clearly from the culture of the United Kingdom , [] so influential has English culture been on the cultures of the British Isles and, on the other hand, given the extent to which other cultures have influenced life in England.

English people traditionally speak the English language , a member of the West Germanic language family , first spoken in early medieval England. It is closely related to the Frisian languages , but its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages , particularly Norse a North Germanic language , as well as by Latin and French.

Those in the north generally pronounce such words with a short vowel whereas those in the south use a long vowel. Saint George is recognised as the patron saint of England and the flag of England consists of his cross. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This article is about a nation and an ethnic group. For information on the population of England, see Demography of England. For other uses, see English disambiguation and Englishman disambiguation. It is not to be confused with the term Little Englander. Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain. Treaty of Wedmore and Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum. History of the formation of the United Kingdom. St George's Cross England. St Andrew's Cross Scotland. St Patrick's Cross Ireland. This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it.

History of the English People, Index by John Richard Green - Free Ebook

Old English and English language in England. Retrieved 21 August Census in brief PDF. Archived PDF from the original on 13 May The number of people who described themselves as white in terms of population group and specified their first language as English in South Africa's Census was 1,, The total white population with a first language specified was 4,, and the total population was 51,, The census used a different question Archived 19 February at the Wayback Machine.

Retrieved 15 December Retrieved 8 July Archived from the original on 21 September Retrieved 26 August PDF ; see p. Taylor, English History, — Oxford: Clarendon Press, , p. The New York Times. The Origins of the British: A Genetic Detective Story. Ancient DNA holds clues". Stumpf and Heinrich Hark. Archived from the original PDF on 1 November Retrieved 21 January Retrieved 21 December Ancient DNA holds clues.

The Reality of the Myth" , in Cameron, Keith. If you are sure that this product is in violation of acceptable content as defined in the agreement or that it does not meet our guidelines for General Access, please fill out the form below. It will then be reviewed by Lulu Staff to determine the next course of action. Identify in sufficient detail the copyrighted work that you believe has been infringed upon for example, "The copyrighted work at issue is the image that appears on http: Identify each web page that allegedly contains infringing material.

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This item has not been rated yet. You can preview this book by clicking on "Preview" which is located under the cover of this book. Born the son of a tradesman in Oxford, where he was educated, first at Magdalen College School, and then at Jesus College where he is commemorated by the J. Green Society, which meets twice a term. He entered the Church, and served various cures in London, under a constant strain caused by delicate health.

Always an enthusiastic student of history, the little leisure time he had was devoted to research.

In he finally gave up his work as a clergyman, and was appointed librarian at Lambeth. Log in to rate this item. You must be logged in to post a review. There are no reviews for the current version of this product Refreshing There are no reviews for previous versions of this product.

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