The Baylors of Newmarket: The Decline and Fall of a Virginia Planter Family

John Baylor III (1705–1772)

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Mary Jones, hanged for shoplifting. October 15th, Headsman.

The Baylors of Newmarket : the decline and fall of a Virginia planter family

From The Baylors of Newmarket: In the latter capacity, Baylor also imported the legendary colonial stud Fearnought. We have the date of the hanging, although not the explanation for the delay between trial and execution, via a different book, Murder at Montpelier. With legislative, executive, and judicial functions combined into a single governing body, the county courts impacted the day-to-day lives of Virginians more than any other civil authority.

The county court adjudicated most civil matters, including debt and contract disputes, presided over nonfelony criminal cases accused felons were bound over for trial at the General Court in Williamsburg , and determined whether wills were admitted to probate and whether deeds, mortgages, or other instruments were worthy of being recorded in the county records.

The justices established the amount of the county levy each year and decided who was exempt from taxation and exactly how the money would be spent — no road, bridge, or public building could be built without their approval.

They issued bonds, permits, and licenses, including permits for ferries and mills, as well as licenses for taverns and inns; they even set the prices that could be charged for alcoholic beverages. As historian Jack P.

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The justices also apprenticed orphans to artisans or tradesman; they fined the parents of illegitimate children or sometimes ordered they be publicly whipped; and they put able-bodied paupers to work or exiled them from the county if they were from somewhere else under ancient English custom and law the poor were supposed to be dealt with in their home communities. Jadwiz Racing Produces a printable and online form guide with exclusive ratings along with unique horse racing systems. Japan Bloodstock Includes a Racing Calendar which lists graded races and results, pedigree research providing country and color, family tables showing graded winners, summary of graded wins for selected horses, and a printable pedigree page.

Includes history, milestones, and photo gallery. Maryland Racing Art Maryland racing The paintings depict scenes from the rich history of thoroughbred racing in Maryland. National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame Their mission is to interpret the history and convey the excitement of Thoroughbred racing in America to the broadest possible audience.

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Many of Virginia's gentry sent their mares to Newmarket for breeding with Fearnought and then bragged for years about their horses' descent from the celebrated stallion. Thomas Jefferson , for example, proudly noted in his farm journal that his favorite mount, Caractacus, was the grand sire grandson of Fearnought.

While serving as governor, Jefferson famously fled a contingent of British soldiers sent to capture him at Monticello astride Caractacus. Fearnought's genes were so highly prized that by it was "virtually impossible" to find a pedigree of any "significant" American-bred thoroughbred that didn't have multiple strains of Fearnought ancestry, according to renowned thoroughbred pedigree expert Anne Peters, of Three Chimneys Farm in Midway, Kentucky.

Due to intensive inbreeding from a select group of horses, many of today's American thoroughbreds are descended from Fearnought hundreds or even thousands of times over. Unfortunately for Baylor and his peers, by the mids Virginia's "golden age" was coming to a harsh end.

From about to , the repeated droughts and dry spells that plagued the Tidewater and eastern Piedmont dramatically reduced the quantity and quality of the planters' crops of tobacco and corn. In London, economic difficulties caused by war with France were accompanied by falling tobacco prices and a significant credit crunch. Virginia taxes, especially impositions on land and an ever-increasing poll tax, rose dramatically in the s, squeezing planters' profits. By the end of the decade, Baylor, along with the majority of his fellow tobacco planters, was in serious financial trouble.

As a class, the planters—anxious to emulate their British counterparts—did little to help themselves. They were, according to Fauquier, "greatly in Debt to the Mother Country," yet were "not prudent enough to quit any one Article of Luxury.

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After a long illness, Baylor died at Newmarket on April 3, Despite his substantial liabilities, he left a vast estate, including tens of thousands of acres of land, more than slaves, and a stud farm that included more than "fifty choice blooded horses," according to the Virginia Gazette. Baylor's son and principal heir, Cambridge-educated John Baylor IV — , sought to pay off Newmarket's debts, but his financial excesses far exceeded his father's.

The younger Baylor died in debtor's prison in Bowling Green , Virginia. Ironically, it was a prison his father helped to build while a "gentleman justice" of the Caroline County court. John Baylor III — Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 19 Jul. Thanks to your advocacy efforts on our behalf, we're happy to report that the recently passed Omnibus Spending Bill includes a very small increase in funding for the National Endowment for the Humanities!

The Baylors Of Newmarket

While our work is not over with regards to the upcoming budget to be passed in the fall, the Omnibus Spending Bill represents an endorsement of the important work that the humanities do for our communities. These funds will continue to support our work of providing free access to authoritative content about Virginia's history and culture.

Katheder John Baylor III was a wealthy planter and one of the most significant importers and breeders of thoroughbred horses in pre-Revolutionary America. The horse's price, a thousand guineas, is twice what Baylor had planned to pay and unprecedented for Virginia planters of the time. Categories Sports Colonial History ca. The Horse in Virginia: University of Virginia Press,

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