September 12: Community and Neighborhood Recovery at Ground Zero
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The large amount of rubble at the vast site was eventually cleared, and life moved on after the catastrophe, and more attention was placed on building an appropriate memorial for the victims than doing a post-event analysis and deciding what diplomatic and other such actions needed to be taken to prevent further attacks of this scope. But they felt threatened, and feared that their seclusion from the rest of Lower Manhattan would be intruded upon, and ripped away from them by the redevelopment plans for Ground Zero, which might lead large numbers of people from New York, tourists from the rest of the U.
The family members had varied opinions of how their late loved ones should be remembered. And the nearby residents also had their own views on what should be built because they lived there, worked there, and passed by there. Many of us have wondered why it took over a decade after the disaster to build a memorial site in the area, and part of the answer lies in the lengthy discussions that ensued, the consideration of the numerous proposals and designs, and the decision-making in the selection process that preceded the construction.
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In his conclusion, the author writes that Battery Park City is a success. Within the larger adjacent, impersonal city with tall skyscrapers and the hustle and bustle, was created a secluded community wherein people can go nearby places of worship, enjoy shopping, and peacefully raise their children who can go to nearby schools, and most importantly, where there is personal interaction and a spirit of community and belonging.
Shortly after the attacks, the surrounding buildings were fitted with red mesh to prevent further damage. In November , the remaining portions of Building 4 were leveled.
Gregory Smithsimon
In December , a temporary viewing platform at Fulton Street, between Church Street and Broadway, was opened to the public. Early estimates suggested that debris removal would take a year, but cleanup ended in May , under budget and without a single serious injury.
Starting March 11, , eighty-eight searchlights were installed and arranged to form two beams of light shooting straight up into the sky. This was called the Tribute in Light , and was originally lit every day at dusk until April 14, After that, the lights were lit on the two-year anniversary of the attack and have been lit on each subsequent September 11 since then.
Portions of the South Tower had also damaged the nearby Deutsche Bank Building , which soon became filled with toxic dust. By , Deutsche Bank determined that its building was unsalvageable and it was scheduled for demolition. In July , a team of archaeologists at the site discovered the remains of a foot 9.
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Samples of its wood have been taken for dendrochronology. The Port Authority did own a "significant" internal portion of the site of 16 acres 6.
It was unclear who owned 2. Bush vowed to rebuild the World Trade Center site. On the day of the attacks, Giuliani proclaimed, "We will rebuild. We're going to come out of this stronger than before, politically stronger, economically stronger. The skyline will be made whole again. An individual in the crowd shouted, "We can't hear you," to which Bush replied, "I can hear you.
The rest of the world hears you. And the people who knocked these buildings down will hear all of us soon. In a later address before Congress , the president declared, "As a symbol of America's resolve, my administration will work with Congress, and these two leaders, to show the world that we will rebuild New York City.
It would give the terrorists the victory they seek. The original twin towers took less than three years from start of construction to be finished and five years from the beginning planning stages. However, given the complexity and highly political nature of the rebuilding efforts, they are often cited as an example of a successful public-private collaboration and are taught as a case study in successful negotiations. The corporation also handles communication with the local community, businesses, the city of New York, and relatives of victims of the September 11 attacks.
But the LMDC, in an April articulation of its principles for action, asserted its role in revitalizing lower Manhattan. In the months following the attacks, architects and urban planning experts held meetings and forums to discuss ideas for rebuilding the site. The following seven architecture firms were then invited to compete to be the master plan architect for the World Trade Center:. Peterson Littenberg, a small New York architecture firm, had been enlisted by the LMDC earlier that summer as a consultant, and was invited to participate as the seventh semifinalist.
The seven semifinalists presented their entries to the public on December 18, , at the Winter Garden of the World Financial Center. Days before the announcement of the two finalists in February , Larry Silverstein wrote to LMDC Chair John Whitehead to express his disapproval of all of the semifinalists' designs. As the Twin Towers' insurance money recipient, Silverstein claimed that he had the sole right to decide what would be built.
While not all of Liebeskind's ideas were incorporated into the final design, his design and the public support it garnered did solidify the principle that the original footprints of the Twin Towers should be turned into a memorial and not be used for commercial purposes. As a result, Liebeskind's lawyers at the New York firm of Wachtell Lipton embarked on the multi-year negotiation process to frame a master plan for the rebuilding. An episode of CBS 's 60 Minutes in focused on the lack of progress at Ground Zero, particularly on the lack of completion dates for a majority of the buildings, the main tower, One World Trade Center previously known as the Freedom Tower 's having undergone three different designs, and the delays and monetary expense involved.
Investor Larry Silverstein said the Port Authority's estimated completion date for the entire site was , and billions of dollars had already been spent on the project, even though Ground Zero "is still a hole in the ground". During an interview for the episode, Larry Silverstein said: I'm seventy-eight years of age; I want to see this thing done in my lifetime".
The social center of the old World Trade Center included a spectacular restaurant on the th Floor, called Windows on the World , and its Greatest Bar in the World; these were tourist attractions in their own right, and a social gathering spot for people who worked in the towers. This height refers to , the year in which the United States Declaration of Independence was signed.
The project's developer Tishman Construction Corporation was the construction manager at the time. Digging the foundation and installing tower-foundation steel columns, concrete, and rebar took twice as long as it normally would due to the existence of the subway line under West Broadway nearby. Construction resumed in August , [75] and the building opened on June 11, On June 22, , the Port Authority announced that JP Morgan Chase will lease the story building for its investment banking headquarters; [83] [84] however, JPMorgan's March acquisition of Bear Stearns had caused construction to stagnate, as the company changed its plans and relocated its headquarters to Madison Avenue.
A memorial called Reflecting Absence honors the victims of the September 11 attacks and the World Trade Center bombing. Pools of water fill the footprints, underneath which sits a memorial space whose walls bear the names of the victims.
This page was last edited on 3 December , at This chapter examines how physical space and the socioeconomic class of residents shaped community activism in Battery Park City before and after September National September 11 Memorial. Retrieved October 27, Retrieved July 16,
The slurry wall , which holds back the Hudson River in the west and was an integral part of Libeskind's proposal, remains exposed. Construction of the memorial was completed by early Those disputes were resolved and construction resumed on September 10, Westfield World Trade Center opened with its first group of stores on August 16, Three additional levels will exist above-grade on the lower floors of 2 and 3 World Trade Center, while 4 World Trade Center currently houses four above-grade levels.
The World Trade Center station's headhouse, the Oculus, also houses a large amount of retail space. The new station, as well as the September 11 Memorial and Museum, is air-cooled via a heat exchanger fed by four pipes carrying water from the Hudson River. A temporary PATH station opened in and construction on the permanent station was supposed to begin in fall ; however, the NYPD raised security concerns on the entire site. Among the revisions effecting the Transportation Hub was doubling the number of support columns.
When completed, the Performing Arts Center will include approximately 90, square feet across three floors. The second floor will consist of rehearsal and dressing rooms for theater actors, and the third floor will house three distinguished theaters. All three theaters are designed so that the walls will be able to rotate and expand to provide extra space for a single theater if needed.
Book Review: September 12 – Community and Neighborhood Recovery at Ground Zero
The theaters will occupy approximately 1, people combined. Liberty Park , a new elevated park , was built on top of a parking complex named the Vehicular Security Center at the southwest corner of the site. Construction began in when the Vehicular Security Center was completed. Previously, the damaged sculpture by Fritz Koenig had been located in Battery Park. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church was originally supposed to be relocated, [] but the most recent plans call for the church to be built in Liberty Park.
A green wall is located on the Liberty Street facade. A walkway from the pedestrian bridge curves along the park; egresses include three stairways, the pedestrian bridge, and a straight ramp down to Greenwich Street. Of these exits, a wide staircase is located parallel to Greenwich Street and directly behind the church. There are wood benches and a small amphitheater -like elevated space at the West Street end of the park. Finally, there is an observation balcony along much of Liberty Street and another slightly curved balcony at the church's foot.
The renovation was never completed, and the building was condemned and demolished in The World Trade Center site used the ZIP code before the September 11 attacks, and there were eight letter carriers assigned to the buildings to deliver mail to the buildings' tenants. Following the attacks, the United States Postal Service provided free mail-forwarding service to the WTC's former occupants for three years, rather than the usual one-year period. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
The site as it appears today: World Trade Center — Rescue and recovery effort after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Health effects arising from the September 11 attacks. Satellite image of the World Trade center site after the attacks with the location of the Twin Towers and other buildings in the complex superimposed over the debris field.
The World Trade Center site 17 days after the September 11, terrorist attacks. Buildings surrounding the site of the collapsed towers are fitted with mesh to prevent further damage and large construction vehicles are being used to clear debris.
World Trade Center —present. Smithsimon has since gone on to publish several books, including September They are politically engaged, sharp, and they have what CUNY has had for the better part of a century now: It's been a fantastic opportunity to be here. Smithsimon is currently working on a book about a suburban African-American community outside of Baltimore called Liberty Road, which will be released in by New York University Press.
I left the suburbs when I was 18 because they were so boring. I came back 18 years later to study them because they are so fascinating! But for his current work, Smithsimon has a specific hope—particularly in light of learning how large social media platforms have been utilized to present fiction as fact and spread false information in a way that has dangerous real-world implications.
World Trade Center site
We wind up taking the information that reinforces our own prejudices and is designed to get us riled up even when there's no substance to it. I hope people come away from the book with a sense of how a sociological view of the world can help them find reliable, substantiated sources of information—which can help them understand the world better, can help them understand themselves better, and can be really liberating.
We'll show you around and introduce you to one of the most beautiful campuses in the country. Arrange a tour today. Skip to Main Content. New Users College Directory. Smithsimon Smithsimon argues that scholars who study within the discipline gain valuable insights, skills, and tools to help them navigate a world where digital spaces like those found on social media often spread misinformation.